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tja`nbktjt`po`h sjljaufhy`. Sja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h fjrup`o`h l`dk`h b`rk
khtj
khtjdr
dr`a
`a b`rk
b`rk pja`
pja`y`
y`h`
h`h
h ojsj
ojsjn`
n`t`
t`h
h y`
y`hd
hd lj
ljrm
rmgo
gous
us p`
p`b`
b` pja`
pja`y`
y`h`
h`h
h
ojsjn`t`hpjrjfpu`h, l`yk l`ru a`nkr b`h `h`o l`akt`. Sja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h
`b`a`n
`b`a`n su`tu
su`tu ljhtuo
ljhtuo pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h prgmjs
prgmjsskg
skgh`a
h`a y`hd
y`hd fjrup`
fjrup`o`h
o`h l`dk`h
l`dk`h
khtjdr
khtjdr`a
`a b`r
b`rkk skstjf
skstjf pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h ojsjn`
ojsjn`t`n
t`n`h
`h y`hd
y`hd bkljrk
bkljrko`h
o`h b`rk
b`rk lkb`h
lkb`h
sji`r` f`hbkrk, oga`lgr`sk, b`h/`t`u rueuo`h.
F`h`ejfjh pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h `b`a`n su`tu fjtgbj pjhd`tur`h,
pjhdgrd`hks`sk`h pkokr`h b`h tkhb`o`h b`a`f su`tu urut`h y`hd agdks b`h
fjhduhtuh
fjhduhtuhdo`h
do`h l`dk p`skjh f`upuh lkb`h.
lkb`h. B`a`f pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h,
ojlkb`h`h,
f`h`ejfjh
f`h`ejfjh `b`a`n prgsjs pja`os`h``h
pja`os`h``h pjfljrk`h
pjfljrk`h pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h
uh
uhtu
tuo
o fjfl
fjfljrk
jrko`
o`h
h `sun`
`sun`h
h oj
ojlk
lkb`
b`h`
h`h
h oj
ojp`
p`b`
b` oa
oakj
kjh
h bj
bjhd
hd`h
`h tu
tueu
eu`h
`h
fjhikpt`o`h ojsje`ntjr``h l`dk klu b`h `h`o, ojpu`s`h pja`hdd`h b`h
ojpu`s`h lkb`h sjl`d`k prgvkbjr.<
<. Ogfpghjh Sja`y`h`h Ojlkb`h`h
M`otgr pgogo y`hd ljrpjr`h pjhtkhd b`a`f fjhjtuo`h ojljrn`ska`h
f`h`ejfjh ojlkb`h`h, y`ktu5 f`suo`h (khput
( khput), prgsjs (prgijss
prgijss),
), ojau`r
ojau`r`h
`h
(kfp`it).<
(gutput), s`s`r`h (t`rdjt) sjrt` b`fp`o (kfp`it
`. Khput
Khput (f`suo`h)
(f`suo`h) `b`a`n sjd`a` sjsu`tu yd bklutuno`
bklutuno`h
h uhtuo
uhtuo
b`p`t fja`os`h`o`h pjojre``h f`h`ejfjh. Khput ljrmgous p`b` skstjf
y`
y`hd
hd bkpj
bkpjrsk
rsk`p
`po`
o`h
h b`
b`a`
a`f
f gr
grd`
d`hk
hks`s
s`skk b`
b`rk
rk fjhj
fjhjejf
ejfjh
jh tj
tjrf
rf`su
`suo
o
ogfktfjh, b`h st`ojngabjr a`khhy`, prgsjbur sjrt` ojlke`o`h s`r`h`
b`h pr`s`r`h` m`skakt`s bkf`h` pja`y`h`h bkljrko`h.2
Khput (st
(struo
ruotur
tur),
), k`a`n
k`a`n sjd`a`
sjd`a` sufljr
sufljr b`y`
b`y` y`hd
y`hd bkpjrau
bkpjrauo`h
o`h
uhtuo
uhtuo fja`ou
fja`ouo`h
o`h pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h ojsjn`t
ojsjn`t`h,
`h, sjpjrt
sjpjrtkk YBF,
YBF, b`h`,
b`h`, gl`t,
gl`t,

2
 m`skakt`s, pjr`a`t`h, l`n`h, tjohgagdk, grd`hks`sk, khmgrf`sk b`h a`kh-
a`kh. Sja`y`h`h ojsjn`t`h y`hd ljrfutu fjfjrauo`h buouhd`
buouhd`h
h khput
khput
y`
y`hd
hd lj
ljrf
rfut
utu
u pu
pua`
a`.. Nulu
Nuluhd
hd`h
`h khput bj
bjhd
hd`h
`h futu
futu `b
`b`a`
`a`n
n b`
b`a`
a`f
f

pjrjhi`h``h b`h pjhddjr`o`h pja`os`h``h pja`y`h`h ojsjn`t`h.

O`r`o
O`r`otj
tjrks
rkstk
tko
o y`
y`hd
hd rja`t
rja`tkm
km st`l
st`lka
ka b`
b`rk
rk pj
pjhy
hyjb
jbk`
k` pj
pja`
a`y`
y`h`
h`h
h
oj
ojsjn
sjn`t
`t`h
`h,, `a`t
`a`t b`
b`h
h su
sufl
fljr
jr b`
b`y`
y` y`
y`hd
hd bk
bkpj
pjrd
rduh
uh`o
`o`h
`h,, mksko
mksko b`
b`h
h
pjhd`tur`h grd`hks`sk bk akhdouhd`h ojre`. Oghsjp struotur tjrf`suo
f`hu
f`husk
sk`,
`, mk
mksk
sko,
o, b`h
b`h sufl
sufljr
jr oj
oju`
u`hd
hd`h
`h y`
y`hd
hd bk
bklu
lutu
tuno
no`h
`h uh
uhtu
tuo
o
fjfljrko`h pja`y`h`h fjbks. Ytruotur bkduh`o`h sjl`d`k pjhduour`h
tkb`o a`hdsuhd b`rk ou`akt`s pja`y`h`h.
Nuluhd`h
Nuluhd`h `ht`r` struotur b`h ou`akt`s
ou`akt`s pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h `b`a`n n`a
y`hd
y`hd pjhtkh
pjhtkhd
d b`a`f
b`a`f fjrjhi
fjrjhi`h`
`h`o`h
o`h,, fjhbjs
fjhbjs`kh
`kh,, b`h fja`os
fja`os`h`
`h`o`h
o`h

skstjf y`hd
skstjf y`hd bkojnj
bkojnjhb`
hb`okok uhtuo
uhtuo fjfljr
fjfljrko`
ko`h
h pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h ojsjn`
ojsjn`t`h
t`h..
Sjhd
Sjhd`t
`tur
ur`h
`h o`
o`r`
r`ot
otjr
jrkst
kstko
ko ststru
ruot
otur
ur y`
y`hd
hd bk bkdu
duh`
h`o`
o`h
h fjfp
fjfpuh
uhy`
y`kk
ojijhbjruhd
ojijhbjruhd`h
`h uhtuo fjfpjhd`runk
fjfpjhd`runk prgsjs
prgsjs pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h sjnkhdd`
sjnkhdd` khk
`o`h fjflu`t ou`akt`shy` ljrour`hd `t`u fjhkhdo`t.
Yufljr-sufljr y`hd bkpjrauo`h uhtuo fja`os`h`o`h `otkmkt`s
y`hd fjakputk 5
0) F`h 5 Rjh`d` y`hd bkf`hm``to`h. Ightgn5 Yt`m `t`u Lkb`h y`hd
ogfpjtjh
<) Fghjy 5 @hdd`r`h y`hd bklutuno`h `t`u b`h` uhtuo prgdr`f

9) F`tjrk`a 5 F`tjrk ( s`r`h` b`h pr`s`r`h` ) y`hd bklutuno`h

2) Fjtngbj
Fjtngbj55 I`r` y`hd bk pjrduh`o`h b`a`f ljojre` `t`u prgsjbur
ojre`
:) Fkhutj/Rkfj 5 E`hdo` w`otu pja`os`h``h ojdk`t`h prgdr`f
=) F`rojt 5 S`s`r b`h pjf`s`r`h `t`u s`r`h` prgdr`f
l. Srgsjs
Srgsjs (prgijss
prgijss)) `b`a`n
`b`a`n a`hdo`
a`hdo`n
n y`hd
y`hd n`rus
n`rus bka`ou
bka`ouo`h
o`h uhtuo
uhtuo
fjhi`p`k
fjhi`p`k tueu`h
tueu`h y`hd tja`n bktjt`po`h.
bktjt`po`h. Srgsjs bkojh`a
bkojh`a bjhd`h
bjhd`h h`f`
muhdsk f`h`ejfjh. S`b` ufufhy`, prgsjs `t`upuh muhdsk f`h`ejfjh

fjrup`o`h t`hdduhd e`w`l pkfpkh`h. Sjhbjo`t`h prgsjs `b`a`n sjfu`

:
fjtgbj bjhd`h i`r` l`d`kf`h` pja`y`h`h bka`ouo`h. Lkb`h b`a`f n`a
khk sjl`d`
sjl`d`kk f`h`ej
f`h`ejrr bk Lkb`h
Lkb`h Sr`otj
Sr`otjo
o F`hbkr
F`hbkrkk b`p`t
b`p`t fja`os`
fja`os`h`o
h`o`h
`h
prgsjs f`h`ejfjh sjl`d`k ljrkout25
2
0) Sa`hhkhd
Sa`hhkhd fj
fjak
akpu
putk
tk pj
pjhd
hd`tu
`tur`h
r`h tu
tueu
eu`h
`h b`
b`h
h fjhi
fjhi`r
`rkk i`r`
i`r`
l`d`kf`h` uhtuo fjhi`p`k tueu`h tjrsjlut. Sa`hhkhd tja`n
bkpjrtk
bkpjrtkfl`
fl`hdo
hdo`h
`h sjl`d`
sjl`d`kk muhdsk
muhdsk ut`f`
ut`f` f`h`ej
f`h`ejfjh
fjh b`h fjakpu
fjakputk
tk
sjd`a` sjsu`tu y`hd f`h`ejr ojre`o`h. Fjflu`t ojputus`h lk`s`hy`
fjhe
fjhe`b
`bkk l`
l`dk
dk`h
`h b`
b`rk
rk pj
pjrjh
rjhi`
i`h`
h``h
`h o`
o`rjh
rjh`` sjtk`
sjtk`p
p pk
pkak
akn`
n`h
h bk
bklu
lu`t
`t
ljrb`s`ro`h prgsjs pjhyjajs`k`h sjtk`p rjhi`h`. Sa`hhkhd pjhtkhd
o`rjh`
o`rjh` l`hy`o
l`hy`o ljrpjr
ljrpjr`h
`h b`a`f
b`a`f fjhddj
fjhddjr`o
r`o`h
`h muhdsk
muhdsk f`h`ejf
f`h`ejfjh
jh
y`hd
y`hd a`kh.
a`kh. B`a`f
B`a`f pjrjhi
pjrjhi`h`
`h``h,
`h, `b` ljljr`p
ljljr`p`` m`otgr
m`otgr y`hd
y`hd n`rus
n`rus

bkpjrtkfl`hdo`h. [`ktu n`rus YF@\R 5

`) Ypjikmki `rtkhy` pjrjhi`h``h n`rus eja`s f`osub f`upuh ru`hd
akhdouphy`, tkb`o tjra`au fjajl`r b`h tjra`au kbj`aks.
l) Fj`sur`laj `rt
`rtkhy
khy`` prgdr`
prgdr`f
f ojre`
ojre` `t`u
`t`u rjhi`h
rjhi`h`` n`rus
n`rus b`p`t
b`p`t
bkuour tkhdo`t ojljrn`ska`hhy`.
i) @inkjv`laj `rtkhy` b`p`t bki`p`k, luo`h `hdd`h-`hd`h.
b) \j`akstki `rtkhy` sjsu`k bjhd`h ojf`fpu`h b`h sufljr b`y`
y`hd `b`. Rkb`o tjra`au fub`n b`h tkb`o tjra`au suakt, t`pk tjt`p
`b` t`ht`hd`h.

j) Rkfj `rtkhy` `b` l`t`s w`otu y`hd eja`s, fkhddu`h, lua`h`h,

trkwua`h, sjfjstjr`h `t`u t`nuh`h, sjnkhdd` fub`n bkhka`k b`h
bkjv`au`sk.2
<) Grd`hkzkhd2
Grd`hkzkhd `b`a`n
`b`a`n prgsjs
prgsjs b`a`f
b`a`f fjf`st
fjf`stko`
ko`h
h ojlutu
ojlutun`h
n`h
f`husk` b`h mksko sjtk`p sufljr b`y` tjrsjbk` uhtuo fjhe`a`ho`h
rjhi`h` b`h fjhi`p`k tueu`h y`hd ljrnuluhd`h bjhd`h grd`hks`sk.
Grd`hkzkhd eud`
eud` fjakpu
fjakputk
tk pjhud`
pjhud`s`h
s`h sjtk`p
sjtk`p `otkmkt
`otkmkt`s,
`s, fjfl`d
fjfl`dkk
pjojre``h ojb`a`f sjtk`p tud`s y`hd spjskmko, b`h fjhjhtuo`h sk`p`
2
y`hd fjfkakok n`o uhtuo fjhdjre`o`h ljljr`p` tud`s.

