See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/367279905

Composition and luminescence properties of highly robust green-emitting

LuAG:Ce/Al2O3 composite phosphor ceramics for high-power solid-state
lighting

Article in Journal of Advanced Ceramics · January 2023

DOI: 10.26599/JAC.2023.9220710

CITATIONS READS

5 98

11 authors, including:

Alisa Liu Jian Xu

Chinese Academy of Sciences Henan Polytechnic University
48 PUBLICATIONS 578 CITATIONS 54 PUBLICATIONS 629 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Yanbin Wang
Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
6 PUBLICATIONS 12 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Transparent ceramics View project

Magneto-optical ceramics View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Ziqiu Cheng on 09 March 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Journal of Advanced Ceramics
2023, 12(3): 625–633 ISSN 2226-4108
https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220710 CN 10-1154/TQ
Research Article

Composition and luminescence properties of highly robust

green-emitting LuAG:Ce/Al2O3 composite phosphor
ceramics for high-power solid-state lighting

Ziqiu Chenga,b, Xin Liua,b, Xinrong Chenc, Jian Xuc,*, Yanbin Wanga,d, Tengfei Xiea,b,
Lexiang Wua,b, Zhengfa Daia,b, Guohong Zhoua,b, Jun Zoue,f, Jiang Lia,b,*
a
Transparent Ceramics Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
b
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
c
Lab of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Information,
Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
d
School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
e
Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
f
Institute of New Materials & Industrial Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325024, China

Received: November 13, 2022; Revised: December 20, 2022; Accepted: December 21, 2022
© The Author(s) 2022.

Abstract: The major advantage of laser lighting over white light-emitting-diode is the possibility to
achieve ultra-high luminance. However, phosphors usually suffer laser-induced luminescence
saturation, which limits the peak luminance of laser lighting devices. The aim of the present study is
to develop LuAG:Ce/Al2O3 composite ceramics (LACCs) with a high saturation threshold for
high-luminance laser lighting. Owning to the rigid crystal structure, proper synthetic process, and
optimized thermal design, the LACCs possess small thermal quenching (16% loss in luminescence at
225 ℃), high quantum yield (> 95%), and excellent luminescence properties. When the LACCs are
irradiated by blue laser diodes in a reflection mode, a high luminous flux of 4634 lm and luminous
efficacy of 283 lm·W−1 are realized. Furthermore, they show no sign of luminescence saturation even
when the power density reaches 20.5 W·mm−2. With these favorable properties, the designed LACCs
show great potential in high-luminance laser lighting.
Keywords: LuAG:Ce/Al2O3 composite ceramics (LACCs); luminescence saturation; luminous efficacy;
high-luminance laser lighting

