Republic of the Philippines

Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology

Naga City

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Course Title: General Microbiology

Course Code: FTECH 102

Professor: ARNEL S. JARDINEL, LPT, MAEdSc

Name of Student: DELLORO DANIEL, DELFINO KYLA MARIE, DELOS SANTOS VIMAR

Term: Second Semester 2023-2024

ACTIVITY: GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Introduction:

Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are among the world's most significant public health problems due to
their high resistance to antibiotics. These microorganisms have significant clinical importance in
hospitals because they put patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at high risk and lead to high
morbidity and mortality.[1][2] Two large groups, Enterobacteriaceae and the non-fermenters, are
responsible for most clinical isolates; nevertheless, other clinically concerning gram-negative organisms
exist, including but not limited to Neisseria, Haemophilus spp., Helicobacter pylori, and Chlamydia
trachomatis.

Objective:

To understand the characteristics and methods for identifying Gram- negative bacteria

Materials:

● Internet Access
● Books
● Paper Sheets
● Ballpen

Procedures:

1.Each student must need to read and understand the topic.

2.They will require time to search and study the topic to answer the activity.

Abstract:

Gram-negative bacteria may be rod-shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci), oval, helical, or filamentous.
Cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a cell wall consisting of a peptidoglycan layer and an outer
cell membrane. Gram-negative bacteria are widely distributed in the natural environment. They are
commensals with many animals and play a vital role in normal human physiology as intestinal
commensals. Gram-negative bacteria are the cause of various human illnesses. The gram-negative
bacterial cell wall contains various lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Endotoxins trigger intense
inflammation and the sepsis syndrome during infection. Specific species of gram-negative bacteria
such as Neisseria meningitides, Moraxella catarrhalis, Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Klebsiella pneumonia,
Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenza are reviewed.

Activity:

1.Identify and characterize a specific gram-negative bacterial species, including it’s habitat, morphology
and pathogenic potential.

2.Provide examples of gram-negative bacteria commonly found in various environments,

including soil, water, and the human body.

Reference:

https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks
%2FNBK538213%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1YcyUreCQ2o-
798oMZgRe7orFhGTOJG9IvFdEwoe9hbGXH3EqmTlS7vqE_aem_AUonOchqRbq7qIC0GuctoV-
5QYoLRe7F6XbnzkP7iPQ2cnuX6PBHLtux1Te8TblbY0W_jv-
tb2qCYGy0ep7KEqg2&h=AT1bw_20TrbSYXtnxAGcN4LkPDZRiaF1Vw1TRWabubI6mWbstGA3wFxlofi
6dUsJf6RPCwK8R2QOwiXuBxQ_U6IQLCsCPjgKTM-t0NVRo8PO9FkzOype7MlvNGQEHHu9AGzCwA

https://www.bing.com/search?q=specific+gram+negative+bacterial+species&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-
1&lq=1&pq=specific+gram+negative+bacterial+spec&sc=2-
37&sk=&cvid=1D393C0CEB404E0AAAACCF98E2FABB72&ghsh=0&ghacc=0&ghpl=&showconv=0#:~
:text=%2D%20Oxford%20Academic-,academic.oup.com/book/35461/chapter/303494535,-How%20are
%20they