=
 @spj
@spjo
o ut`f
ut`f`` a`kh
a`kh b`rk grd`hkzkhd `b`a`n pjhdjagfpgo`h
ojdk`t`h oj bjp`rtjfjh `t`u ljljr`p` sulbkvksk a`khhy`. Fks`ahy`
ojpjd`
ojpjd`w`k
w`k`h,
`h, uhtuo
uhtuo fjf`stk
fjf`stko`h
o`h l`nw`
l`nw` sufljr
sufljr b`y`
b`y` f`husk
f`husk``

bkpjrauo`h
bkpjrauo`h uhtuo
uhtuo fjhi`p
fjhi`p`k
`k tueu`h
tueu`h grd`hk
grd`hks`sk
s`sk.. Fjfpjo
Fjfpjojre`
jre`o`h
o`h
gr`hd uhtuo pjojre``h fjrup`o`h `otkmkt`s ojpjd`w`k`h y`hd on`s.
Ojpj
Ojpjd`
d`w`
w`k`
k`h
h `b`a
`b`a`n
`n su`t
su`tu
u `o
`otk
tkmk
mkt`
t`ss ut
ut`f
`f`` y`
y`hd
hd tj
tjro
ro`b
`b`h
`hd
d
bkoa`skmko`sko`h sjl`d`k muhdsk y`hd tjrpks`n b`rk grd`hkzkhd.
@d`r tueu`h
tueu`h tjri`p`k
tjri`p`k f`o` bklutuno`
bklutuno`h
h pjhdgrd`hk
pjhdgrd`hks`sk`h.
s`sk`h.
B`a`
B`a`f
f gr
grd`
d`hk
hks`
s`sk
sk lk`s`
lk`s`hy
hy`` bk
bkwu
wueu
eubo
bo`h
`h b`
b`a`
a`f
f lj
ljht
htuo
uo l`
l`d`
d`h
h
grd`hks`sk. [`hd ojfubk`h bkpji`n fjhe`bk ljrl`d`k e`l`t`h. S`b`
sjtk`p e`l`t`h lk`s`hy` fjfkakok tud`s, t`hdduhd e`w`l, wjwjh`hd
b`h ur`k`h e`l`t`h..
2
9) @itu`tkhd
Sjrjhi`h``h b`h pjhdgrd`hks`sk`h y`hd l`ko our`hd ljr`rtk
lka` tkb`o bkkoutk bjhd`h pja`os`h``h ojre`. Zhtuo ktu f`o`
bklutuno`h ojre` ojr`s, ojre` ijrb`s b`h ojre`s`f`. Yjfu` sufljr
b`y` f`husk` y`hd `b` n`rus bkgptkf`ao`h uhtuo fjhi`p`k vksk,
fksk b`h prgdr`f
prgdr`f ojre` grd`hks`sk.
grd`hks`sk. Sja`os`h``h ojre` n`rus sje`a`h
bjhd`h rjhi`h` ojre` y`hd tja`n bksusuh. Ojiu`ak fjf`hd `b` n`a-
n`a onusus
onusus sjnkhd
sjnkhdd`
d` pjrau
pjrau bka`ou
bka`ouo`h
o`h pjhyjs
pjhyjsu`k
u`k`h.
`h. Yjtk`p
Yjtk`p YBF
n`rus ljojre` sjsu`k bjhd`h tud`s, muhdsk b`h pjr`h, oj`nak`h b`h

ogfpjtjhs
ogfpjtjhskk f`skhd
f`skhd-f`s
-f`skhd
khd YBF uhtuo
uhtuo fjhi`p
fjhi`p`k
`k vksk,
vksk, fksk
fksk b`h
prgdr`f ojre` grd`hks`sk y`hd tja`n bktjt`po`h.
2) Ightrgaakhd2
@d`r pjojre``h ljre`a`h sjsu`k bjhd`h vksk, fksk, `tur`h b`h
prgdr`f ojre` f`o` bklutuno`h pjhdghtrga`h b`a`f ljhtuo
supjrvksk,
supjrvksk, pjhd`w`s`h
pjhd`w`s`h,, khspjosk
khspjosk nkhdd`
nkhdd` `ubkt.
`ubkt. O`t`-o`t`
O`t`-o`t` tjrsjlut
tjrsjlut
fjf`hd fjfkakok f`oh` y`hd ljrljb`, t`pk y`hd tjrpjhtkhd `b`a`n
l`d`kf`h` sje`o bkhk b`p`t bkojt`nuk pjhykfp`hd`h-pjhykfp`hd`h
y`hd tjre`bk. L`ko b`a`f t`n`p pjrjhi`h``h, pja`os`h``h f`upuh

pjhdgrd`hks`sk`h. Yjnkhdd` bjhd`h n`a tjrsjlut b`p`t sjdjr`

4
 bka`ouo`h
bka`ouo`h ogrjosk,
ogrjosk, `htkskp`sk
`htkskp`sk b`h pjhyjsu`k`h
pjhyjsu`k`h-pjhyj
-pjhyjsu`k`h
su`k`h sjsu`k
bjhd`h sktu`sk, oghbksk b`h pjrojfl`hd`h z`f`h.

D`fl`r <.0 Srgsjs F`h`ejfjh

i. Gutput2
Gutput `b`a`n n`ska b`rk su`tu pjojre``h f`h`ejfjh, n`ska `t`u
gutput `b`a`n
`b`a`n n`ska
n`ska pja`os
pja`os`h`
`h``h
`h ojdk`t
ojdk`t`h.
`h. Sja`y`
Sja`y`h`h
h`h y`hd
y`hd bkljrk
bkljrko`h
o`h
sj
sjsu
su`k
`k bjhd
bjhd`h
`h st
st`h
`hb`
b`rr pja`
pja`y`
y`h`
h`h
h oj
ojlk
lkb`
b`h`
h`h,
h, fua`
fua`kk b`
b`rk
rk `s
`sun
un`h
`h
ojlkb`h`h, OKJ, b`h a`kh sjl`d`khy`. Gutput `b`a`n n`ska y`hd bki`p`k
b`a`f e`hdo` pjhbjo, fks`ahy` `onkr b`rk ojdk`t`h pjf`s`hd`h khmus,
sjb`h
sjb`hdo
do`h
`h gu
guti
tigf
gfjj `b
`b`a
`a`n
`n n`
n`sk
skaa y`
y`hd
hd tj
tjre
re`b
`bkk sjtja
sjtja`n
`n pj
pja`o
a`os`h
s`h``h
``h
ojdk`t
ojdk`t`h
`h e`hdo`
e`hdo` pjhbjo
pjhbjo fks`ah
fks`ahy`
y` trgflg
trgflgpaj
pajlkt
lktks
ks sjtja`n
sjtja`n 9x<2
9x<2 e`f
pjf`s`hd`h khmus.
Gutput/gutigfj,, k`a`
Gutput/gutigfj k`a`n
n n`ska
n`ska pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h ojsjn`
ojsjn`t`h
t`h,, fjrup
fjrup`o`
`o`h
h
pjrul`n`h y`hd tjre`bk p`b` oghsufjh (p`skjh/f`sy`r`o`t), tjrf`suo
ojpu`s`h b`rk oghsufjh tjrsjlut. N`ska `onkr ojdk`t`h b`h tkhb`o`h
tjh`
tjh`d`
d` ojsj
ojsjn`
n`t`
t`h
h pr
prgm
gmjs
jskg
kgh`
h`aa tj
tjrn
rn`b
`b`p
`p p`
p`sk
skjh
jh.. N`sk
N`skaa pj
pja`
a`y`
y`h`
h`h
h
ojsjn`t`h/fjbks b`p`t bkhka`k `ht`r` a`kh bjhd`h fja`ouo`h `ubkt fjbks,
rjvkjw rjo`f fjbks b`h rjvkjw fjbks a`khhy`, `b`hy` ojaun`h p`skjh,
b`h khmgrfjb ighsjht
b. Y`s`r`h2
Y`
Y`s`
s`r`
r`h
h (t`r
t`rdjt
djt drgup
drgup)) `b`a`n ojp`b` sk`p` gutput y`hd
bkn`skao`h, y`ohk up`y` ojsjn`t`h tjrsjlut
tjrs jlut bktueuo`h5
0) ZOS
ZOS uhtuo
uhtuo pjr
pjrsjg
sjgr`h
r`hd`
d`h
h
<) ZOF uhtuo
uhtuo f`sy`r`o
f`sy`r`o`t
`t (ojau`rd
(ojau`rd`` b`h ojagfpgo)
ojagfpgo)

>
 F`i`f s`s`r`h5
0) Y`s`r
Y`s`r`h
`h a`hd
a`hdsu
suhd
hd (bkrjit t`rdjt drgup)
drgup)

<) Y`s`r
Y`s`r`h
`h tkb
tkb`o
`o a`h
a`hds
dsuh
uhd
d (khbkrjit
(khbkrjit t`rdjt drgup)
drgup)
2
j. Kfp`it
B`fp`o (kfp`it
(kfp`it) `b`a`n
`b`a`n `okl`t
`okl`t y`hd
y`hd bktkfl
bktkfluao
uao`h
`h gajn
gajn gutput.
Zhtuo
Zhtuo f`h`ej
f`h`ejfjh
fjh ojsjn`
ojsjn`t`h
t`h b`fp`o
b`fp`o y`hd
y`hd bkn`r`p
bkn`r`po`h
o`h `b`a`n
`b`a`n uhtuo
uhtuo
fjhkhd
fjhkhdo`t
o`to`h
o`h bjr`e`
bjr`e`tt ojsjn`
ojsjn`t`h
t`h.. Ightgn
Ightgn bjhd`h
bjhd`h `b`hy`
`b`hy` Sgakhb
Sgakhbjs,
js,
f`sy`r`o`t lks` ajlkn `otkm kout sjrt` p`b` sjtk`p prgdr`f ojsjn`t`h.
Sjhkhdo`t`h bjr`e`t ojsjn`t`h b`p`t tjri`p`k eko` ojlutun`h (hjjbs
( hjjbs)) b`h
tuhtut`h (bjf`hbs
(bjf`hbs)) pjrsjgr`hd`h/f`sy`r`o`t b`p`t bkpjhunk.
0) Ojlu
Ojlutu
tun`
n`h
h Ojsj
Ojsjn`
n`t`
t`h
h (nj`atn
(nj`atn hjjbs)
hjjbs)

Ojlutun`h
Ojlutun`h ojsjn`t
ojsjn`t`h
`h (hjjbs
hjjbs)) lj
ljrsk
rskm`t
m`t gl
glejo
ejotk
tkm,
m, o`
o`rj
rjh`
h` ktu
ktu
pjfjhun`hy` ljrskm`t futa`o. Ojlutun`h ojsjn`t`h s`hd`t
bktjhtuo`h gajn f`s`a`n ojsjn`t`h bk f`sy`r`o`t, f`s`a`n ojsjn`t`h
pjrgr`hd`h/ojau`rd` y`hd tjrpjhtkhd `b`a`n pjhy`okt y`hd bkbjrkt`.
F`s`a`n ojsjn`t`h f`sy`r`o`t `b`a`n st`tus ojsjn`t`h f`sy`r`o`t :.
<) Ruht
Ruhtut
ut`h
`h Ojsjn
Ojsjn`t
`t`h
`h (nj`atn bjf`hbs)
bjf`hbs)
Ruhtut`h ojsjn`t`h (nj`atn
(nj`atn bjf`hbs)
bjf`hbs) p`b` b`s`rhy` ljrskm`t
sulejot
sulejotkm,
km, o`rjh`
o`rjh` ktu pjfjhu
pjfjhun`h
n`hy`
y` ljrskm`
ljrskm`tt m`ouat
m`ouat`tkm
`tkm.. Ruhtut
Ruhtut`h
`h
ojsjn`t`h
ojsjn`t`h y`hd sulejotkm bkpjhd`runk
bkpjhd`runk gajn a`t`r lja`o`hd
lja`o`hd khbkvkbu
khbkvkbu

(pjhbkbko
(pjhbkbko`h,
`h, joghg
joghgfk,
fk, lub`y`
lub`y` bsl).
bsl). Ruhtut
Ruhtut`h
`h ojsjn`
ojsjn`t`h
t`h s`hd`t
s`hd`t
bkpjhd`runk gajn tjohgagdk ojbgotjr`h.
9. Yt
Yt`h
`hb`
b`rr Sja`y`
Sja`y`h`
h`h
h Ojlkb`
Ojlkb`h`h:
h`h
`. Yt`h
Yt`hb`
b`rr 0 M`as`
M`as`m`
m`n
n b`h
b`h Rueu
Rueu`h
`h
Sjhdjaga``h pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h fjfkakok vksk, fksk, mkagsgmk b`h tueu`h
pja`y`h`h sjrt` grd`hks`sk pja`y`h`h sjl`d`k b`s`r uhtuo fja`os`h`o`h
tud`s pja`y`h`h y`hd jmjotkm b`h jmkskjh.
0) Sj
Sjhd
hdja
jaga
ga`` pja`
pja`y`
y`h`
h`h
h ojlk
ojlkb`
b`h`
h`h
h fjfk
fjfkak
akok
ok vk
vksk
sk,, fksk
fksk b`
b`h
h mkag
mkagsg
sgmk
mk
pja`y`h` ojlkb`h`h y`hd fjhd`iu p`b` vksk, fksk b`h mkagsgmk

f`skhd-f`skhd

;
 <) @b`
@b` l`d
l`dk`h
k`h st
stru
ruot
otu
ur grd`h
rd`hks
ks`s
`skk y`h
`hd
d fjh
fjhdd
dd`f
`fl`
l`ro
ro`h
`h d`r
`rks
ks
og
ogf`
f`hb
hbg,
g, mu
muhd
hdsk
sk b`
b`h
h t`hd
t`hddu
duhd
hde`
e`w`
w`l
l sjrt`
sjrt` oj
ojwj
wjh`
h`hd
hd`h
`h b`
b`a`f
a`f
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h b`h nuluhd`h bjhd`h uhkt a`kh b`h bks`no`h

gajn pkfpkh`h
9) @b`
@b` ur
ur`k
`k`h
`h tjrtua
tjrtuaks
ks uhtuo
uhtuo sjtk`
sjtk`p
p tj
tjh`
h`d`
d` y`hd
y`hd `b
`b`` p`
p`b`
b` grd`h
grd`hks`
ks`sk
sk
y`hd bks`no`h gajn pkfpkh`h
2) @b`
@b` luot
luotkk tjrt
tjrtua
uaks
ks tjht
tjht`h
`hd
d pj
pjrs
rsy`
y`r`
r`t`
t`h
h tj
tjh`
h`d`
d` y`
y`hd
hd fjhb
fjhbub
ubuo
uokk
e`l`t`h p`b` grd`hks`sk y`hd bks`no`h gajn pkfpkh`h
pkfpkh`h
l. Yt`hb`r < @bfkhkstr`sk b`h Sjhdjaga``h
Sjhdja
Sjhdjaga`
ga``h
`h pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h ojlkb`
ojlkb`h`h
h`h fjfkak
fjfkakok
ok pjbgf`
pjbgf`h
h pjhdja
pjhdjaga`
ga``h
`h
pja`y`h`h, st`hb`r pja`y`h`h, prgsjbur tjt`p b`h pja`os`h``h ojdk`t`h
pjhdjaga``h pja`y`h`h y`hd oghbuskm y`hd fjfuhdokho`h tjre`bkhy`

pr`otko pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h `our`t.

