Project: 33/11KV GIS SS AT JUNPUKUR, PURBA MIDNAPORE

LOA NO :- CE/Project-III/WB-GIS/LOI/Purba Midnapore/ERECTION/2022-23/PK-IV/88/344 DATED 19.04.2022

Title: Earthing Design Calculation

Doc. No. K2022T&DRE003A-03-DRG-015

DESCRIPTION REVISION DATE OF SUBMISSION

FIRST SUBMISSION R1 24.07.2023
 EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 33/11kV SWITCHYARD OF JUNPUKUR SUBSTATION

EARTHMAT SIZING CALCULATION BASED ON IEEE 80 : 1986

INPUT DATA REQUIRED FOR CALCULATION

1.0 CONSIDERATIONS

a) Maximum fault current in kA, If = 14

b) Duration of fault current in Sec. = 3
c) Current division factor, Sf = 1.0
e) Allowance for corrosion ie. corrosion factor = 1
f) Ohmic value of equivalent ground resistance must be less than = 1
g) Depth of grid burial in meter, h = 0.6
h) Type of surface material used (if any) Crushed Stone
i) Thickness of surface material used in meter, hs = 0.1
j) Resistivity of surface material in ohm-m, rs = 4000
k) Type & material of ground grid conductor MS ROD

2.0 FIELD DATA

a) Average soil resistivity in Ω-m, r (refer Annexure III) = 15.257

3.0 CONDUCTOR MATERIAL DATA

Tm = Maximum allowable temperature in Deg. C = 620

Ta = Ambient temperature in Deg. C = 50
Tr = Ref. temperature of material content in Deg. C = 20
ar = Thermal co-efficient of resistivity at Tr per Deg. C = 0.00423
rr = The resistivity of ground conductor at Tr in micro-ohm-cm = 15
tc = Time of current flow in second for conductor sizing = 3
TCAP = Thermal capacity factor in Joule/(cu.cm-deg.C) = 3.749

4.0 DATA REQUIRED FOR TOUCH & STEP POTENTIAL

ts = Duration of shock current in second = 3

GRID
5.0 DESIGN DATA

Length of Grid in m, X (From Annex III) = 43.00

Width of Grid in m, Y (From Annex III) = 35.000
Considering spacing of conductor along X-direction in m = 5.5
Considering spacing of conductor along Y-direction in m = 5.5
NX = Numbers of conductor along X-direction = 9 = 9
NY = Numbers of conductor along Y-direction = 7 = 7
 EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 33/11kV SWITCHYARD OF JUNPUKUR SUBSTATION

GROUNDING DESIGN CALCULATION

1.0 REFERENCE STANDARDS

a) IEEE 80:1986
b) IS - 3043
c) CBIP Technical Report No.- 5

2.0 CONSIDERATIONS

a) Maximum fault current in kA, If = 14

b) Duration of fault current in Sec. = 3
c) Current division factor, Sf = 1
f) Ohmic value of equivalent ground resistance must be less than = 1
g) Depth of grid burrial in meter, h = 0.6
h) Type of surface material used (if any) Crushed Stone
I) Thickness of surface material used in meter, hs = 0.1
j) Resistivity of surface material in ohm-m, rs = 4000
k) Type & material of ground grid conductor MS ROD
l) Length of Auxiliary Earth Mat in meter = 60
m) Length of Grid Corner Mesh & 3m Long Rod Electrode in meter = 78

3.0 FIELD DATA

a) Average soil resistivity in ohm-m, r = 15.257
b) Approx. grounding area in sq.m, A = 1505

4.0 DESIGN CALCULATIONS

4.1 Conductor Sizing

Using Equation (41) and Table 1 of IEEE Std 80-1986

A(in sq. mm) = If/sqrt[{(TCAPx10^(-4))/(tc.ar.rr)}x{ln{(Ko+Tm)/(Ko+Ta)}}]
Where,
A = Conductor cross-section area in sq.mm
If = Ground fault current in kA = 14
Tm = Maximum allowable temperature in Deg. C = 620
Ta = Ambient temperatue in Deg. C = 50
Tr = Ref. temperature of material content in Deg. C = 20
ar = Thermal co-efficient of resistivity at Tr per Deg. C = 0.00423
rr = The resistivity of ground conductor at Tr in micro-ohm-cm = 15
Ko = 1/ao or (1/ar - Tr) = 216.406619
tc = Time of current flow in second for conductor sizing = 3
TCAP = Thermal capacity factor in Jule/(cu.cm-deg.C) = 3.749
Hence,
A = 294.928304 m2
Selected Size of GI Flat 65x6 ≈ 390
As per technical specification, Flat Size of main earth mat : 65mmx6mm GI FLAT

4.2 Touch and Step Potential Criteria

Resistivity of surface material is derated by a reduction factor Cs, where

Cs = 1 - [{0.106(1 - r/rs)}/(2hs + 0.106)]
= 0.654916047
Assuming that for the particular station the location of grounded facilities within the fenced property is such that the person's
person's weight can be expected to be at least 50 kg.
So, the tolerable step and touch potential may be computed as follows:

A. Tolerable Step Potential (Estep50)

Using Equation (30) of IEEE Std 80-1986
Estep50 = (1000 + 6Cs.rs) x 0.116/sqrt(ts)
Where,
Cs = Reduction factor = 0.654916047
rs = Resistivity of surface material in ohm-m = = 4000
ts = Duration of shock current in second = 3
Hence,
Estep50 = 1119.647453 Volt
 EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 33/11kV SWITCHYARD OF JUNPUKUR SUBSTATION

GROUNDING DESIGN CALCULATION

B. Tolerable Touch Potential (Etouch50)
Using Equation (33) of IEEE Std 80-1986
Etouch50= (1000 + 1.5Cs.rs) x 0.116/sqrt(ts)
Where,
Cs = Reduction factor = 0.654916047
rs = Resistivity of surface material in ohm-m = = 4000
ts = Duration of shock current in second = 3
Hence,
Etouch50= 330.1413368 Volt
4.3 Initial Ground Grid Design (Equivalent Area)

NY

Width (Y)

EQUIVALENT AREA in m=43

5.5

5.5
35 NX
Length (X)
Length in m, X = 43.00 Width in m, Y = 35
Considering spacing of conductor along X-diection in m = 5.5
Considering spacing of conductor along Y-diection in m = 5.5
NX = Numbers of conductor along X-direction = 9
NY = Numbers of conductor along Y-direction = 7
Total length of Grid conductors in meter Lg = 616.00 [Lg= L x Nl + W x Nw]
Total length including grid corner & aux. mat & ground rod = LR 138 m
Total Length of Burried Conductor LT = LR +Lg = 754.0 m
Total area covered by the ground grid = 1505.00 m2

4.4 Determination of Grid Resistance (Rg)

Using Equation (52) of IEEE Std 80-1986

Rg = r[1/LT + 1/sqrt(20A){1 + 1/(1 + h*sqrt(20/A))}]
Where,
r = Resistivity of soil in ohm-m = 15.257
LT = Total length of buried conductors in meters = 754
h = Depth of grid burrial in meter = 0.6
A = Area covered by the ground grid in sq.m = 1505.00
Hence,
Rg = 0.190425488 Ω
4.5 Determination of Maximum Grid Current (IG)

Using Equation (64 & 65) of IEEE Std 80-1986

Maximum grid current in Amp, IG = Df.Sf.If
Where,
Df = Decrement factor for entire duration of fault = 1.0
Sf = Fault current division factor (Split factor) = 1
If = Maximum symmetrical fault current
n inmn
Ampmn = 14000
Hence,
IG = 14000 Amp

4.6 Determination of GPR

It is necessary to compare the product of IG and Rg or GPR to the tolerable touch

potential, Etouch70
GPR = IG.Rg
= 2665.956827 Volts
 EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR 33/11kV SWITCHYARD OF JUNPUKUR SUBSTATION

GROUNDING DESIGN CALCULATION

4.7 Determination of Mess Voltage (Em)

Using Equation (80) of IEEE Std 80-1986

Em = r.Km.Ki.IG / Lm
Where,
r = Resistivity of soil in ohm-m = 15.257
IG = Maximum grid current in Amp, = 14000
Lm = Length of buried conductors in meters for mesh voltage cal = Lg +1.15xLR = 774.7
Ki = Irregularity factor (Correction factor for grid geometry)
= 0.656 + 0.172n n = sqrt (NX.NY) = 7.93725393
= 2.021207677
Km = Spacing factor for mesh voltage
= 1/2p[ln(D^2/16.h.d)+{(D+2.h)^2/8.D.d} - h/4.d]+(Kii/Kh)ln[8/p(2.n - 1)]
Here,
D = Spacing of grid conductor in meter = 5.5
h = Depth of grid burrial in meter = 0.6
d = Equivalent diameter of conductor in m = 0.028
Kii = Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductors in the corner mesh
= 1
Kh = Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effects of grid depth
= sqrt {1 + (h / ho)} ho = Grid reference depth = 1 mtr.
= 1.264911064
Km = 0.568828628
Hence,
Em = 316.9976267 Volts

4.8 Determination of Step Voltage (Es)

Using Equation (92) of IEEE Std 80-1986

Es = r.Ks.Ki.IG / Ls
Where,
r = Resistivity of soil in ohm-m = 15.257
IG = Maximum grid current in Amp, = 14000
Ls = Length of buried conductors in meters for mesh voltage cal = Lg +1.15xLR = 774.7
Ki = Irregularity factor (Correction factor for grid geometry) = 2.02120768
Ks = Spacing factor for step voltage
= 1/p[1/2.h + 1/(D + h) + (1/D)*{1- 0.5^(n - 2)}]
= 0.374560111
Hence,
Es = 208.7353911 Volts

The calculated step voltage is less than tolerable step voltage. Hence, the grid design is correct.
The calculated touch voltage is less than tolerable touch voltage. Hence grid design is correct.

Hence, Grid Design is OK.