* Corresponding authors.
E-mail: J. Xu, xujian@hpu.edu.cn;
J. Li, lijiang@mail.sic.ac.cn
626
1 Introduction
Solid-state lighting (SSL) devices are environmentally
friendly lighting sources that have developed rapidly
during the last two decades due to the advantages of
high brightness, high efficiency, long lifetime, and
compactness, showing great potential in the applications
of high brightness lighting, display, and projection
[1–3]. Among several ways of producing white light,
the combination of blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs)/
laser diodes (LDs) and phosphor converter is the most
commonly used and successful to generate white light
[4–6].
As we all know, the operating temperature of core
devices in high-power white LEDs/LDs can reach up
to 200 ℃, which places high demands on the thermal
performance of color converter [7–10]. Currently, the
main phosphor converters used in commercial white
LEDs are manufactured by mixing YAG:Ce phosphor
powders and silicone resins [11,12]. However, they are
subject to yellowing and aging problems at high
excitation power density, resulting in reduced luminous
efficacy and color drift. To solve the problem,
phosphor-in-glass (PiG) obtained by incorporating
YAG:Ce powders into glass has been developed as a
new color converter with high thermal conductivity
(~1.17 W·m−1·K−1) [13–17]. As an alternative, YAG:Ce
ceramics are gaining increasing interest for their high
thermal conductivity (5–8 W·m−1·K−1) and homogeneity
[18–20]. Due to the robust material properties of
phosphor ceramics, they can produce high-brightness
white light under high-power density LEDs/LDs
irradiation without obvious thermal quenching.
A variety of factors, such as the concentration and
distribution of activated ions in phosphor ceramics,
porosity, secondary phase, and even grain size can
affect the luminescence properties [21–23]. To increase
the transmission path of incident blue light and thus
increase the absorption of blue light, various secondary
phases such as Al2O3, MgAl2O4, ZrO2, and
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 have been attempted to be incorporated
into YAG:Ce phosphor ceramics as optical scattering
centers to prepare composite phosphor ceramics for
increasing the luminous efficacy of phosphor converters
[24–27]. Among them, Al2O3 has been chosen as an
efficient optical scattering center because of its high
thermal conductivity and well-matching with YAG:Ce,
which can enhance the thermal conductivity of color
converters, increase the thermal stability, and further
J Adv Ceram 2023, 12(3): 625–633
enhance their luminescence saturation performance.
In contrast to YAG:Ce, LuAG:Ce ceramics have
higher thermal conductivity and thermal quenching,
which can quickly dissipate the accumulated heat and
extend the service life of lighting devices [28–32].
Doping Ce3+ in LuAG ceramics can obtain green light
emission.
Inspired by the design of YAG:Ce/Al2O3 composite
phosphor ceramics, a series of LuAG:Ce/Al2O3 composite
ceramics (LACCs) were prepared. The synthetic technique
of LACCs was performed. The thermal performance
was investigated and the optical properties such as
luminous flux, luminous efficacy, color coordinates,
and correlated color temperature (CCT) by combining
LACCs with blue LEDs and LDs were measured.
2 Experimental
2. 1 Synthesis method
Commercial Lu2O3 (99.995%, Shanghai Jingyun Material
Technology Co., Ltd., China), α-Al2O3 (99.99%, Fenghe
Ceramic Co., Ltd., China), and CeO2 (99.995%, Fujian
Changting Golden Dragon Co., Ltd., China) were used
as raw materials. LuAG:Ce/Al2O3 composite phosphor
ceramics with different Al2O3 contents were fabricated
by the solid-state reaction and vacuum sintering
method. An amount of 0.5 wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate
(TEOS) was added as the sintering additive. The Ce
concentration was fixed at 0.3 at%, and the weight
ratio of Al2O3 to LuAG:Ce/Al2O3 was in the range of
0–70 wt%. The raw materials were weighed according
to the stoichiometric composition of composite ceramics.
The powder mixture of raw materials and alumina
balls in a weight ratio of 1 : 3 were milled for 12 h
with ethanol as a dispersant. Then, they were dried in
air at 70 ℃ for 2 h, sieved through a 200-mesh screen,
and calcined in air at 600 ℃ for 4 h. The calcined