0) @b` pjb jbg
gf`h pjhdjaga``h pja`y`h
`h``h y`hd fjh
jhiijrfk
rfkho`h
fjo`hksfj ojre` bk uhkt pja`y`h`h tjrsjlut bks`no`h gajn pkfpkh`h
<) @b` st`hb
st`hb`r
`r pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h y`hd
y`hd bklu`
bklu`tt fjhd`iu
fjhd`iu p`b`
p`b` pjbgf`
pjbgf`h
h st`hb`r
st`hb`r
`a`t, st`hb`r ru`hd`h, st`hb`r ojtjh`hd`h y`hd tja`n bks`no`h gajn
pkfpkh`h.
9) @b` prgsjb
prgsjbur
ur tjt`p
tjt`p uhtuo
uhtuo sjtk`p ejhks
ejhks ojdk`t
ojdk`t`h/
`h/tkh
tkhb`o
b`o`h
`h ojlkb`h
ojlkb`h`h
`h
y`hd bks`no`h gajn pkfpkh`h
2) @b`
@b` rjhi
rjhi`h
`h`/
`/pr
prgd
gdr`
r`f
f ojre
ojre`` bksj
bksjtk
tk`p
`p kh
khst
stkt
ktus
uskk pj
pjhd
hdja
jaga
ga``
``h
h y`
y`hd
hd

fjhd`iu oj khstktusk khbuo

:) @b` luotk
luotk tjrtua
tjrtuaks
ks tjrsjajh
tjrsjajhdd`
dd`r`h
r`hy`
y` pjrtjfu`
pjrtjfu`h
h ljro`a`
ljro`a` sji`r`
sji`r` tjr`tur
tjr`tur
bkajhdo`pk bjhd`h b`mt`r n`bkr b`h hgtuajh r`p`t
=) @b` h`so`
so`n ojre`s`
s`f
f`, prgdr`f pr`otko b`r
`rkk khstktusk y`hd
fjhd
fjhddu
duh`
h`o`
o`h
h a`tkn
a`tkn`h
`h pr
pr`o
`otk
tko,
o, pr
prgd
gdr`
r`f,
f, pj
pjhd
hd`e
`e`r`
`r`h
h oa
oakh
khko
ko b`
b`h
h
pjhka`k`h oakhko. @b` luotk `bfkhkstr`sk y`hd fjakputk luou
rjdrkstr`sk
i. Yt`h
Yt`hb`
b`rr 9 Yt`m
Yt`mmm b`
b`h
h Skfp
Skfpkh
kh`h
`h

03
 Sjhdjaga``h
Sjhdjaga``h pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h fjfpuhy`k
fjfpuhy`k prgdr`f
prgdr`f pjhdjaga``h
pjhdjaga``h
sufljr b`y` f`husk` (YBF) `d`r pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h ljre`a`h jmjotkm
b`h jmkskjh

0) @b` prgd
prgdr`f
r`f ojlu
ojlutun
tun`h
`h YBF
YBF sjsu`k
sjsu`k bjhd`h
bjhd`h ojlu
ojlutun
tun`h
`h
<) Fjfpuh
Fjfpuhy`k
y`k e`bw`a
e`bw`a pjhd`t
pjhd`tur`
ur`h
h ojre`
ojre` n`rk`h
n`rk`h
9) @b`
@b` e`
e`bw
bw`a
`a bkh`
bkh`ss y`hd
y`hd fjhd
fjhdd`
d`fl
fl`r
`ro`
o`h
h oj
ojf`
f`fp
fpu`
u`h
h tk`p
tk`p-t
-tk`
k`p
p
pjruhkt y`hd fjhbubuok t`hdduhde`w`l b`h ojf`fpu`h y`hd
bkfkakok gajn lkb`h
2) @b` sjgr`hd
sjgr`hd lkb`h pjhdd`htk
pjhdd`htk bjhd`h
bjhd`h pjr`h
pjr`h b`h
b`h muhdsk
muhdsk y`hd eja`s b`h
b`h
ou`akm
ou`akmko`
ko`sk
sk fkhkf`
fkhkf`aa sja`ou
sja`ou ojp`a`
ojp`a` ru`hd`
ru`hd`h
h eko`
eko` ojp`a`
ojp`a` ru`hd`
ru`hd`h
h
ljn`a`hd`h ljrtud`s
:) @b` b`t`
b`t` pjrsg
pjrsghka
hka y`hd
y`hd ljrt
ljrtud`
ud`ss bk ru`hd
ru`hd`h
`h tjrsjl
tjrsjlut
ut

b. Yt`hb`
Yt`hb`rr 2 M`skak
M`skakt`s
t`s b`h Sjr`a`t
Sjr`a`t`h
`h
Rjrsjb
Rjrsjbk`
k` s`r`h`
s`r`h` b`h pjr`a`
pjr`a`t`h
t`h uhtuo
uhtuo fjhbuo
fjhbuouh
uhd
d pjhi`p
pjhi`p`k`
`k`h
h tueu`h
tueu`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h sjsu`k bjhd`h tud`shy` b`h muhdsk khstktusk
pja`y`h`h.
0) Rjrsj
sjb
bk`hy` pjr`a`
`a`t`h y`hd sjsu`
su`k bjhd`h st`
st`hb`r b`h `b`
fjo`hksfj ojtjakl`t`h lkb`h b`a`f pjrjhi`h``h b`h pjhdjfl`hd`h
s`r`h` b`h pr`s`r`h`.
<) @b`
@b` lu
luou
ou khvjht
khvjht`r
`rks
ks pj
pjr`
r`a`t
a`t`h
`h y`
y`hd
hd fjhijrf
fjhijrfkh
kho`
o`h
h eu
eufa
fa`n
`n l`
l`r`
r`hd
hd
b`h ou`akt`s l`r`hd.

9) @b` pja`tkn`h
pja`tkn`h onusus
onusus uhtuo
uhtuo lkb`h
lkb`h tjht`hd
tjht`hd pjhdduh``h
pjhdduh``h `a`t tjrtjhtu
tjrtjhtu
2) @b` prgsjb
prgsjbur
ur pjrf
pjrfkht
kht``h
``h ss`h
`h pjhd
pjhdn`p
n`pus`
us`h
h `a`t
`a`t
j. Yt`hb`
Yt`hb`rr : Ojlke`
Ojlke`o`h
o`h b`h Srgsjb
Srgsjbur
ur
Sjh
Sjhdjag
djaga`
a` pja`
pja`y`
y`h
h`h ojl
jlkb
kb`h
`h`h
`h fjfka
jfkako
kokk ojl
jlke
ke`o
`o`h
`h b`
b`a`
a`f
f
pjhyjajhdd`r``h pja`y`h`h b`h pjflkh``h pjd`w`k fjhueu pja`y`h`h
y`hd ljrou`akt`s.
0) @b`
@b` ojlk
ojlke`
e`o`
o`h
h tjrt
tjrtua
uaks
ks tjht
tjht`h
`hd
d pr
prg
gsj
sjbu
burr pj
pja`
a`y`
y`h`
h`h
h b`
b`h
h st`h
st`hb`
b`rr
pja`y`h`h y`hd bks`no`h gajn pkfpkh`h
pkfpkh`h
<) @b` prgsjbur
prgsjbur pjrsgh`a
pjrsgh`ak`5
k`5 pjhjrkf``h
pjhjrkf``h pjd`w`k
pjd`w`k oghtr`o
oghtr`o ojre`,
ojre`, n`o b`h

ojw`ekl`h pjrsgh`ak`

00
 9) @b` pjrsgh`ak
pjrsgh`ak`` pjhd`eu`h
pjhd`eu`h iutk
iutk pjd`w`k,
pjd`w`k, kstkr`n`t,
kstkr`n`t, s`okt
s`okt b`h a`kh-a`kh
a`kh-a`kh
2) @b`
@b` prgsjb
prgsjbur
ur pjfl
pjflkh
kh``h
``h

m. Yt`hb`
Yt`hb`rr = Sjhdjf
Sjhdjfl`h
l`hd`h
d`h Yt`m
Yt`m b`h
b`h Srgd
Srgdr`f
r`f
Sj
Sjhb
hbkb
kbko
ko`h
`h Sj
Sjhd
hdja
jaga
ga`` pja`
pja`y`
y`h`
h`h
h oj
ojlk
lkb`
b`h`
h`h
h fjfk
fjfkak
akok
ok pr
prgd
gdr`
r`f
f
pjhdjfl`hd`h st`m b`h pjrjhi`h``h pjhbkbko`h, sjsu`k bjhd`h
ojlutun`h pja`y`h`h.
0) @b`
@b` pr
prgd
gdr`
r`f
f pjfl
pjflkh
kh``
``h
h st
st`m
`m b`h
b`h pr
prgd
gdr`
r`f
f pj
pjhb
hbkb
kbko
ko`h
`h sj
sji`
i`r`
r`
ljrojskh`fluhd`h.
<) @b` prgdr`f
prgdr`f pja`tkn`
pja`tkn`h
h b`h grkjht`s
grkjht`skk l`dk tjh`d`
tjh`d` lkb`h
lkb`h `t`u pjd`w`k
pjd`w`k
l`ru b`h a`f` `d`r b`p`t ljr`b`pt`sk bjhd`h pjojre``h

9) @b` b`t` n`ska

n`ska kbjhtk
kbjhtkmko
mko`sk
`sk ojlutun
ojlutun`h
`h pja`tkn`
pja`tkn`h
h b`h jv`au`s
jv`au`skk n`ska
n`ska
pja`tkn`h
d. Yt`h
Yt`hb`
b`rr 4 Yt`h
Yt`hb`
b`rr @sun
@sun`h
`h
Sjhdjaga`
Sjhdjaga` pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h fjfkakok
fjfkakok st`hb`r
st`hb`r `sun`h/
`sun`h/ f`h`ejfjh
f`h`ejfjh
oj
ojlk
lkb`
b`h`
h`h
h y`
y`hd
hd bktj
bktjt`
t`po
po`h
`h sjl`d
sjl`d`k
`k pj
pjbg
bgf`
f`h
h b`
b`a`
a`f
f fjfl
fjfljr
jrko
ko`h
`h
pja`y`h`h ojp`b` p`skjh
0) @b`
@b` Yt`h
Yt`hb`
b`rr F`h`
F`h`ej
ejfj
fjh
h @sun
@sun`h
`h Ojlk
Ojlkb`
b`h`
h`h
h (Y
(YF@
F@O)
O) sj
sjl`
l`d`
d`kk
pjbgf`h b`a`f fjfljrko`h pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h
<) @b` mgrf`t
mgrf`t f`h`ejfjh
f`h`ejfjh ojlkb`h`
ojlkb`h`h
h y`hd tjrb`p
tjrb`p`t
`t p`b` i`t`t`h
i`t`t`h fjbko
fjbko

9) @b` pjhdo`
pjhdo`ek`h
ek`h `sun`h
`sun`h ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h l`dk
l`dk sjtk`p
sjtk`p oakjh
oakjh
2) @b`
@b` bk`dh
bk`dhgs
gs`` ojlkb
ojlkb`h
`h`h
`h
:) @b` rjhi`h
rjhi`h`` `sun`h
`sun`h ojlkb`
ojlkb`h`h
h`h
=) @b` bgouf
bgoufjh
jh tjrtuak
tjrtuakss tjht`hd
tjht`hd tkhb`o
tkhb`o`h
`h ojlkb`
ojlkb`h`h
h`h
4) @b` i`t`t`h
i`t`t`h pjrojfl`hdh
pjrojfl`hdh oakjh b`a`f `sun`h
`sun`h ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h
>) @b` jv`au`
jv`au`sk
sk b`a`f
b`a`f fjfljrk
fjfljrko`h
o`h `sun`h
`sun`h ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h
;) @b` bgouf
bgoufjht`sk
jht`sk utuo ojdk`t`h
ojdk`t`h f`h`ejfjh
f`h`ejfjh ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h
L. Rjgrk
Rjgrk Sr`
Sr`otk
otko
o F`hbkr
F`hbkrkk Lkb`h
Lkb`h
0. Sjhdjrtk`h Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h

