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A Criminal Database System to Enhance National Security

Article · December 2017

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 https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcsia.v25i2.14

THE JOURNAL OF COMPUTER

SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Vol. 25, No 2 December 2018

A CRIMINAL DATABASE SYSTEM TO ENHANCE

NATIONAL SECURITY

Adigun, A.A.1*, Folorunso, S. O.2, Uzoh, P.3,

1Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria

Email: fempej2013@gmail.com
2Department of Mathematical Sciences,
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria
Email: Sekinat.folorunso@oouagoiwoye.edu.ng
3OsunState University, Osogbo, Nigeria
Email: Patrick.ozoh@uniosun.edu.ng

ABSTRACT
National security refers to the security of a nation state, including its citizens, economy, and
institutions, and is regarded as a duty of government. Security is one of the major challenges
faced in Nigeria today as various types of crimes are committed on daily basis. Automatic
Identification of individuals is of utmost importance so as to be able to keep records of
crimes and the criminals involved. This can help in reducing crime rates as well as
mitigating digital terrorism across the country and assisting law enforcement agencies in the
world. The current method used in Nigeria in recording crimes and criminals involved is the
manual method which involved the use of biro and paper. This method is not very effective
as it could be misplaced, destroyed by pest, manipulated by unauthorized individuals, etc.
This paper therefore aims to design a Criminal Database System that could help in
achieving National security in Nigeria. This can help in reducing crime rates as well as
mitigating evidence fraud across the country and assisting law enforcement agencies in the
world.

Keywords: Criminals, Criminal Database Systems, Evidence, National Security, Nigeria.

1.0 INTRODUCTION security, and cyber security. These

The National security refers to the security
of a nation state, including its citizens,
economy, and institutions, and is regarded as
a duty of government. National security has
several dimensions, including economic
security, energy security, physical security,
environmental security, food security, border
dimensions correlate closely with elements
of national power. National security is
associated primarily with managing physical
threats and with the military capabilities
used for doing so [1]–[3]. Some researchers
have argued that national security depends
on political security and the equitability of

176
 A Criminal Database System to Enhance National Security
Adigun, A.A., Folorunso, S. O., Uzoh, P.
the international order [4]. Environmental
security refers to the integrity of ecosystems
and the biosphere, particularly in relation to
their capacity to sustain a diversity of life-
forms including human life. The security of
ecosystems has attracted greater attention as
the impact of ecological damage by humans
has grown [5]. A National Database is an
important aspect of National security that
helps local, regional, national and
international security in serving the country
and people in the nation. The total of
125,790 crime cases were reported within
the year 2016 from the 36 states of Nigeria,
with Lagos contributing 45,385 (36.08%),
Abuja 13,181 (10.48%) and Delta 7,867
(6.25%) crime cases. In 2017, the total of
134,663 cases was reported. Offence against
property has the highest number of cases
reported with 68,579, offence against
persons recorded 53,641 while offence
against lawful authority recorded the least
with 12,443. Lagos State has the highest
percentage share of total cases reported with
50,975 (37.9%), Abia and Delta State with
12,408(9.2%) and 7,150(5.3%) cases
recorded respectively. Kebbi State has the
lowest percentage share of total cases
reported with 205(0.2%). Kogi and Bauchi
States followed with 282(0.20%) and
386(0.30%) cases recorded respectively.
Criminal database plays an important role in
criminal section of national security. The
police rightly have the powers to collect
information during criminal investigations
and use this evidence in court. Everyone is
affected by crime if not directly, then
indirectly, through the greater security
measures that they have to take or pay for
and through the terribly negative effects that
crime has on everyone's psyche.
In today’s world of advancing technologies,
more and more information is being
generated, stored and distributed by
electronic means. This requires many
agencies to increase the use of digital
evidence gathering as a frequent or standard
tool in their fight against crime. On average,
criminal database has a large net probative
effect —it helps identify suspects (as
177
designed). In other words, profiled offenders
continue to commit new offenses, but are
caught much more often than those not in the
database. Security operatives sometime
mistakenly accuse innocent people instead of
criminals, illegally charge innocent citizen
with no prior offence, and some cases unable
to state the right offence of the criminal(s).
The more valid information is available, the
less difficult it is to cover up one's tracks
state official or not [6]. This work is aimed
at developing a Criminal National Database
that can help in national security by
identifying repeated offenders, potential
threats, etc.
2.0 RELATED WORKS
In this section, existing systems that are
closely related to the proposed system are
analyzed.
[7]designed and implemented a biometrics
based crime investigation system for the
Nigerian Police Force (NPF). The software
was designed using Visual BASIC
programming language. Fingerprints patterns
were used to uniquely identify individuals
which helped in controlling redundancy
within the system.
[8]designed an implemented a computerized
real time (CRMS) for the Nigerian Police
Force (NPF). The waterfall model of system
development was adopted while designing
and implementing the system. The interface
of the system was designed using Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML), while PHP and
MySQL were used to design and implement
the database.
[9]developed a Central National Database
based on Entity Relational data model for
the unique identification of a person. In
order to identify each person individually
and uniquely, the authors adopted the use of
a unique code called the National Security
Code. The authors also highlighted and
discussed the challenges and prospects of
creating a Central National Database in
Nigeria.
3.0 SYSTEM DESIGN
The Criminal Database System was
The Journal of Computer Science and its Applications
developed with the primary purpose of easy
identification of criminals and related cases
so as to improve security of citizens and that
of the nation as well. The system was
designed using web design technologies;
which are PHP, JavaScript, CSS and HTML.
The database was designed using the
MySQL database management system. This
system was deployed in the Tomcat server
using the WAMP package. Each of the web
pages were first design and coded before
been linked together. The images used as test
data were edited using CorelDraw. The
waterfall development approach was
adopted. This model allowed each stage to
be completed and successfully tested before
moving on to the development of the next
stage. The website contents were first
USER
CLOUD COMPUTING
SYSTEM
Fig. 1: Architectural diagram of the developed system.
178
Vol. 25 No 2, December 2018
developed and adequately tested using the
unit testing approach. The database was
developed to allow collection of digital
evidences gathered by the criminal
investigator. The database was integrated
with the developed website content and
sanity check was conducted to ensure data
integrity.
Fig. 1 shows the architectural framework
overviewing the functionality of the National
security database in the cloud computing
system and Fig. 2 explains the algorithmic
movement of the user interface design with
the PHP code as web-based interface viewed
with browser. The use case diagram of the
system was depicted in Fig. 3.
A Criminal Database System to Enhance National Security
Adigun, A.A., Folorunso, S. O., Uzoh, P.