powder mixture was pressed into disks with a diameter
of 18 mm at 20 MPa and then further compacted by
cold-isostatic-pressing (CIP) at 250 MPa for 3 min.
The disks were sintered in a vacuum furnace at 1750 ℃
for 10 h and annealed at 1450 ℃ for 10 h in air.
Eventually, the composite ceramics were double-surface
polished to 0.6 and 1 mm for further measurements.
2. 2 Characterization
The FESEM micrographs were obtained by a high-
J Adv Ceram 2023, 12(3): 625–633
resolution field-emission scanning electron microscope
(FESEM; SU8220, Hitachi, Japan) equipped with an
energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS). The total
transmittance of LACCs with a thickness of 0.6 mm
over the wavelength range from 200 to 800 nm was
tested by a UV–VIS spectrophotometer (Cary 5000,
Varian Medical System Inc., Palo Alto, USA). The
internal quantum efficiency was measured by a
spectroradiometer system, which consists of a 450 nm
blue laser diode and an integrating sphere. The
photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation
(PLE) spectra were obtained using a steady state and
transient state fluorescence spectrofluorometer (Edinburgh,
FLS1000, UK) equipped with an integrating sphere.
The temperature-dependent PL and PLE spectra in the
temperature range from 25 to 225 ℃ were collected
by a fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi, F-4600,
Japan) equipped with a 150 W xenon lamp as the
excitation source. The thermal conductivity was
calculated by the formula κ = α·cp·ρ, where α, cp, and ρ
are the thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and density,
respectively. The thermal diffusivity was recorded by a
laser flash apparatus (LFA467, Netzsch, Germany).
The specific heat was measured by a high-temperature
specific heat meter (MHTC96, Setaram, France). The
bulk densities of these composite ceramics were tested
by the Archimedes principle. The optical properties of
LACCs under LEDs/LDs excitation were measured
using a spectroradiometer with an integrating sphere
(HASS-2000, Hangzhou, China). The laser spot area
was adjusted to 0.8 mm2 by a lens system.
3 Results and discussion
Figure 1(a) shows the photograph of LACCs with
different Al2O3 contents. The optical transmittance of
Fig. 1 (a) Photograph and (b) total transmittance of LACCs with different Al2O3 contents.
627
composite ceramics gradually decreases with the
increase of Al2O3 content. As plotted in Fig. 1(b), the
LuAG:Ce ceramic phosphor has the highest transmittance
of 82%. The total transmittance of LACCs is
approximately 40%. The absorption peaks at 360 and
460 nm for all ceramic samples correspond to the 4f→5d2
and 4f→5d1 transitions of Ce3+, respectively.
Figure 2 shows the FESEM micrographs of LACCs
with different Al2O3 contents. Based on the imaging
principle of the backscattered electron image, bright
and dark grains can be identified as LuAG:Ce and
Al2O3. No secondary phase can be observed in the
LuAG:Ce ceramic phosphor, but some pores can be
found at grain boundaries. The existence of pores can
alter the path of incident blue light, increasing the
absorption efficiency and thus the luminous efficacy.
In composite ceramics, the Al2O3 particles are
uniformly dispersed in the LuAG:Ce matrix. With the
gradual increase of Al2O3 content, the Al2O3 phase in
the FESEM micrographs gradually changes from a
dispersed phase to a continuous phase. The composite
ceramic phosphor with an Al2O3 content of 50 wt%
was selected for elemental surface scanning (Fig. 3).
The darker area has a higher content of both Al and O,
while the brighter part has a higher content of Lu,
which is consistent with the above results.
The quantum efficiency can accurately evaluate the
luminescence properties of luminescent materials. The
internal quantum efficiency is the ratio between the
number of photons converted by the luminescent
material and the number of incident photons. As shown
in Fig. 4(a), the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of
composite phosphor ceramics roughly shows a slightly
increasing trend. This is because the increase of Al2O3
content increases the light propagation path of incident
blue light in the composite ceramics. The multiple
scattering of blue light increases the conversion
628 J Adv Ceram 2023, 12(3): 625–633