0<
 Lkb`
Lkb`h
h `b
`b`a
`a`n
`n sjgr`
sjgr`hd
hd pj
pjrjf
rjfpu
pu`h
`h y`
y`hd
hd tja`n
tja`n fjhy
fjhyja
jajs
js`ko
`ko`h
`h
prgdr`f pjhbkbko`h Ojlkb`h`h l`ko bk b`a`f hjdjrk f`upuh bk au`r
hjdjrk y`hd bk`ouk sji`r` s`n gajn Sjfjrkht`n
Sjfjrkht`n Sus`t b`h tja`n fjfjhunk

pjrsy`r`t`h uhtuo fja`ouo`h pr`otko Ojlkb`h`h Sr`otko Ojlkb`h`h `b`a`n

ojdk`t`h pjfljrk`h pja`y`h`h y`hd bka`ouo`h gajn Lkb`h b`a`f ljhtuo
`sun`h ojlkb`h`h.=
M`skakt`s Sja`y`h`h Ojsjn`t`h `b`a`n su`tu `a`t b`h/`t`u tjfp`t
y`hd bkduh`o`h uhtuo fjhyjajhdd`r`o`h up`y` pja`y`h`h ojsjn`t`h l`ko
prgfgtkm, prjvjhtkm, our`tkm, b`h rjn`lkakt`tkm y`hd pja`y`h`hhy` bka`ouo`h
gajn pjfjrkht`n
pjfjrkht`n b`h/`t`u f`sy`r`o`t.4 Rjf
b`h/`t`u f`sy`r`o`t. Rjfp`t
p`t Sr`otk
Sr`otko
o F`hbkr
F`hbkrkk Lkb`h
Lkb`h
`b`a`n M`skakt`s Sja`y`h`h Ojsjn`t`h y`hd bksjajhdd`r`o`h gajn Lkb`h
auaus`h pjhbkbko`h prgmjsk uhtuo fjfljrko`h pja`y`h`h a`hdsuhd ojp`b`
>
oakjh.
Sr`otjo
Sr`otjo F`hbkrk
F`hbkrk Lkb`h ( SFL ) fjrup`o`h
fjrup`o`h ljhtuo pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h
ojsjn`t`h bk lkb`hd ojsjn`t`h b`s`r. Sr`otjo lkb`h `b`a`n sjr`hdo`k`h
ojdk`t`h pja`y`h`h ojsjn`t`h y`hd bkljrko`h gajn lkb`h ojp`b` p`skjh
(khbkv
(khbkvkbu
kbu,, ojau`r
ojau`rd`,
d`, b`h f`sy`r
f`sy`r`o`
`o`t)
t) sjsu`k
sjsu`k bjhd`h
bjhd`h ojwjh`
ojwjh`hd`
hd`h
h b`h
ojf`fpu`h
ojf`fpu`hhy`.L
hy`.Lkb`h
kb`h y`hd fjhe`a`ho`h
fjhe`a`ho`h pr`otjo
pr`otjo n`rus fjfkakok
fjfkakok Yur`t
Kzkh Sr`otjo Lkb`h (YKSL) sjnkhdd` b`p`t fjhe`a`ho`h pr`otjo p`b` s`r`h
ojsjn`t`h `t`u prgdr`f. ;
<. F`h`ejfjh Gpjr`skgh`a SFL

F`h`ejfjh
F`h`ejf jh gpjr`sk
gpjr`skgh`
gh`aa pjrau
pjrau bkpjrn
bkpjrn`tko
`tko`h
`h uhtuo
uhtuo fjf`stk
fjf`stko`h
o`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h b`p`t bka`os`h`o`h bjhd`h lk`y` jmkskjh, tjp`t
w`otu,
w`otu, `f`h,
`f`h, b`h ou
ou`akt
`akt`s
`s pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h l`ko
l`ko uhtuo
uhtuo fjhe`f
fjhe`fkh
kh ojpu`s
ojpu`s`h
`h
oakjh/pja`hdd`h.;
Sjhd
Sjhdja
jaga
ga``h
``h y`
y`hd
hd jm
jmksk
kskjh
jh tj
tjrn
rn`b
`b`p
`p s`
s`r`h
r`h`` b`
b`h
h pj
pjra
rajh
jhdo
do`p
`p`h
`h
pja`y`h`h fua`k b`rk pjhi`t`t`h, fghktgrkhd pjhdduh``h, pjrjhi`h``h
pjhd`b``h, pjfljak`h, pjhjrkf``h, pjhykfp`h`h, pjfjakn`r``h s`hd`t
ljrpjhd`run tjrn`b`p oja`hi`r`h gpjr`skgh`a pja`y`h`h. Gajn o`rjh`hy`
p`b` sjtk`p tktko pjhdjaga``h pjrau bka`ouo`h sji`r` skstjf`tks b`h
;
tjrjhi`h`.

09
 Ojlj
Ojljrn
rn`s
`ska
ka`h
`h gr
grd`
d`hk
hks`
s`sk
sk fj
fjhi
hi`p
`p`k
`k tu
tueu
eu`h
`h bk
bkbu
buou
ouhd
hd ga
gajn
jn
pjhdjaga``h m`otgr-m`otgr `ht`r` a`kh F`h, Fghjy, F`inkhj, Fjtngbj b`h
F`tjrk`a. Sjhdjaga``h y`hd sjkfl`hd b`h l`ko b`rk ojakf` m`itgr tjrsjlut

`o`h fjfljr
`o`h fjfljrko`
ko`h
h ojpu`s
ojpu`s`h
`h ojp`b`
ojp`b` ogstuf
ogstufjr
jr l`ko
l`ko ogstuf
ogstufjr
jr khtjrh
khtjrh`a
`a
f`upuh jostjrh`a.
9. Sjrsy`r`t`h Sjhbkrk`h Lkb`h Sr`otjo F`hbkrk ;
`. Fjhe
Fjhe`b
`bkk `hd
`hddg
dgt`
t` KL
KLKK
l. Sjrfgngh`h Yur`t Kekh Sr`otjo Lkb`h sja`ou Yw`st` Sjrgr`hd`h, bksjrt`k
bjhd`h YR\
i. Yur`t Ojtjr`hd`h
Ojtjr`hd`h Ojp`a` Susojsf`s
Susojsf`s Tka`y`n
Tka`y`n Yjtjfp
Yjtjfp`t
`t Sr`otjo
Sr`otjo
b. Yur`t Sjrhy`t``h
Sjrhy`t``h tkb`o sjb`hd
sjb`hd b`a`f
b`a`f s`hosk
s`hosk prgmjsk/
prgmjsk/ nuouf
nuouf
j. Yur`t
Yur`t Ojtjr`
Ojtjr`hd`
hd`h
h Ojtu`
Ojtu` \`htk
\`htkhd
hd KLK
KLK Tka`y`
Tka`y`n
n

m. Sj
Sjrs
rsk`
k`p`
p`h
h pjr`
pjr`a`
a`t`
t`h
h fjbk
fjbkss b`h
b`h fjbk
fjbkss us
us`n
`n`` pr
pr`o
`otj
tjo
o lk
lkb`
b`hh sji`
sji`r`
r`
pjrgr`hd`h bjhd`h pja`y`h`h pjfjrkos``h pjrtgaghd`h pjrs`akh`h b`h
pjr`w`t`h.
d. Fjflu`t
Fjflu`t Yur`t Sjre`hek`h
Sjre`hek`h s`hddup
s`hddup fjf`tunk
fjf`tunk pjre`hek
pjre`hek`h
`h y`hd tjrtuaks.
tjrtuaks.
n. Lkb`h
Lkb`h b`a`f
b`a`f fjhe
fjhe`a`
`a`ho`
ho`h
h pr`otj
pr`otjo
o n`rus
n`rus 5
0) Fjfkak
Fjfkakok
ok tjfp`t
tjfp`t b`h ru`hd`
ru`hd`h
h pr`otj
pr`otjo
o y`hd fjfjhunk
fjfjhunk pjrsy`r
pjrsy`r`t`
`t`h
h
ojsjn`t`h.
<) Fjhyjbk`o`h
Fjhyjbk`o`h tjfp`t
tjfp`t tkbur
tkbur uhtuo
uhtuo pjrs`akh`
pjrs`akh`h
h fkhkf`a
fkhkf`a 0 b`h
b`h f`oskf`a
f`oskf`a
: tjfp`t tkbur.

9) Fjfk
jfkakok pjr
jr``a`t`h
t`h fkhkf`a sjsu`su`k bjhjhd
d`h ojtjhtu`h b`h
fja`os`h`o`h prgsjbur tjt`p (prgt`p) y`hd ljra`ou.
2) Fjhyjb
Fjhyjbk`o
k`o`h
`h gl`t-gl`t
gl`t-gl`t`h
`h sjsu`k bjhd`h
bjhd`h ojtjht
ojtjhtu`h
u`h pjr`a`t`
pjr`a`t`h
h y`hd
y`hd
ljra`ou.
:) Fjhi`h
Fjhi`htuf
tufo`h
o`h kzkh pr`otjo
pr`otjo lkb`hhy
lkb`hhy`` `t`u mgtg igpy
igpy pr`otjohy
pr`otjohy``
bkru`hd pr`otjo, `t`u tjfp`t y`hd fub`n bkakn`t.
=) Fjfpjrojre`o
Fjfpjrojre`o`h
`h tjh`d`
tjh`d` lkb`h y`hd a`kh, y`hd fjfkakok
fjfkakok YKSL
YKSL uhtuo
uhtuo
fjfl`htu tud`s pja`y`h`hhy`
4) Fjfpuh
Fjfpuhy`k
y`k pjr`a`
pjr`a`t`h
t`h fkhkf`
fkhkf`aa sjsu`k
sjsu`k bjhd`h
bjhd`h ojtjht
ojtjhtu`h
u`h y`hd
y`hd

ljra`ou b`h pjr`a`t`h n`rus tjrsjbk` bktjfp`t pr`otjohy`.

02
 >) Sjr`a`t`h
Sjr`a`t`h y`hd
y`hd w`ekl
w`ekl bkfkaok
bkfkaok b`a`f
b`a`f fjhe`a`h
fjhe`a`ho`h
o`h pr`otjo
pr`otjo lkb`h
lkb`h
sjsu`k bjhd`h ejhks pja`y`h`h y`hd bkljrko`h.

;
k. Yja`kh
Yja`kh ktu
ktu n`rus
n`rus fjfjhun
fjfjhunkk pjrsy`r`t
pjrsy`r`t`h
`h l`hduh
l`hduh`h
`h y`hd
y`hd fjakput
fjakputkk 5
0) S`p`h h` h`f`
`) Zhtuo
Zhtuo fjfljb`
fjfljb`o`h
o`h sjtk`p
sjtk`p kbjhtkt`s
kbjhtkt`s f`o` sjtk`p
sjtk`p ljhtuo
ljhtuo pja`y`h
pja`y`h
fjbko b`s`r sw`st` n`rus fjfpuhy`k h`f` tjrtjhtu, y`hd b`p`t
bk`flka b`rk h`f` y`hd ljre`s` bklkb`hd ojsjn`t`h, `t`u
y`
y`hd
hd tja`
tja`n
n fjhk
fjhkhd
hdd`
d`aa `t`u
`t`u h`f`
h`f` a`
a`kh
kh y`hd
y`hd sj
sjsu
su`k
`k bjhd`
bjhd`h
h
muhdskhy`.
l) Zour`h p`p`h h`f` sjau`s 23 x =3
=3 if.
i) Ruaks`h
Ruaks`h lago
lago w`rh` nkt`f,
nkt`f, b`h b`s`rhy`
b`s`rhy` w`rh`
w`rh` putkn

b) Sj
Sjf`
f`s`
s`hd
hd`h
`h p`p`
p`p`hh h`f`
h`f` p`
p`b`
b` tj
tjfp
fp`t
`t y`
y`hd
hd fub`
fub`n
n b`
b`h
h ej
eja`
a`ss
fub`n tjrl`i` gajn f`sy`r`o`t.
<) R`t`
R`t` ru`hd>
ru`hd
`) Yjtk`p ru`hd pjrkos`
pjrkos` fkhkf`a
fkhkf`a fjfkakok
fjfkakok bk`fjtjr
bk`fjtjr < x 9 fjtjr.
fjtjr.
l) Yjtk`p l`hduh`h pja`y`h`h fkhkf`a fjfpuhy`k ru`hd prkos`,
ru`hd
ru`hd `bsfkh
`bsfkhkst
kstr`sk
r`sk/oj
/ojdk`
dk`t`h
t`h a`k
a`kh
h sjsu`k
sjsu`k ojlutu
ojlutun`h
n`h,, ru`hd
ru`hd
tuhddu, b`h o`f`r f`hbk/TI f`skhd-f`skhd 0 lu`n.
i) Yjfu` ru`hd`h
ru`hd`h fjfpuhy
fjfpuhy`k
`k vjhtka`sk
vjhtka`sk b`h
b`h pjhjr`hd`h
pjhjr`hd`h/pjhi
/pjhi`n`y``
`n`y``h.
h.
9) Ago`
Ago`sk
sk

`) Fjfp
Fjfpuh
uhy`
y`kk ag
ago`
o`sk
sk tjrsj
tjrsjhb
hbkrk
krk y`
y`hd
hd tjtja`
a`n
n bk
bksjt
sjtue
ueuk
uk ga
gajn
jn
pjfjrkht`n b`jr`n sjtjfp`t (t`t` ogt`), tkb`o ljrl`ur bjhd`h
ojdk`t`h ufuf a`khhy` sjpjrtk pus`t pjrlja`he``h, tjfp`t nklur`h
b`h sjejhkshy`.
l) Rkb`o bjo`t bjhd`h ago`sk ljhtuo pja`y`h`h sjejhkshy` b`h eud`
`d`rr sjsu`k
`d` sjsu`k muhdsk
muhdsk sgsk`ah
sgsk`ahy`
y` y`hd
y`hd s`a`n
s`a`n s`tu muhdsk
muhdskhy`
hy` `b`a`n
`b`a`n
fjhbjo`to`h pja`y`h`h ojsjn`t`h ojp`b` f`sy`r`o`t.
2) N`o b`h
b`h Duh`
Duh` S`o`k
S`o`k
`) Fjfp
Fjfpuh
uhy`
y`kk su
sur`
r`tt oj
ojpj
pjfk
fkako
ako`h
`h (Yur
(Yur`t
`t n`
n`o
o fkak
fkako/
o/su
sur`t
r`t n`
n`o
o du
duh`
h`

p`o`k)

0:
 l) Fjfpuhy`k sur`t n`o duh` (sur`t oghtr`o l`hduh`h) fkhkf`a <
t`nuh.
e. Ojajhdo`p`h @bfkhkstr`sk, Sjr`a`t`h, Y`r`h` b`h Sr`s`r`h` LSF;

