MAPS CÓ SỰ THAY ĐỔI THEO THỜI GIAN

Maps có 02 loại:
- Maps có sự thay đổi theo thời gian
- Maps so sánh 2 bản kế hoạch
TỪ VỰNG CHỈ HƯỚNG

CẤU TRÚC BÀI VIẾT:

• Introduction (1 sentence)
• Overview (1- 2 sentences)
• Body 1
• Body 2
8 CẤU TRÚC QUAN TRỌNG CẦN NHỚ

CẤU TRÚC CHỈ HƯỚNG- ĐỊA ĐIỂM

• In the northwest corner/area of the city….
• To the south of the river…
• The school was located/ situated in the northwest corner of the city
• There was an airport to the south of the lake.

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 • NOTE: CHÚ Ý CÁCH DÙNG “IN” VÀ “TO”
- “TO” the north..: khi vật thể miêu tả ở bên ngoài
- “IN” the north: khi vật thể miêu tả ở bên trong
CẤU TRÚC CHỈ SỰ PHÁ BỎ
• The school was demolished/ knocked down (buildings)
• All the trees were cut down/ chopped down ( trees)
• The airport disappeared
• The forest was chopped down and replaced with farmland.
CẤU TRÚC CHỈ SỰ XÂY MỚI/ KIẾN TẠO LẠI
• Skyscrapers were built/ constructed/ erected
• A park appeared/ emerged
• There was a construction of a new hospital
• The pier was reconstructed over the river.
CẤU TRÚC CHỈ SỰ THAY THẾ
• The airport was demolished to make way for/ make room for a new hospital
• All the trees were replaced by a stadium
• A stadium was built and replaced all the trees
• Shops were removed and replaced with a department store.
CẤU TRÚC CHỈ SỰ MỞ RỘNG, KÉO DÀI
• The car park near the river was expanded/ widened/ extended
• The road was extended, and the bridge was expanded
• The school became bigger
• The railway was lengthened
CẤU TRÚC CHỈ SỰ THU NHỎ, RÚT NGẮN
• The school was narrowed
• The car park became smaller
• The railway was shortened
CẤU TRÚC CHỈ SỰ DI CHUYỂN
• The stadium was removed/ relocated to the north
• There was a removal/ relocation of the stadium
CẤU TRÚC CHỈ SỰ GIỮ NGUYÊN

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 • The airport still remained/ existed
• The hospital stayed intact.
Note: sometimes, the active voice could also be integrated
- They developed a park along the river
- They have set up a golf course next to the restaurant
- They converted the cinema into a pub

STRUCTURES OF A MAP REPORT

INTRO:
The ….map(s )illustrate(s)/ present(s)/ show(s)….(paraphrase the given topic)

Overview:
- Focus on some noticeable changes between two maps or the only given map’s
main features in a general way
E.g:
- the map has become residential or industrial ?
- the area has significant developments of some kind?

Templates:
- From 1990 to 2015, the city center witnessed significant developments.
- The town was modernized considerably over the period.
- During the 20 years, the residential area was completely transformed.
- Between 1995 and 2000, the industrial area was reconstructed.
- The area lost a massive portion of its greenspace due to deforestation.

Body: divide the body into 2 paragraphs according to specific types of maps

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EXAMPLE:

Example:

The maps illustrate the developments that occurred at West Park Secondary School
during a 60-year period from 1950 to 2010

It is clear that the biggest change that happened at the school was the construction of a
car park. Additionally, houses and farmland had completely disappeared by 2010.

In 1950, the school was quite small, and it was located to the south of the main road.
There were residential houses in the northwest corner, but those houses were
demolished in 1980 to make way for a car park and a science block. Farmland was also
destroyed and replaced by a sports field, while the playground in the southeast area still

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existed.

From 1980 to 2010, the car park was dramatically extended, and the sports filed was
moved a little to the east, forcing the playground to become smaller. Meanwhile, the
science bock and the main building of the school still remained close to the main road.

LƯU Ý VỀ DẠNG BÀI MAPS:

• Ở cấu trúc số 1 (Cấu trúc chỉ hướng - địa điểm), ngoài việc mô tả hướng đông - tây
- nam - bắc, chúng ta cũng có thể mô tả vị trí gần cái này, gần cái kia chứ không
nhất thiết lúc nào cũng phải nói hướng.
• Cấu trúc mô tả vị trí tương đương
 In close proximity to….( close to/ next to…) = to be adjacent to……
 Directly opposite….
 Surrounded by…..
 Parallel to….
• Thông thường, các dạng bài Map thay đổi qua thời gian sẽ chỉ có 2 năm thay vì
3 năm như bài mẫu. Với những bài này, chúng ta sẽ chia bản đồ ra làm 2 phần,
và mỗi body mô tả những chi tiết thay đổi trong 1 phần.

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DẠNG BÀI MAPS SO SÁNH 2 PHƯƠNG ÁN
Một số chiến thuật khi làm dạng bài này:
 Đừng bao giờ mô tả hết plan A rồi lại mô tả đến plan B. Phải mô tả 2 plan
cùng 1 lúc, so sánh sự khác nhau giữa từng chi tiết của 2 plan.
 Dùng các cụm từ so sánh: while, whereas, meanwhile, however…
 Các bạn sẽ phải so sánh sự khác nhau của cùng 1 chi tiết trong 2 cái plan, vì
vậy khả năng bị lặp từ là rất cao. Thế nên cần cố gắng paraphrase từ/cụm từ
để tránh bị lặp:
+ accommodate up to 10 people -> has a capacity of nearly 20
+ chairs -> seats
+ to be placed -> to be put / to be located / situated...
+ morning tea is served at… -> it can be found in…