Fig. 2 FESEM micrographs of LACCs with Al2O3 contents of (a) 0 wt%, (b) 20 wt%, (c) 40 wt%, (d) 50 wt%, (e) 60 wt%, and
(f) 70 wt%.

Fig. 3 (a) Local FESEM micrograph of 50 wt% LACCs and the corresponding elemental mappings of (b) Al, (c) Lu, and
(d) O elements.

efficiency to yellow light, leading to the increase of
IQE. Figure 4(b) shows the PL/PLE spectra of LACCs
with different Al2O3 contents tested by an integrating
sphere. The PL intensity of composite ceramics initially
increases and then decreases with increasing Al2O3
content, reaching the maximum value at an Al2O3
content of 40 wt%. The secondary phase optical scattering
centers play a vital role in enhancing the total light
emission by multiple scattering of incident blue light
and increasing the conversion efficiency [33]. However,
as the amount of Al2O3 continues to increase, there is a
decrease in the emission intensity because of the
decrease of Ce3+ luminescent centers in the same
volume of the ceramics.
Thermal stability is one of the key properties of
color converters and their applications in high-power
and high-brightness LEDs/LDs lighting. Figure 4(c)
shows the temperature-dependent PL spectra of LACCs
J Adv Ceram 2023, 12(3): 625–633
with the Al2O3 content of 50 wt%. Under 450 nm blue
light excitation, the emission band of the ceramic
phosphor appears in the 475–600 nm range with a peak
around 510 nm. As the reabsorption of the short
wavelength portion of the emitted light increases with
increasing temperature, the position of its emission
peak gradually shifts towards the long wavelength.
When the temperature increases from 25 to 225 ℃,
the luminous intensity of the ceramic phosphor
decreases to 84% of that at room temperature, indicating
that it is thermally stable and expected to work at
higher excitation power density. Using the ratio of the
integrated PL intensity at high temperature to that at
room temperature as a parameter to measure the
thermal stability performance of composite phosphor
ceramics, it can be found that the LACCs have better
thermal stability than LuAG:Ce ceramics at high
temperature (Fig. 4(d)). The thermal conductivity is a
vital parameter for high-power solid-state lighting
applications, determining the reliability of the laser
device. The thermal conductivity was investigated to
evaluate the thermal performance of LACCs. As shown
in Fig. 4(e), the thermal conductivity of LACCs
generally decreases with increasing temperature due to
the thermal quenching effect. It is 13.6 W·m−1·K−1 at
25 ℃ for the samples consisting of 50 wt% Al2O3,
which is higher than 11.1 W·m−1·K−1 for LuAG:Ce.
Fig. 4 (a) Internal quantum efficiency and (b) PL/PLE spectra of LACCs with different Al2O3 contents. (c) Temperature-
dependent PL spectra of 50 wt% LACCs. (d) Thermal stability and (e) thermal conductivity of LuAG:Ce and 50 wt% LACCs
with increasing temperature.
629
Due to the addition of Al2O3, the appearance of some
pores in the ceramics negatively impacts the heat
dissipation capacity, resulting in the thermal conductivity
of LuAG:Ce and LACCs being relatively close at high
temperatures. However, the positive effect of Al2O3 on
the thermal conductivity outweighs the negative effect
of pores, so the thermal conductivity of LACCs is
higher than that of Al2O3-free LuAG:Ce ceramics at
temperatures ranging from 25 to 225 ℃.
Figure 5 shows the electroluminescence (EL) spectra
of LACCs with different Al2O3 contents combined
with 450 nm blue chip-on-board (COB) LEDs. When
the LACCs have low Al2O3 content and high
transmittance, the absorption of the excited blue light
is strong due to the higher Ce3+ concentration. As the
Al2O3 content increases, the transmitted blue light
component in the final spectrum increases, which
means that more blue light can participate in the
composition of the spectrum, making it more suitable
for green lighting.
The luminescence properties of LEDs based on
LACCs are listed in Table 1. The luminous flux and
luminous efficacy of composite phosphor ceramics do
not change much when the Al2O3 content is less than
40 wt%, and the luminous efficacy is at a maximum of
155 lm·W−1 when the Al2 O3 content is 10 wt%.
Moreover, as the Al2O3 content increases, the CCT and
630 J Adv Ceram 2023, 12(3): 625–633