0) @bfk
@bfkh
hks
kstr
tr`s
`skk
`) Fjfkak
Fjfkakok
ok p`p`h
p`p`h h`f`
h`f` lkb`
lkb`h
h pr`otj
pr`otjo
o sw`st`
sw`st`
l) Fjfpuhy`k YKSL b`h f`skn
f`skn ljra`ou
i) @b`
@b` vks
vkskk b`h
b`h fksk
fksk
b) @b` m`
m`as
as`m
`m`n
`n
j) Fjfkak
Fjfkakok
ok luou
luou st`hb`r
st`hb`r pja`y
pja`y`h`
`h`h
h ojlkb`
ojlkb`h`h
h`h
m) @b`
@b` luo
luou
u pja
pja`y
`y`h
`h`h
`h OL
OL
d) @b` luou st`hb`r
st`hb`r pja`y`h
pja`y`h`h
`h ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h hjgh`t`a
hjgh`t`a
n) @b`
@b` luou
luou rjd
rjdkst
kstjr
jr p`s
p`skjh
kjh

k) @b`
@b` mgrf`t
mgrf`t i`t`t`h
i`t`t`h fjbko
fjbko 5 (Ojn`fk
(Ojn`fka`h
a`h,, pjrs`akh
pjrs`akh`h,
`h, hkm`s,
hkm`s, l`yk
l`yk
l`ru a`nkr, ojau`rd` ljrjhi`h`, l`yk, rueuo`h, sur`t oja`nkr`h,
sur`t ojf`tk`h, p`rtgdr`m, khmgrfjb ighsjht).
<) Sjr`a`t
Sjr`a`t`h
`h b`h Gl`t
Gl`t ’Gl`
’Gl`t`h
t`h
9) Y`r`
r`h
h` b`h Sr` s`
s`rr`h` `s
`su
un`h rggfkhd-kh/r`w`t
rggfkhd-kh/r`w`t d`luh
d`luhd5
d5 Fjbk`
Fjbk`
Sjhyuaun`h Ojsjn`t`h (Sgstjr, aj`majt, lggoajt, f`e`a`n lkb`h, baa)
2. F`h`e
F`h`ejf
jfjh
jh Agdk
Agdkst
stko
ko LSF
LSF
`. Kfpajfjht`sk f`h`ejfjh agdkstki p`b` oakhko lkb`h pr`otko sw`st`
Ej
Ejhk
hks-
s-ej
ejhk
hkss pjr`
pjr`a`
a`t`
t`h
h b`
b`h
h pj
pjra
rajh
jhdo
do`p
`p`h
`h pj
pja`
a`y`
y`h`
h`h
h uh
uhtu
tuo
o

fja`os`h`o`h
fja`os`h`o` h pr`otjo
pr`otjo lkb`h tjrb`p`t sjeufa`n
sjeufa`n pjrsy`r`t`h
pjrsy`r`t`h fkhkf`a
fkhkf`a
pjr`a`t`h b`h pjrajhdo`p`h pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h y`hd bk`tur fja`auk
pjr`tur`h pjfjrkht`n. Zhtuo fja`os`h`o`h pr`otko lkb`h tjrb`p`t
sjeufa`n pjrsy`r`t`h fkhkf`a b`h pjrajhdo`p`h pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h
y`hd
y`hd bk`tur
bk`tur fja`au
fja`aukk pjr`tu
pjr`tur`h
r`h pjfjrk
pjfjrkht`
ht`n.
n. Sjrajh
Sjrajhdo`p`
do`p`h
h pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h
ojlkb`h`h y`hd bk `tur fja`auk pjr`tur`h pjfjrkht`n,y`hd fjhi`oup5
0) Sjr`a`t`h (stjrka b`h tkb`o stjrka)
<) L`n`h n`lks p`o`k
9) Gl`t-gl`t`h
03
2) Mgrfuakr b`h ojajhdo`p`h `bsfkhkstr`sk.

0=
l. Muhdsk Sjrjhi`h``h
Sjrjhi`h``h b`p`t bkl`dk oj b`a`f pjrkgbj-pjrkgbj sjl`d`k ljrkout5
0) \jhi
\jhi`h
`h`` e`hdo
e`hdo`` p`he
p`he`h
`hd
d (Aghd r`hdj)
r`hdj)

<) \jhi
\jhi`h
`h`` e`hdo
e`hdo`` fjhj
fjhjhd
hd`n
`n (Fkb r`hdj)
r`hdj)
9) \jhi
\jhi`h
`h`` e`hd
e`hdo`
o` pjh
pjhbj
bjo
o (Yngrt
(Yngrt r`hdj)
r`hdj)
Sjrkgb
Sjrkgbks`
ks`sk
sk b`a`f
b`a`f su`tu
su`tu pjrjhi
pjrjhi`h`
`h``h
`h sjo`ak
sjo`akdus
dus fjrup`
fjrup`o`h
o`h us`n`
us`n`
pjhjhtu`h so`a` pjrkgrkt`s sji`r` fjhyjaurun b`h ljrduh` uhtuo
us`n` tkhb`o a`heut y`hd tjrpjrkhik. Fja`auk muhdsk pjrjhi`h``h b`h
pjhjhtu`h ojlutun`h khk `o`h
`o`h fjhdn`skao`h `ht`r` a`kh5
0) \jhi
\jhi`h
`h`` Sjfl
Sjfljak
jak`h
`h
<) \jhi
\jhi`h
`h`` \jn`
\jn`lk
lkak
akt`s
t`skk
9) \jhi
\jhi`h
`h`` Bksa
Bksago
go`sk
`sk

2) \jh
\jhi`h
i`h` Yjw
Yjw``
:) \jhi
\jhi`h
`h`` Sjfl
Sjflu`u`t`h;
t`h
i. Muhdsk Sjhd`b``h
Sjhd`b``h tkb`o sja`au n`rus bka`os`h`o`h bjhd`h pjfljak`h
tjt`pk bkb`s`ro`h bjhd`h pkakn`h, ljrl`d`k `atjrh`tkm y`hd p`akhd tjp`t
b`
b`h
h jmksk
jmkskjh
jh uh
uhtu
tuo
o oj
ojpj
pjht
htkh
khd`
d`h
h gr
grd`
d`hk
hks`s
s`sk.
k. I`r`’
I`r`’i`
i`r`
r` y`
y`hd
hd b`
b`p`
p`tt
bka`ouo`h uhtuo fjhe`a`ho`h muhdsk pjhd`b``h `b`a`n5
0) Sjfljak`h
<) Sjhyjw``h

9) Sjfk
Sjfkh
he`f`
e`f`hh
2) Sj
Sjfl
fljr
jrk`
k`h
h ( nkl`
nkl`n
n)
:) Sjhuo`r
`r``h
=) Sjflu`t`h
4) Sjrl`ko`h;
b. Muhdsk Sjhykfp`h`h
M`o
M`otg
tgr-
r-m`
m`ot
otg
gr y`h
y`hd pjra
pjrau
u fjh
jhb
b`p
`p`t
`t pjr
jrn`
n`tk
tk`h
`h b`a
`a`f
`f mu
muhd
hdsk
sk
pjhykfp`h`h `b`a`n5
0) Sj
Sjfk
fkak
akn`
n`h
h ago`
ago`sk
sk

04
 @osj
@osjsk
sklk
lkak
akt`
t`s,
s, utka
utkakt
kt`s
`s,, ogfu
ogfuhk
hko`
o`sk
sk,, lj
ljl`
l`ss l`
l`he
hekr
kr,, f`fp
f`fpu
u
fjh`fpuhd l`r`hd y`hd bkskfp`h, oj`f`h`h b`h skroua`sk ub`r`
y`hd l`ko.

<) L`r`hd
L`r`hd (Ejhks,
(Ejhks, ljhtuo
ljhtuo l`r`hd
l`r`hd `t`u l`n`h
l`n`h y`hd bkskf
bkskfp`h
p`h).
). Ejhks
b`h ljhtuo l`r`hd b`p`t bkdgaghdo`h oj b`a`f5
`) L`r`hd
L`r`hd lk`s`5
lk`s`5 Ojhb`r``
Ojhb`r``h,
h, fglka
fglka `flua`hi
`flua`hij,
j, `a`t-`a`t
`a`t-`a`t ljr`t,
ljr`t,
lr`ho`r, oursk rgb` baa.
l) L`r`hd onusus5 Gl`t-gl`t`h, `a`t-`a`t fjbks baa.
9) Sj
Sjhd
hd`t
`tur
ur`h
`h ru`
ru`hd
hd
Ljhtuo
Ljhtuo-ljh
-ljhtuo
tuo tjfp`t
tjfp`t pjhykf
pjhykfp`h
p`h`h,
`h, rjhi`h
rjhi`h`` pjhykf
pjhykfp`h
p`h`h,
`h,
pjhdduh``h ru`hd sji`r` jmkskjh b`h pjhd`w`s`h ru`hd`h.
2) Srgsjb
Srgsjbur/
ur/skst
skstjf
jf pjhykf
pjhykfp`h
p`h`h
`h

Mgrfuakr-m
Mgrfuakr-mgrf
grfuak
uakrr tr`hs`
tr`hs`osk
osk,, o`rtu-
o`rtu-o`r
o`rtu
tu i`t`t`h
i`t`t`h,, o`rtu-
o`rtu-o`r
o`rtu
tu
pjfjrkos``h, i`r` pjhd`flka`h l`r`hd, pjhd`wjt`h baa.
:) Sjhd
Sjhddu
duh`
h``h
`h `a`
`a`tt l`ht
l`htu
u
=) Sjhd`f
Sjhd`f`h`
`h`h
h b`h ojsja`
ojsja`f`t
f`t`h
`h
Sjhi
Sjhijd
jd`n
`n`h
`h tjrn
tjrn`b
`b`p
`p `p
`pk,
k, pj
pjhi
hiur
urk`
k`h,
h, tkhb
tkhb`o
`o`h
`h pj
pjhi
hijd
jd`n
`n`h
`h
tjrn
tjrn`b
`b`p
`p oj
ojija
ija`o
`o`h
`h,, d`
d`hd
hddu
du`h
`h tj
tjrn
rn`b
`b`p
`p pj
pjhy
hykf
kfp`
p`h`
h`h
h b`
b`h
h
tkhb`o`h oj`f`h`h.;
j. Muhdsk Sjhy`aur`h (Bkstrklusk)
Sjhy`a
Sjhy`aur`
ur`h
h `t`u bkstrk
bkstrklus
luskk fjrup`
fjrup`o`h
o`h ojdk`t`
ojdk`t`h
h `t`u us`n`
us`n` uhtuo
uhtuo

fjhdjaga` pjfkhb`n`h l`r`hd b`rk s`tu tjfp`t oj tjfp`t a`khhy` .

M`otgr y`hd fjfpjhd`runk pjhy`aur`h l`r`hd `ht`r` a`kh5
a` kh5
0) Sr
Srgs
gsjs
js @bfk
@bfkhk
hkstr
str`sk
`sk
<) Srgsjs pjhy`fp`k
pjhy`fp`k`h
`h ljrkt` (b`t`-b`t`
(b`t`-b`t` khmgrf`sk)
khmgrf`sk)
9) Srgsjs
Srgsjs pjhd
pjhdjau
jau`r`
`r`h
h mksko
mksko l`r`
l`r`hd
hd
2) Sr
Srgs
gsjs
js `hdo
`hdout
ut`h
`h
:) Srgsjs
Srgsjs pjfl
pjflghd
ghdo`r
o`r`h
`h b`h
b`h pjfu`t
pjfu`t`h
`h
=) Sja`os`h``h
Sja`os`h``h rjhi`h`-rjhi`
rjhi`h`-rjhi`h`
h` y`hd
y`hd tja`n bktjhtuo`h
bktjhtuo`h

0>
 Ojtj
Ojtjak
aktk
tk`h
`h b`h
b`h bksk
bkskpa
pakh
kh y`hd
y`hd oj
ojt`
t`tt b`
b`a`
a`f
f fjh`
fjh`hd
hd`h
`hkk f`s`
f`s`a`
a`n
n
pjhy`aur`h fjrup`o`h uhsur y`hd s`hd`t pjhtkhd uhtuo fjhi`p`k
tueu`h y`hd bkn`r`po`h.;
00
:. F`h`ej
F`h`ejfjh
fjh Yufl
Yufljr
jr B`y`
B`y` F`hu
F`husk`
sk` bk
bk SFL
SFL
`. Lkb`h b`a`f pr`otjohy` fjfpjrojre`o`h tjh`d` lkb`h y`hd a`kh, y`hd
fjfkakok YKSL uhtuo fjfl`htu tud`s pja`y`h`hhy`.
l. B`a`f fjhe`a`ho`h tud`s lkb`h n`rus sjrt` fjfpjrt`n`ho`h
b`h fjhkhdo`to`h ojtjr`fpka`h prgmjskhy` `ht`r` a`kh bjhd`h 5
0) Fjhdkoutk pjrojfl`hd`h kafu pjhdjt`nu`h b`h `t`u s`akhd tuo`r
khmgrf`sk bjhd`h sjs`f` lkb`h.
<) Fjhdkoutk ojdk`t`h- ojdk`t`h `o`bjfks b`h pja`tkn`h sjsu`k
bjhd`h
bjhd`h lkb`hd
lkb`hd tud`sh
tud`shy`,
y`, l`ko
l`ko y`hd
y`hd bksjajh
bksjajhdd`
dd`r`o
r`o`h
`h
00
pjfjrkht`n f`upuh gajn grd`hks`sk prgmjsk.
KIF pjri`y` l`nw` tud`s sjtk`p lkb`h `d`r tjt`p `f`h s``t khk pjrau
bka`ouo`h pja`tkn`h b`h pjhdjfl`hd`h. Gajn o`rjh` ktu, fja`heuto`h
pjhbkbko`h n`rus w`ekl uhtuo sjfu` lkb`h. Yjsu`k bjhd`h bk`t`s
l`nw` KIF5:
0) Fjhd`ouk b`h fjhbuouhd ljljr`p` pjhbkbko`h ojlkb`h`h y`hd
fjhdn`skao`h ljrl`d`k prgdr`f pjhbkbko`h, ljrb`s`ro`h Yt`hb`r
Dagl`a KIF uhtuo ljrl`d`k prgdr`f pjhbkbko`h b`h tjr`orjbkt`sk.
<) Fj
Fjhd
hd`o
`ouk
uk b`
b`h
h fjhd
fjhdn`
n`ru
ruso
so`h
`h lk
lkb`
b`h
h pj
pjhb
hbkb
kbko
ko s``t
s``t kh
khkk n`
n`ru
russ

fjhdu`
fjhd u`s`
s`kk tjgr
tjgrkk b`h
b`h pr
pr`o
`otj
tjo
o oa
oakh
khks
ks sj
sjsu
su`k
`k bj
bjhd
hd`h
`h st`h
st`hb`
b`rr
rjogfjhb`sk KIF b`h TNG.
9) Fjhd`ouk l`nw` pjr`h pjhtkhd pjhbkbko`h ljroja`heut`h s`hd`t
bklutuno`h uhtuo ojsja`f`t`h pr`otko ojlkb`h`h.
2) Fjh
Fjhbjs
bjs`o
`o `sgsk`s
`sgsk`skk `hddgt
`hddgt`` uhtuo
uhtuo tjrus
tjrus fjhjru
fjhjruss fjhdu
fjhdupb`
pb`tj
tj
pjhbkbko`h sjsu`k bjhd`h `f`h`t uhtuo ojf`eu`h pjhdjt`nu`h b`h
pr`otko ojlkb`h`h sjl`d`kf`h` tjri`htuf b`a`f Ogbj Jtko
Khtjrh`skgh`a.
:) Fjhd`ouk l`nw`, uhtuo fjfpjrou`t b`h fjf`euo`h pjr`h lkb`h,

skstjf pjhdjfl`hd`h prgmjskgh`a n`rus bk`tur b`h bka`os`h`o`h.