Fig. 2: Flowchart of the developed system

179
The Journal of Computer Science and its Applications
Fig. 3: Use Case diagram of the developed system.
4.0 IMPLEMENTATION
The developed system allows user submit
registration data as the point of registration.
These data are validated from the client’s
side (web browser) to ensure that data
integrity is preserved. Individual’s name,
Alias, Mobile number, associated mobile
number of close relatives and associates,
address (home and business), Date and place
of birth, Country of citizenship, Citizenship
status, Gender, Telephone number(s), E-mail
address, Place of employment and
employment history, Family lineage, Civil or
criminal history information, facial image,
fingerprints and signature are collected at the
point of registration. Upon successful
registration, admin can login to view details
180
Vol. 25 No 2, December 2018
and update criminal record of suspected
criminals based on evidence gathered. This
system allows easy access to these records
and can use details of suspected criminals to
verify and conclude and gather evidences
criminal investigations. For example,
fingerprints from crime scenes can be run on
the database to identify print owner. Also,
facial recognition could be used to determine
personal details. Figures below are
screenshots from the developed system. Fig.
4 shows the registration page, Fig. 5 shows
the page where further details will be
provided. Fig. 6 shows the login page for the
admin where details can be checked and
digital evidence be crossed checked.
A Criminal Database System to Enhance National Security
Adigun, A.A., Folorunso, S. O., Uzoh, P.

Fig. 4: Registration page of the developed system.

Fig. 5: Page to collect further information.

181
The Journal of Computer Science and its Applications
Fig. 6: login page for the criminal investigator.
[2]
5.0 CONCLUSION
National security database plays an
important role in criminal section. The [3]
database system needs to continue evolving
to reflect changes in the national security [4]
and its policies. The National Database of
National security is an integral part of a
network that links local, regional, national [5]
and international security in serving the
country and people in the nation. This paper
has explored a method of reducing pressure
on security service officers and those with [6]
power to abuse it. With available valid
information, it makes it less difficult to cover
up one's tracks; state official or not, and
perhaps enabling reduction in crime rate and
thus save governments’ resources. National [7]
security DB provides a form of security that
anyone with a need to identify, locate and
obtain data can work with.
6.0 REFERENCES
[8]
[1] S. Government, “The National
Security Strategy: Sharing a common
project,” 2013.
182
Vol. 25 No 2, December 2018
UKCabinetOffice, “National Security
Strategy and Strategic Defence and
Security Review,” 2015.
USWhiteHouse, “National Security
Strategy,” 2015.
P. Rogers, Losing control : global
security in the twenty-first century,
3rd ed. London: Pluto Press, 2010.
UnitedNationsGeneralAssembly,
“Resolution adopted by the General
Assembly on 20 December 2010,”
2010.
D. Fowora, O. Kalesanwo, O.
Awodele, and V. Joshua,
“Implications of Over-The-Top ( OTT
) Services on National Security,” vol.
8, no. 9, pp. 15–21, 2017.
A. Falaye, N. Adama, and F.
Agemerien, “Design And
Implementation Of Crime
Investigation System Using Biometric
Approach,” Pacific J. Sci. Technol.,
vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 242–253, 2013.
O. Awodele, E. Onuiri, O. Olaore, O.
Sowunmi, and A. Ugo-Ezeaba, “A
Real-Time Crime Records
Management System For National
 A Criminal Database System to Enhance National Security
Adigun, A.A., Folorunso, S. O., Uzoh, P.

Security Agencies,” Eur. J. Comput.

Sci. Inf. Technol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–
12, 2015.
[9] J. Onakoya, F. Adebayo, and O.
Owolabi, “Creation of Central
National Database in Nigeria:
Challenges and Prospects,” Inf.
Knowl. Manag., vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 6–
13, 2013.

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