Fig. 5 EL spectra of LACCs with different Al2O3 contents under the excitation of blue COB LEDs.

Table 1 Luminescence properties of LACCs with To verify the performance of LACCs for high-power
different Al2O3 contents under the excitation of 450 nm
blue COB LEDs at 0.6 W
laser lighting applications, the luminescence properties
such as luminous flux, luminous efficacy, and EL
Al2O3 Luminous Color
content
Luminous
efficacy coordinate
CCT
CRI spectra of LACCs with a thickness of 1 mm were
flux (lm) (K)
(wt%) (lm·W−1) (x, y) measured in a reflection mode under 450 nm laser
0 200 147 (0.31, 0.51) 5907 46 excitation, where the composite ceramics were glued
10 209 155 (0.31, 0.52) 6026 43 to an aluminum heat sink. The luminous flux of
20 209 152 (0.31, 0.52) 6121 43 LACCs is plotted as a function of the incident blue
30 213 151 (0.43, 0.40) 6385 45 laser, as shown in Fig. 6(a). With the increase of
40 216 147 (0.29, 0.47) 6693 47 excitation power, the luminous flux of LACCs gradually
50 215 140 (0.28, 0.45) 7083 49 increases, and no obvious luminescence saturation
60 222 131 (0.26, 0.39) 8495 53 phenomenon occurs, which can be attributed to the fast
70 230 113 (0.23, 0.34) 16250 61 decay of Ce3+ (around 70 ns) and excellent thermal
conductivity of LACCs. A maximum luminous flux of
color rendering index (CRI) increase because the content 4634 lm is achieved under 16.4 W blue laser excitation
of Ce3+ luminescent centers in the composite phosphor at an Al2O3 content of 40 wt%. The luminous efficacy
ceramics decreases, thus decreasing the absorption of and EL spectra versus Al2O3 content are shown in Figs.
blue light. 6(b) and 6(c), respectively. The 40 wt% LACCs give a
J Adv Ceram 2023, 12(3): 625–633
Fig. 6 (a) Luminous flux of LACCs as a function of incident blue laser. (b) Luminous efficacy and (c) EL spectra of LACCs
under 16.4 W blue laser excitation. (d) Color temperature distribution of LuAG:Ce and 70 wt% LACCs.
maximum luminous efficacy of 283 lm·W−1, which is
enhanced by 22% compared to LuAG:Ce ceramics. All
the EL spectra have a broad emission peak in the range
of 500–650 nm and the emission intensity near 545 nm
reaches the highest value when the Al2O3 content is
40 wt%. As the LACCs have poor color rendering properties
for laser lighting, they can be further combined with
red phosphor to produce a composite phosphor and
tested in a reflection mode. As seen in Fig. 6(d), the
color temperature distribution of the single-phase ceramics
with a thickness of 0.6 mm is more uniform than that
of the composite ceramics, except for 0°, indicating that
the color temperature stability of the composite ceramics
needs to be further improved by structural design. The
color temperature of LuAG:Ce and 70 wt% LACCs is
greater than 10,000 K when the sensor angle is 0°,
which is caused by the strong reflection of incident
blue light on the surface of the polished ceramics.
4 Conclusions
To further meet the demand for green light sources in
high-power LEDs/LDs lighting, a series of LACCs
were prepared by the solid-state reaction and vacuum
631
sintering method. The addition of Al2O3 improves the
internal quantum efficiency and thermal stability of
LuAG:Ce ceramics. After combining LACCs with blue
COB LEDs, the luminous efficacy of the composite
phosphor ceramics with different Al2O3 contents does
not differ much due to the limited excitation power.
The luminous efficacy of LACCs is 230–283 lm·W−1
under high-power laser excitation and the luminous
flux continues to increase without showing luminescence
saturation, when the laser power increases from 1.0 to
16.4 W, indicating that the designed LuAG:Ce/Al2O3
composite ceramics can be used in high-power
LEDs/LDs lighting.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research
Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.
XDA22010301) and the key research project of the
frontier science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
(Grant No. QYZDB-SSW-JSC022).
Declaration of competing interest
The authors have no competing interests to declare that
632
are relevant to the content of this article.
References
[1] Bender VC, Marchesan TB, Alonso JM. Solid-state lighting:
A concise review of the state of the art on LED and OLED
modeling. IEEE Ind Electron Mag 2015, 9: 6–16.
[2] Rahman F. Diode laser-excited phosphor-converted light
sources: A review. Opt Eng 2022, 61: 060901.
[3] Yao Q, Hu P, Sun P, et al. YAG:Ce3+ transparent ceramic
phosphors brighten the next-generation laser-driven lighting.
Adv Mater 2020, 32: 1907888.
[4] Cho J, Park JH, Kim JK, et al. White light-emitting diodes:
History, progress, and future. Laser Photonics Rev 2017, 11:
1600147.
[5] Hye Oh J, Yang SJ, Rag Do Y. Healthy, natural, efficient
and tunable lighting: Four-package white LEDs for
optimizing the circadian effect, color quality and vision
performance. Light Sci Appl 2014, 3: e141.
[6] Nair GB, Swart HC, Dhoble SJ. A review on the
advancements in phosphor-converted light emitting diodes
(pc-LEDs): Phosphor synthesis, device fabrication and
characterization. Prog Mater Sci 2020, 109: 100622.
[7] Park JH, Kim DY, Schubert EF, et al. Fundamental
limitations of wide-bandgap semiconductors for light-
emitting diodes. ACS Energy Lett 2018, 3: 655–662.
[8] Pust P, Schmidt PJ, Schnick W. A revolution in lighting.