0;
=. \kso F`h`djfjht (F`h`ejfjh \kskog)
B`a`f lkb`hd ojsjn`t`h, f`h`ejfjh rkskog oakhks (F\O) s`a`n s`tu
muhb`fjh y`hd n`rus bka`os`h`o`h gajn uhkt-uhkt pjfljrk `sun`h uhtuo

fjhdn`skao`h a`y`h`h
fjhdn`skao`h ljrfutu.03 \kso f`h`ejfjht (f`h`ejfjh
a`y`h`h ljrfutu. (f`h`ejfjh rkskog)
rkskog)
bkbjmkhksko`h sjl`d`k su`tu ojdk`t`h oakhks b`h `bfkhkstr`tkvj b`a`f r`hdo`
uhtuo fjhdkbjhtkmko`sk, fjhdjv`au`sk, b`h fjhuruho`h rkskog ijbjr` l`dk
p`skjh, tjh`d` ojsjn`t`h, b`h pjhduheuhd sjrt` rkskog ojrudk`h l`dk
grd`hk
grd`hks`sk
s`sk pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h ktu sjhbkrk
sjhbkrk.. E`bk
E`bk sji`r`
sji`r` rkhdo`
rkhdo`ss f`h`ej
f`h`ejfjh
fjh rkskog
rkskog
`b`a`n su`tu us`n` uhtuo fjhdjaga` rkskog oakhks `d`r p`skjh fjhb`p`to`h
pja`y`h`h y`hd ljrfutu b`h `f`h.0<
S`b` Sgakiy Bkrjitkvj Iakhki`a Dgvjrh`hij mgr Fkbwkmjry Fgbjas
gm I`rj l`nw` st`hb`r b`h pjtuheuo ogfuhko`sk y`hd oghskstjh `ht`r`

lkb`h b`h pr`otksk fjbks a`khhy` y`hd bkpjrauo`h b`a`f a`y`h`h ut`f`.
Rjrb`p
Rjrb`p`t
`t eud`
eud` y`hd
y`hd n`rus
n`rus fjhe`b
fjhe`bkk e`a
e`aur
ur ogfuhk
ogfuhko`s
o`skk bkbgou
bkbgoufjh
fjht`sk
t`sko`h
o`h
ojtko`
ojtko` oghsua
oghsuat`s
t`skk bkpjrau
bkpjrauo`h
o`h `ht`r`
`ht`r` a`y`h`
a`y`h`h,
h, y`hd
y`hd fjhi`o
fjhi`oup
up fjtgbj
fjtgbj
pjhi`t`t`h oghsuat`sk tjrsjlut (y`ktu lkb`h b`a`f pja`y`h`h prkfjr oj
ruf`n s`okt rueuo`h).
Yja`kh ktu, prgtgiga bkbgoufjht`sko`h y`hd ljr`b` bk tjfp`t uhtuo
fjru
fjrueu
euo
o b`
b`rk
rk oj a`y`
a`y`h`
h`h
h tkhd
tkhdo`
o`tt y`
y`hd
hd aj
ajlk
lkn
n tkhd
tkhddk
dk eko`
eko` bk
bkpj
pjrau
rauo`
o`h.
h.
Rjrf`suo skstjf tjrbgoufjht`sk uhtuo pjhdkrkf`h khmgrf`sk y`hd jmjotkm
`ht`r` pjhyjbk` a`y`h`h b`h m`skakt`s pjr`w`t`h y`hd bkp`n`fk bjhd`h

l`ko-l`ko b`a`f fjrueuo b`h m`skakt`s rueuo`h. Ytr`tjdk f`h`ejfjh rkskog

eud` n`rus fjf`tunk Ojlke`o`h Ojsjn`t`h Rjrp`bu F`h`ejfjh \kskog.0<
Sja`y`h`h
Sja`y`h`h b`a`f lkb`hd ojsjn`t`h
ojsjn`t`h b`p`t bko`tjdgrko`h
bko`tjdgrko`h sjl`d`k
sjl`d`k
pja`y`h`h y`hd ljrkskog. @b` ljljr`p` ojagfpgo y`hd b`p`t fjhd`a`fk
rkskog,, y`ktu p`skjh, tjh`d` ojsjn`t`h
rkskog ojsjn`t`h (bgotjr,
(bgotjr, pjr`w`t, lkb`h,
lkb`h, b`h tjh`d`
ojsjn`t`h a`khhy`), sjrt` khstktusk pjfljrk pja`y`h`h. F`h`ejfjh rkskog
ogfpghjh50<
p`b` ufufhy` fjakputk tkd` ogfpghjh5
`. \kso kbjhtkmki`tkgh `hb agss prjvjhtkgh.
prjvjhtkgh.
Kbjhtk
Kbjhtkmko
mko`sk
`sk rkskog
rkskog b`h fjhijd
fjhijd`n
`n su`tu
su`tu ojrudk
ojrudk`h.
`h. Ojdk`t
Ojdk`t`h
`h y`hd
y`hd

bka`ou
bka`ouo`h
o`h p`b`
p`b` kbjhtk
kbjhtkmko
mko`sk
`sk rkskog
rkskog b`h pjhijd
pjhijd`n`
`n`h
h ojnka`h
ojnka`hd`h
d`h khk

<3
 `b
`b`a
`a`n
`n fja`
fja`ou
ouo`
o`h
h kb
kbjh
jhtk
tkmko
mko`sk
`sk rksko
rkskog
g y`
y`hd
hd b`
b`p`
p`tt fjhk
fjhkfl
flua
uao`
o`h
h
ojrudk
ojrudk`h
`h b`h fjfpjr
fjfpjrl`ko
l`kok/f
k/fjfl
jfljh`n
jh`nkk sktu`s
sktu`skk `t`u
`t`u f`s`a`n
f`s`a`n y`hd
y`hd
b`p`t fjhkhdo`to`h ojrudk`h `t`u khskbjh y`hd ljrpgtjhsk fjrudko`h

p`skjh, pjtud`s ojsjn`t`h, o`ry`w`h, b`h pjhdjaga` SFL.

l. Agss rjbuitkgh
B`a`f `otkvkt`s
`otkvkt`s Agss rjbuitkgh, a`h
a`hdo`
do`n
n y`hd
y`hd bk`flk
bk`flkaa fja`ou
fja`ouo`h
o`h
tkhb`o`h
tkhb`o`h sjtja`n tjre`bk khskbjht,
khskbjht, bjhd`h
bjhd`h tueu`h
tueu`h uhtuo
uhtuo fjhkf`ao`h
fjhkf`ao`h
ojrudk`h (fktkd`sk) y`hd fjhdjh`k p`skjh, o`ry`w`h, `t`upuh lkb`h.
i. \kso mkh`hikhd
Ojdk
Ojdk`t
`t`h
`h y`hd
y`hd bka`
bka`ou
ouo`
o`h
h b`
b`a`
a`f
f \kso Mkh`hikhd `b
`b`a
`a`n
`n uh
uhtu
tuo
o

fjhe`fkh l`nw` grd`hks`sk (SFL) fjfkakok sufljr mkh`hska y`hd

fjhiuoupk
fjhiuoupk uhtuo fjh`ddua`h
fjh`ddua`hdk
dk `hi`f`h
`hi`f`h ojrudk`h
ojrudk`h y`hd fuhdokh
b`p`t tjre`bk, s`a`n s`tu up`y` y`hd bka`ouo`h fks`ahy` fjw`eklo`h
lkb`h uhtuo fjhdkoutk pja`tkn`h, `sur`hsk dud`t`h f`a pr`otko, `t`u
fja`heuto`h pjhbkbko`h03
b. Ightkhukhd Srgmjsskgh`a Bjvjagpfjht (Fja`heuto`h Sjhdjfl`hd`h
Srgmjskgh`a)
Ojl
Ojlkb
kb`h
`h`h
`h `b
`b`a
`a`n
`n prg
rgmj
mjsk
sk y`h
`hd
d uhk
hko
o y`
y`h
hd b`a
`a`f
`f tu
tud
d`s
`sh
hy`
fjfj
fjfjra
rauo
uo`h
`h pjhd
pjhdjt
jt`n
`nu`
u`h,
h, oj
ojtj
tjr`
r`fp
fpka
ka`h
`h,, b`
b`h
h pj
pjrk
rka`
a`ou
ou sj
sjrt
rt``

ogfpjtjhs
ogfpjt jhskk ljrs`f
ljrs`f`` b`h pjhdjt
pjhdjt`nu
`nu`h
`h bjhd`h
bjhd`h bkskpa
bkskpakh
kh ojsjn`t
ojsjn`t`h
`h
a`khhy`. Yjl`dk`h ljs`r pjhdjt`nu`h b`h ogfpjtjhsk bkb`s`ro`h p`b`
luotk y`hd bkn`skao`h b`rk pjhjaktk`h bka`ouo`h gajn lkb`h b`h a`kh-
a`kh
a`kh.. Ga
Gajn
jn o`
o`rj
rjh`
h` ktu,
ktu, oj
ojlk
lkb`
b`h`
h`h
h fjfj
fjfjra
rauo
uo`h
`h pj
pjhd
hdjt
jt`n
`nu`
u`h
h b`
b`h
h
ogfpjtjhsk y`hd oghskstjh bktkhe`u b`h bkrjvksk ljrb`s`ro`h tjfu`h
b`rk stubk ou`akt`s l`ru b`h tkhddk. L`hy`o hjd`r` s``t khk ojur`hd
fjfljrko`h
fjfljrko`h pjau`hd
pjau`hd l`dk lkb`h uhtuo fja`heuto`h
fja`heuto`h pjhdjfl`hd`h
pjhdjfl`hd`h
ojlkb`h`h pjhbkbko`h a`heut.0<
j. Igfpjtjhiy Fj`surjfjht (Sjhka`k`h Ogfpjtjhsk)

<0
 Igfpjt
Igfpjtjhi
jhiyy fj`sur
fj`surjfj
jfjht
ht fjh
fjhur
urut
ut KIF
KIF (Khtjrh`tkgh`a
Ighmjbjr`tkgh Fkbwkvjs)
Fkbwkvjs) l`nw`5:
0) Fjhd
Fjhd`o
`ou
uk b`h
b`h fjh
fjhdn
dn`r
`ru
uso
so`h
`h ogfpj
gfpjtj
tjhs
hskk uht
htu
uo pr`
r`o
otj
tjo
o

ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h,, ljrb`s
ljrb`s`ro
`ro`h
`h p`b`
p`b` KIF Jssjhtk`a Igfpjtjhikjs mgr
L`ski Fkbwkmjry Sr`itkij,
Sr`itkij, bk
bkbj
bjmkh
mkhksk
ksko`
o`h
h sji`r`
sji`r` ag
ago`
o`a,
a, sjsu`
sjsu`kk
bjhd`h ojlutun`h khbkvkbu, ojau`rd` b`h `rj` buhk` bk f`h` lkb`h
ljra`tkn.
<) Fjhbuo
Fjhbuouhd
uhd b`h fjflutun
fjflutuno`h
o`h l`nw` ogfpjtj
ogfpjtjhsk
hsk pjhtkhd
pjhtkhd uhtuo
pr`otko ojlkb`h`h tjrf`suo b`a`f bjs`kh b`h kfpajfjht`sk
ourkouauf ojlkb`h`h.
9) Fjhd`f
Fjhd`f`h`
`h`to`
to`h
h l`nw`
l`nw` ourkou
ourkouauf
auf fjfljrko
fjfljrko`h
`h ojsjfp
ojsjfp`t`
`t`h
h l`dk
l`dk
sjfu` pjsjrt` bkbko uhtuo fjfpjrgajn pjhdjt`nu`h, ojtjr`fpka`h

b`h pjrka`
pjrka`ou
ou prgmjss
prgmjsskgh
kgh`a
`a uhtuo
uhtuo fjfuhd
fjfuhdokh
okho`h
o`h lkb`h
lkb`h b`p`t
b`p`t
ljra`tkn b`a`f fja`os`h`o`h pjr`hhy` sjsu`k ojsjp`o`t`h b`a`f
KIF Bjmkhktkgh gm tnj Fkbwkmj.
2) S`b
S`b` p`hb
p`hbu`
u`h
h Sgakiy BkrjitkvjIakhki`a Dgvjrh`hij mgr Fkbwkmjry
I`rj . Lkb`h fjflutuno`h luotk ogfpjtjhsk ojlkb`h`h
Fgbjas gm I`rj.
bk5
`) Sjrl`ko`h
Sjrl`ko`h pjrkhjuf
pjrkhjuf b`h pjfjrkos``h
pjfjrkos``h spjouau
spjouauf,
f,
l) O`hua`sk K] b`h vjhkpuhiturj,
i) \jsusk
\jsuskt`sk
t`sk hjgh
hjgh`t`
`t`a,
a,

b) \jsusk
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ojpjr`w`t`h.2

<<
 m. Igaa`lgr`tkvj I`rj (Sjr`w`t`h Oga`lgr`sk)03
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lutuno`h b`rk skstjf pjr`w`t`h ojsjn`t`h - pjr`w`t`h y`hd tjp`t

p`b` w`otu y`hd tjp`t b`rk pjhyjbk` y`hd tjp`t. Lkb`h ljroga`lgr`sk
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ojlke`o`h f`sy`r`o`t b`h ruf`n s`okt, b`h str`tjdk tkhdo`t prgvkhsk
b`h pjrjhi`h``h. Sjr`h fjrup`o`h tkhdo`n a`ou y`hd bka`ouo`h gajn
gr`hd a`kh tjrn`b`p sjsjgr`hd sjsu`k bjhd`h ojbubuo`h b`a`f su`tu
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aj`bjr, b`h f`h`djr.

I. Ojlke`o`h b`h t`t` ojaga` y`hd

y`hd bka`ouo`h
bka`ouo`h pjfjrkht`n
pjfjrkht`n bk Khbghjsk`
0. Zhb`hd-uhb`hd Hgfgr
Hgfgr 2 t`nuh <30; tjh t`hd Ojlkb`h`h09
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(0) Yjtk`p Lkb`h
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y`hd `o`h fjhe`a`ho
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fjfkakokk
YR\.
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sjl`d`kf`h`
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bkljrko`h gajn
gajn Oghska
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ojp`b`
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Sjrsy`r`t`h sjl`d`k
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b p`b` `y`t (<)
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pjruhb`hduhb`hd`h?
l. Fjfkakok Yjrtkmko`t Ogfpjtjhsk `t`u Yjrtkmko`t Srgmjsk?
i. Fjfkak
Fjfkakok
ok sur`t
sur`t ojtjr`
ojtjr`hd`
hd`h
h sjn`t
sjn`t mksko
mksko b`h f
fjht
jht`a?
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sur`t pjrhy`t``h
pjrhy`t``h tja`n
tja`n fjhdui`
fjhdui`po`h
po`h sufp`n/
sufp`n/e`hek
e`hek prgmjsk?
prgmjsk?
b`h
j. Fjfl
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u`tt pj
pjrh
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y`t`
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nk b`
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h fja`
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ojtjhtu`h jtko` prgmjsk.

Kzkh Sr`otko

<9
 S`s`a <:
(0) Lkb`h
Lkb`h y`hd `o`h
`o`h fjhe`a
fjhe`a`ho
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Sr`otko
o Ojlkb`
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h`h w`ekl fjfkako
fjfkakokk kzkh
kzkh
pr`otko

(<)
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azkh pr
pr`o
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(0)) bk
bklj
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f
ljhtuo YKSL.
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sjl`d`kf`h`` bkf`osub p`b` `y`t (<) bkljrko`h
bkljrko`h gajn Sjfjrkht`n
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y`hd
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fjhe`a`ho`h pr`otkohy`.
S`s`a <=
(0) Lkb`h p`akhd
p`akhd l`hy`o fjhb`p`
fjhb`p`to`h
to`h < (bu`) YKSL.
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uhtuo5
`. 0 (s`tu)
(s`tu) bk Rjfp`t
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Sr`otko
o F`hb
F`hbkrk
krk Lkb`h
Lkb`h b`h
b`h 0 (s`tu)
(s`tu) bk M`skakt
M`skakt`s
`s

Sja`y`h`h Ojsjn`t`h sja`kh br Rjfp`t Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h? `t`u

l. < (bu`) Sr`otko Ojlkb`h`h bk M`skakt`s pja`y`h`h Ojsjn`t`h sja`kh
bk Rjfp`t Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h.
S`s`a 93
(0) Sjhyja
Sjhyjajhd
jhdd`r
d`r`` M`skak
M`skakt`s
t`s Sja`y`
Sja`y`h`h
h`h Ojsjn`
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t`h n`rus
n`rus fjhb`y
fjhb`y`du
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h`o`h
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Lkb`h y`hd fjfkakok YR\ b`h YKSL.
(<) Sjhyja
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jhdd`r
d`r`` M`skakt
M`skakt`s
`s Sja`y`
Sja`y`h`h
h`h Ojsjn`t
Ojsjn`t`h
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y`hd fjhb`y
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h`o`h
`h
Lkb`h y`hd tkb`o fjfkakok YR\ b`h YKSL sjl`d`kf`h` bkf`osub p`b`
`y`t (0) bkojh`k s`hosk `bfkhkstr`tkm ljrup`5

`. Rjdu
Rjdur`
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h tjrt
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uaks
ks??
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i. Sjh
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ut`h kzkh
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S`s`a 20
(0) Sr`otko
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bka`ouo`h
h bk5
`. Rjfp`t Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h?
l. M`skakt`s Sja`y`h`h Ojsjn`t`h a`khhy`.
(<) Sr`otko
Sr`otko Ojlkb`h`h
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sjl`d`kf`h` bkf`osub p`b` `y`t (0) n`rus bka`ouo`h
bka`ouo`h
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<2
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st`h
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prgm
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S`s`a 29

(0) Lkb`h auaus`h

auaus`h pjhbkbko`h
pjhbkbko`h bkpagf` tkd` n`hy` b`p`t fja`ouo`h
fja`ouo`h Sr`otko
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(<) Lkb`h auaus`h pjhbkbko`h prgmjsk
prgmjsk b`p`t fja`ouo`h
fja`ouo`h Sr`otko Ojlkb`h`h bk
Rjfp`t Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h b`h bk M`skakt`s Sja`y`h`h Ojsjn`t`h
a`khhy`.
(9) Sr`otko
Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h sjl`d`kf`h`
sjl`d`kf`h` bkf`osub
bkf`osub p`b` `y`t (<) bka`ouo`h
bka`ouo`h
n`hy` p`b` 0 (s`tu) Rjfp`t Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h
S`s`a 22
(0) Lkb`h auaus`h
auaus`h pjhbkbko`h
pjhbkbko`h prgmjsk y`hd fjhe`a`ho`h
fjhe`a`ho`h Sr`otko
Sr`otko Ojlkb`h`h

bk Rjfp`t Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h w`ekl fjf`s`hd p`p`h h`f` pr`otko.

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s`h
h`o
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h?
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kstr
tr`tk
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m? b`h/`
b`h/`t`
t`u
u

b. Sj
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kzkh..
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S`s`a 2:
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st`hb`r pja`y`h`h b`h ojtjhtu`h pjr`tur`h pjruhb`hd-uhb`hd`h.

<:
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h y`hd
y`hd tkb`
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m? b`h/`
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(0)
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ljrjhi`h`?
b. Sja`os`h``h
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u
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oj`b``h ojtjrl`
ojtjrl`t`s`h
t`s`h tjrtjhtu.
tjrtjhtu.
(<) Rud`s
Rud`s Lkb`h sjl`d`kf`h`
sjl`d`kf`h` bkf`osub p`b` `y`t (0) b`p`r bka`os`h`
bka`os`h`o`h
o`h
sji`r` ljrs`f` `t`u sjhbkrk.
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`h``h
`h tud`s
tud`s sjl`d`
sjl`d`kf`
kf`h`
h` bkf`os
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ub p`b`
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`y`t (0) bka`os
bka`os`h`
`h`o`h
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sji`r` ljrt`hdduhd e`w`l b`h `ouht`lja.

S`s`a 4>
Sjr`tur`h pja`os`h``h b`rk Zhb`hd-Zhb`hd khk n`rus bktjt`po`h p`akhd
a`f` < (bu`)t`nuh tjrnktuhd sje`o
sje `o Zhb`hd-Zhb`hd khk bkuhb`hdo`h.
S`s`a <;
Ojtjhtu`h ajlkn a`heut fjhdjh`k kzkh pr`otko Lkb`h sjl`d`kf`h` bkf`osub
b`a`f S`s`a <: s`fp`k bjhd`h S`s`a <> bk`tur bjhd`h Sjr`tur`h Fjhtjrk.
<. Sjr`tur`h Fjhtjrk Ojsjn`t`h \jpulako Khbghjsk` Hgfgr <> R`nuh
<304 tjht`hd Kzkh B`h Sjhyjajhdd`r``h Sr`otko Lkb`h 02

S`s`a 93

<=
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(0).
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y`r`t
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(0)) fjak
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pjrsy`r`t`h ago`sk, l`hduh`h, pr`s`r`h`, pjr`a`t`h, sjrt` gl`t
b`h l`n`h n`lks p`o`k.
S`s`a 90
Sjrsy`r`t`h ago`sk sjl`d`kf`h` bkf`osub b`a`f S`s`a 93 `y`t
(<) ljrup` Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h n`rus ljr`b` p`b` ago`sk y`hd
fub`n uhtuo `osjs rueuo`h b`h fjfpjrn`tko`h `spjo ojsjn`t`h
akhdouhd`h.

S`s`a 9<
Sjrsy`r`t`h
Sjrsy`r`t`h l`hduh`h sjl`d`kf`h`
sjl`d`kf`h` bkf`osub
bkf`osub b`a`f S`s`a 93
`y`t (<) fjakputk ru`hd b`a`f l`hduh`h Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h
y`hd tjrbkrk `t`s5
`. \u
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d tuh
tuhdd
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\u`h
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ljrs`a
`akh
kh??
b. \u`h
\u`hd
d hkm`
hkm`s?
s?
j. TI/
TI/o`f
o`f`r
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f`hbk? b`h

m. \u`
\u`hd
hd a`kh
a`kh sjsu`
sjsu`kk ojlut
ojlutun`
un`h.
h.
S`s`a 99
(0)
(0) Yja`
Yja`kh
kh pj
pjrsy
rsy`r`
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f S`
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9<,,
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Gpjr`skgh`a Srgsjbur
Srgsjbur (YGS) b`h eud` tjrtu`hd
tjrtu`hd bk
bk
Srgt`p.
l) Sjhdjaga``h b`h pja`os`h``h F`h`ejfjh Gl`t b`a`f Sr`otjo F`hbkrk
Lkb`h

23
Bkb`a`f pjhdjaga``h gl`t lkb`h ljroga`lgr`sk bjhd`h pjtud`s m`rf`sk.
Ljrkout pjheja`s`h `aur f`suo gl`t.
Y`ajs Gl`t B`t`
B`t`hd
hd oj SFL
SFL uh
uhtu
tuo
o fjhd
fjhd`f
`flk
lkaa

la`hog pjfjs`h`h Gl`t sjsu`k

bjhd`h
bjhd`h pjrfkh
pjrfkht``h
t``h b`h fja`ou
fja`ouo`h
o`h
kho`sg.

Gl`t B`t`hd Fjhy`p` s`ajs

Gl`t Bktjrkf` 0.
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Fjhjrkf`
f` Gl`t
<.Fja`ou
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Sjfjs`h`h Gl`t
9.Lka` tja`n sjsu`k M`otur @sak bkljrk
p`r`m, h`f` b`h t`hdd`a pjhjrkf``h
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2.Y`ajss `o
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Igpy m`otu
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Sjhykfp`h`h b`h Sjh`t``h Gl`tt bkskfp

Gl` bkskfp`h
`h bkb`a`
bkb`a`f
f bkb`a`
bkb`a`f
f r`o

`b
`b`p
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uh pj
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t``h
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gl`t
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ljrb
rb`s`
`s`ro
ro`h
`h

20
 ljhtuo sjbk``h. Sjh`t``h Gl`t
fjhdkoutk prkhskp MKMG (Mkrst kh Mkrst
Gut) y`ktu gl`t y`hd buau f`suo `o`h

bk
bkoj
ojau
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`ro`
o`h
h aj
ajlk
lkn
n bu
buau
au b`
b`h
h MJMG
MJMG
(Mkr
(Mkrst
st Jxpk
Jxpkrjb
rjb Mkrs
Mkrstt Gut)
Gut) y`
y`kt
ktu
u gl
gl`t
`t
y`
y`hd
hd fjfk
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akok
ok t`
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ijp`t f`o`
f`o` bkojau
bkojau`ro
`ro`h
`h ajlkn
ajlkn
buau uhtuo bkduho`h ojp`b` p`skjh.
D`fl`r 9.2 @aur Sjhdjaga``h Gl`t

i) F`h`ejfjh
F`h`ejfjh Sjh`t`a`os`h
Sjh`t`a`os`h``h
``h b`h Sjhdjaga``h
Sjhdjaga``h ]`oskh
Ljrkout `aur pjhdjaga``h ]`oskh

Lkb`h SFL Lkb`h Susojsf`s Lkb`h SFL

fjhuakso`h eufa`n fjhjrkf` la`hog lkb`h fjhjrkf`

b`h ejhks v`oskh y`hd pjrfkht``h v`oskh v`oskh b`rk
sub`n tjrp`o`k p`b` b`h fja`ouo`h pusojsf`s b`h
fkhddu sjljaufhy` pjhdjijo`h fjhykfp`hhy`
ojb`a`f la`hog y`hd ojljh`r`h b`t` p`b` ojb`a`f
tja`n bksjbk`o`h gajn v`oskh sjljaufhy`. ouao`s/ajf`rk js
pusojsf`s fjfljrko`h v`oskh v`oskh.
lkb`h fjhueu oj b`h spukt v`oskh lkb`h fja`ouo`h
pusojsf`s fjfl`w` sjsu`k bjhd`h eufa`n pjhi`t`t`h sunu
igga lgx uhtuo b`h ejhks v`oskh y`hd uhtuo v`oskh y`ktu <-
fjfkht` v`oskh oj tjrtjr` bk la`hog >3I y`hd bka`ouo`h
pusojsf`s sjsu`k pjrfkht``h v`oskh ruh sj`p p`dk b`h
bjhd`h eufa`n v`oskh sgrj
y`hd tjrtjr` bk la`hog
pjrfkht``h v`oskh

D`fl`r 9.: @aur Sjhdjaga``h ]`oskh

b) F`h`e
F`h`ejf
jfjh
jh Sjh`
Sjh`t`
t`a`
a`os
os`h
`h``
``h
h b`
b`h
h Sjhd
Sjhdja
jaga
ga``
``h
h Akfl
Akfl`n
`n b`
b`a`
a`f
f Sr`o
Sr`otj
tjo
o
F`hbkrk Lkb`h
Akfl`n b`a`f pr`otjo f`hbkrk lkb`h tjrbkrk b`rk akfl`n khmjoskus,

hgh khmjoskus b`h ljhb` t`e`f. Sr`otjo F`hbkrk Lkb`h Ljotk Yrk @stutk

2<
 fjhyjb
fjhyjbk`h
k`h tjfp`t
tjfp`t s`fp`n
s`fp`n ousus
ousus akfl`n
akfl`n khmjos
khmjoskus
kus,, hg
hgh
h khmjos
khmjoskus
kus b`h
Y`mjty lgx uhtuo akfl`n ljhb` t`e`f. B`a`f pjhdjaga``h akfl`n pkn`o
SFL (Sr`otjo F`hbkrk Lkb`h) Ljotk Yrk @stutk ljojre`s`f` bjhd`h pkn`o

pusojsf`s. @b`puh `aur

` aur pjh`t`a`os`h``h b`h pjhdjaga``h akfl`n sjl`d`k
ljrkout5

Lk
Lkb`
b`h
h Fjhj
Fjhjht
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`h ej
ejhk
hkss akfl
akfl`n
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tj
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uo oj
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f o`
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rk akfl
akfl`n
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khmjosk
khmjoskus,
us, hgh-kh
hgh-khmjo
mjosku
skuss `t`u
`t`u ljhb`
ljhb`
t`e`f.