Nat Mater 2015, 14: 454–458.
[9] Azarifar M, Cengiz C, Arik M. Dynamic opto-electro-
thermal characterization of solid state lighting devices:
Measuring the power conversion efficiency at high current
densities. J Phys D: Appl Phys 2022, 55: 395103.
[10] Salimian A, Fern GR, Upadhyaya H, et al. Laser diode
induced lighting modules. ECS J Solid State Sci Technol
2016, 5: R26–R33.
[11] Ling JR, Zhou YF, Xu WT, et al. Red-emitting YAG:Ce,
Mn transparent ceramics for warm WLEDs application. J
Adv Ceram 2020, 9: 45–54.
[12] Jia J, Zhang AQ, Li DX, et al. Preparation and properties of
the flexible remote phosphor film for blue chip-based white
LED. Mater Des 2016, 102: 8–13.
[13] Chen DQ, Xiang WD, Liang XJ, et al. Advances in
transparent glass-ceramic phosphors for white light-
emitting diodes—A review. J Eur Ceram Soc 2015, 35:
859–869.
[14] Liu X, Qian XL, Zheng P, et al. Composition and structure
design of three-layered composite phosphors for high color
rendering chip-on-board light-emitting diode devices. J
Adv Ceram 2021, 10: 729–740.
[15] Zhang YH, Li DS, Zhao X, et al. Photon releasing of Dy3+
doped fluoroborate glasses for laser illumination. J Alloys
Compd 2017, 728: 1279–1288.
[16] Zhang R, Lin H, Yu YL, et al. A new-generation color
converter for high-power white LED: Transparent Ce3+:YAG
J Adv Ceram 2023, 12(3): 625–633
phosphor-in-glass. Laser Photonics Rev 2014, 8: 158–164.
[17] Li H, Wang P, Zhuo Y, et al. Mapping the glass forming
region and making their phosphor-in-glass for application
in W-LEDs packaging. J Am Ceram Soc 2020, 103:
5056–5066.
[18] Shi HL, Zhu C, Huang JQ, et al. Luminescence properties
of YAG:Ce,Gd phosphors synthesized under vacuum
condition and their white LED performances. Opt Mater
Express 2014, 4: 649–655.
[19] Song YH, Kwon SB, Jung MK, et al. Fabrication design for
a high-quality laser diode-based ceramic converter for a
laser headlamp application. Ceram Int 2018, 44: 1182–1186.
[20] Shen L, Li Y, Huang Q. Ultrafast fabrication of solid
phosphor based white light emitting diodes: From powder
synthesis to devices. Appl Phys Lett 2013, 103: 121908.
[21] Hu S, Lu CH, Zhou GH, et al. Transparent YAG:Ce ceramics
for WLEDs with high CRI: Ce3+ concentration and sample
thickness effects. Ceram Int 2016, 42: 6935–6941.
[22] Zheng P, Li SX, Wei R, et al. Unique design strategy for
laser-driven color converters enabling superhigh-luminance
and high-directionality white light. Laser Photonics Rev
2019, 13: 1900147.
[23] Li SX, Zhu QQ, Tang DM, et al. Al2O3–YAG:Ce composite
phosphor ceramic: A thermally robust and efficient color
converter for solid state laser lighting. J Mater Chem C
2016, 4: 8648–8654.
[24] Jiang RJ, Chen J, Tian YN, et al. Phase composition design
of high performance Al2O3-YAG:Ce ceramic phosphors for
high-power laser lighting. Opt Mater 2022, 133: 113014.
[25] Liu X, Qian XL, Zheng P, et al. Preparation and optical
properties of MgAl2O4-Ce:GdYAG composite ceramic
phosphors for white LEDs. J Eur Ceram Soc 2019, 39:
4965–4971.
[26] Chen J, Tang YR, Yi XZ, et al. A novel redshift mechanism
of Ce3+ emission in ZrO2-Ce:YAG composite phosphor
ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 2020, 40: 5852–5858.
[27] Huang P, Zhou BY, Zheng Q, et al. Nano wave plates
structuring and index matching in transparent hydroxyapatite-
YAG:Ce composite ceramics for high luminous efficiency
white light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater 2020, 32: e1905951.
[28] Zhang YL, Hu S, Wang ZJ, et al. Pore-existing Lu3Al5O12:Ce
ceramic phosphor: An efficient green color converter for
laser light source. J Lumin 2018, 197: 331–334.
[29] Lee MJ, Park SH, Song YH, et al. Fabrication of phosphor
ceramic plate using green-emitting Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor
for high power LEDs. Mater Lett 2015, 161: 708–711.
[30] Zhou TY, Hou C, Zhang L, et al. Efficient spectral
regulation in Ce:Lu3(Al,Cr)5O12 and Ce:Lu3(Al,Cr)5O12/
Ce:Y3Al5O12 transparent ceramics with high color rendering
index for high-power white LEDs/LDs. J Adv Ceram 2021,
10: 1107–1118.
[31] Kang TW, Park KW, Ryu JH, et al. Strong thermal stability
of Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ single crystal phosphor for laser lighting.
J Lumin 2017, 191: 35–39.
[32] Ding H, Liu ZH, Hu P, et al. High efficiency green-emitting
 J Adv Ceram 2023, 12(3): 625–633
LuAG:Ce ceramic phosphors for laser diode lighting. Adv
Optical Mater 2021, 9: 2002141.
[33] Xu J, Wang LJ, Gu W, et al. Emitting area limitation via
scattering control in phosphor film realizing high-
luminance laser lighting. J Eur Ceram Soc 2022, 42:
608–615.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or
format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original
View publication stats
633
author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative
Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are
included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless
indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is
not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your
intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds
the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly
from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/4.0/.