Lkb`h Fjflu`hd
Fjflu`hd oj tjfp`t
tjfp`t s`fp`n sjsu`k
bjhd`h ejhks akfl`n b`h ejhks tjfp`t
s`fp`n

Yjtja`n akfl`n pjhun f`o` akfl`n hgh khmjoskus bkojaga` sji`r` f`hbkrk
y`
y`kt
ktu
u bj
bjhd
hd`h
`h fja`
fja`ou
ouo`
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h pj
pjfl
fl`o
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`h p`
p`b`
b` akfl
akfl`n
`n hg
hgh-
h-kh
khmj
mjos
osku
kus.
s.
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pkn`o pusojsf`s.
Lkb`h
Lkb`h Fjfl`w
Fjfl`w`` akfl`n
akfl`n khmjos
khmjoskus
kus b`h oj
pusojsf`s

Skn`o pusojsf`s Fjhjrkf` akfl`n khmjoskus b`h ljhb`

t`e`f ojfubk`h fja`ouo`h
pjhdjaga``h akfl`n sjsu`k bjhd`h
YGS.
D`fl`r 9.= @aur Sjhdjaga``h Akfl`n

j) F`h`ejfjh
F`h`ejfjh Sjh`t`a`o
Sjh`t`a`os`h``h
s`h``h b`h
b`h Sjhdjaga``
Sjhdjaga``h
h Bgoufjht`
Bgoufjht`sk
sk b`a`f Sr`otjo
Sr`otjo
F`hbkrk Lkb`h
B`a`f pjhbgoufjht`sk`h bk SFL (Sr`otjo F`hbkrk Lkb`h) Ljotk Yrk
@stutk @fb.Ojl t`fp`o ljdktu r`pk b`h tjri`t`t sjd`a` ejhks pja`y`h`h
y`hd tja`n bka`ouo`h ojp`b` p`skjh. @b`puh ejhks pjhbgoufjht`sk`h y`hd
bka`ouo`h fjhdduh`o`h5

29
 0) Luou
Luou \jdkstjr
\jdkstjr b`h \jo`f
\jo`f Fjbks
Fjbks (\F) @HI
@HI Ouheuhd
Ouheuhd`h
`h @w`a b`h
b`h
Ouheuhd`h Za`hd
<) Luou
Luou \jdkst
\jdkstjr
jr b`h \jo`f
\jo`f Fjbks
Fjbks Kfuh
Kfuhks`
ks`sk
sk

9) Luou
Luou \jdks
\jdkstjr
tjr b`h
b`h \jo`
\jo`f
f Fjbks
Fjbks OL
2) Luou
Luou \jdkst
\jdkstjr
jr b`h \jo`f
\jo`f Fjbks
Fjbks Sjrs`
Sjrs`akh
akh`h
`h
:) Luou
Luou \jdks
\jdkstjr
tjr b`h
b`h \jo`
\jo`f
f Fjbks
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Hkm`s
=) Luou
Luou \jdk
\jdkst
stjr
jr FRL
FRLY/
Y/FR
FRLF
LF
4) Luou
Luou \jdk
\jdkst
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ZYD
@b`p
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Fjbks fjh
fjhdd
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tjoh
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ko
pjhykfp`h`h ejhks Ytr`kdnt Hufjrki`a Mkakhd y`hd bkojh`a bjhd`h skstjf
pjhe`e`r`h bjhd`h hgfgr a`hdsuhd y`ktu skstjf pjhykfp`h`h \F bjhd`h
fjhe`e`
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h \F ljrb`s
ljrb`s`ro
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b`rk `hdo`
`hdo`

tjrojika y`ktu `hdo` s`tu sje`o `w`a t`nuh nkhdd` `onkr t`nuh b`h ojtko`
fjf`
fjf`su
suok
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t`nuh
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pjfjrkos``h tjri`t`t
b`a`f rjo`f fjbks y`hd fjfkakok w`rh` y`hd ljrljb` bk`ht`r`hy`5
0) \F uhtu
uhtuo
o @HI
@HI ljrw`r
ljrw`rh`
h` Fjr`n
Fjr`n Fub`
Fub`
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Kfuhks`
ks`sk
sk ljrw`r
ljrw`rh`
h` Ouhkh
Ouhkhd
d
9) \F uhtuo
uhtuo OL ljrw`r
ljrw`rh`
h` Nke`u
Nke`u
2) \jo`f uhtuo
uhtuo Sjrs`akh
Sjrs`akh`h
`h bkluouou
bkluououo`h
o`h b`a`f
b`a`f 0-9 t`nuh
t`nuh tjr`onkr
tjr`onkr
Ljrl`d`k Ljhtuo pja`pgr`h tja`n bka`ouo`h sjpjrtk5

0) Sja`pg
Sja`pgr`h
r`h ojp`b`
ojp`b` Susojs
Susojsf`s
f`s
<) Sja`pgr`h
Sja`pgr`h ojp`b`
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Lkb`h Bjakf`
Bjakf`
9) Sja`
Sja`pg
pgr`h
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p`b`
b` LOOL
LOOLH
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h
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Kfpa`h, ljb dyh KZB, OL suhtko 9
lua`h f`upuh 0 lua`h,
lua`h, pka OL baa.
m) F`h`
F`h`ej
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fjh
h b`a`
b`a`f
f Sj
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h Oju`
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Ljotkk Yr
Yrkk @stu
@stutk
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@fb.Ojl
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ojsjaurun`h pjhdjaga``h
pjhdjaga``h oju`hd`h bkoggrbkhkr
bkoggrbkhkr gajn Lkb`h Ljotk
Yrk @stutk YRr.Ojl y`hd tjrd`fl`r b`a`f `aur o`s ojau`r f`suo bk SFL

Ljotk Yrk @stutk @fb.Ojl5

22
 O`s F`suo O`s Ojau`r Khvjst`sk
F`suohy` u`hd p`skjh Zhtuo pjfl`y`r`h Yks` o`s f`suo
suo
b`r
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sjsu
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o`h h
@stutk @fb.Ojl Zhtuo
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ek O`ry
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sjsu`k bjhd`h ZF\.
Zhtuo pjfl`y`r`h
pjhdjaga``h akfl`n.
Zhtuo pjfl`y`r`h
akstrko.
Zhtuo pjfl`y`r`h
l`n`h n`lks p`o`k

sjsu`k bjhd`h
ojlutun`h.
Zhtuo pjrl`ko`h s`r`h`
b`h pr`s`r`h SFL
sjsu`k bjhd`h
ojlutun`h.

=. Jv`au`
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sk f`h`ejf
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jh pja`y`
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fja`ouo`h jv`au`sk f`h`djfjh b`a`f pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h. Yjl`d`k s`a`n
s`tu ightgn o`sus b`a`f fja`ouo`h jv`au`sk sjl`d`k ljrkout5
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ljreufa`n :< p`skjh p`rtus hgrf`a sjb`hdo`h bkt`nuh <30> tjri`t`t eufa`n
p`skjh p`rtus bk SFL Ljotk Yrk @stutk ljreufa`n =4 p`skjh p`rtus hgrf`ab`h
bkt`
bkt`nu
nuh
h <3
<304
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p`skj
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n 43 p`
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h sjpjrt
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2:
>3

43
Eufa`n S`skjh
43 S`skj=4h Sjrs
S jrs`a
`akh`h
kh`h Hgrf`a <304-<
<3 04-<03;
03;

=3

:<
:3

23

93 Eufa`n S`skjh Sjrs`akh`h Hgrf`a

<304-<03;

<3

03

3
<304 <30> <30;

N`a tjrsjlut fjhuheuoo`h `b`hy` pjhuruh`h eufa`n p`skjh p`rtus

b`rk

D`fl`r 9.4 Eufa`n S`skjh Sjrs`akh`h Hgrf`a <304-<30;

Yjtja`n
Yjtja`n fjhdjt
fjhdjt`nu
`nukk b`t`
b`t` tjrsjlu
tjrsjlutt f`o`
f`o` Lkb`h
Lkb`h Oggrbk
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h`tgr
gr sjdjr`
sjdjr`
fja`ouo`h jv`au`sk b`rk ljrl`d`k f`i`f `spjo y`hd fjfpjhd`runk, fua`k

b`rk `spjo sjrvkij pja`y`h`h, `spjo pjhgaghd pjrs`akh`h, `spjo s`r`h` b`h

@spjo
2=
Sjhgaghd/
Sjtud`s
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@spjo
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sjrvkij
pja`y`h`h
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Sja`y`h`h

pjhuruh`h eufa`n p`skjh.

D`fl`r 9.> L`d`h Jv`au`sk Sr`otjo F`hbkrk Lkb`h Ljotk Yrk @stutk
@fb.Ojl

Ljrb`s`ro`h
Ljrb`s`ro`h n`ska w`w`hi`r`
w`w`hi`r` Ljotk Yrk @stutk YRr. Ojl fjheja`so`h
fjheja`so`h
l`nw` ljrl`d`k `spjo au`r y`hd fjfpjhd`runk pjhuruh`h eufa`n p`skjh
pjrs`akh`h b`rk t`nuh oj t`nuh bkfuhdokho`h
bkfuhdokho`h o`rjh` tkhddkhy` `hdo` oje`bk`h
Yjitkg Ijs`rk` tjrut`f` p`b` prkfkdr`vkb` ljrpjhd`run p`b` ejhks pjrs`akh`h
p`b` ojn`fka`h ljrkouthy` y`hd ljrpgtjhsk ljs`r `o`h fja`nkro`h bjhd`h
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Ngrfgh`a p`b` T`hkt` Zsk` Yulur
Yulur (TZY), tkhd
tkhddkhy`
dkhy` baa.

24
 Rrjhb Eufa`n Sjrs`akh`h R`nuh <304-<30; bk SFL Ljo Yrk @stu
@fb.Ojl
0<
00
03
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<304 <30> <30;

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E`hu`rk-Bjsjfljr <30> b`h <30;

D`fl`r 9.; Rrjhb Eufa`n S`skjh R`nuh <304-<30; bk Sr`otjo F`hbkrk

Lkb`h Ljotk Yrk @stutk @fb.Ojl

4. Sjhdjhb`ak
Sjhdjhb`ak`h
`h b`h
b`h fghktgrkh
fghktgrkhd
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`. Sjrsy`
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jh
Hg. Khbko`tgr [` Rkb`o
0) Khstrufjh
Khstrufjh
@. Yjt pjfjrkos``h glstjtrk
glstjtrk dyhjogagdk
dyhjogagdk
0. L`o khstrufjh bjhd`h tutup ]
<. L`ok agd`f tjfp`t `a`t stjrka ljrtutup ]
9. \jmajo n`ffjr ]
2. Sjh a`hsjt (`utg iakio) ]

:. Rjhskfjtjr bjw`s` ]

2>
=. Ytjtgsogp bjw`s` ]
4. Yubkp akb`n ]
>. Rjrfgfjtjr bjw`s` ]
;. Rk
Rkfl`hd`h bjw`s` ]
03. Rgrhkqujt o`rjt ]
00. Bgpajr ]
0<. Duhtkhd ljh`hd ]
09. Duhtkhd jpkskgtgfk ]
02. Duhtkhd t`ak pus`t ]
0:. Duhtkhd pjrl`h ]
0=. Oajf o`s`/ ogrjht`hd ]
04. Rjfp`t
Rjfp`t ogrjht
ogrjht`hd
`hd ]
0>. A`fpu pjrkos` n`agdjh ]
0;. F`sojr goskdjh
goskdjh + o`hua`
o`hua` h`ss`a bjw`s`
bjw`s` ]
<3. Fje` khstru
khstrufjh
fjh ]
<0. H`apubjr ]
<<. E`hdo` p`hddua ]
<9.
Sk
Skhsjt e`rkhd`h ( skrurdks) ]
<2.
Skhsjt o`ss` (`h`tgfks) ]
<:
<:..
Skhs
Skhsjt
jt lj
ljb`
b`nn ]
<=.
¶ oginjr ]
<4.
Ypjouauf (skfs) ]
<>.
Ypjoua
Ypjouauf
uf igigr
igigr ljljo
ljljo ]
<;.
Khmus Yjt ]
93.
Ytjtgs
Ytjtgsogp
ogp bjw`s`
bjw`s` ]
90.
Ytjtgosgp e`hkh/Aj`hji ]
9<.
R`
R `luhd goskdjh b`h rjdua`tgr ]
L. Yjt Sjfjrkos``h Ojsjn`t`h @h`o
0. @a`t pjhduour p`he`hd l`yk ]
<. A`fpu pjrkos` ]
9.
Sjhduour akhdo`r ojp`a` ]
2.
Sjhduour tkhddk l`b`h `h`o ]
:.
Rkfl`hd l`yk ]
I. Yjt Sja`y`h`h OL
0. L`ok agd`f tjfp`t `a`t stjrka ljrtutup ]
<. Kfpa`h okt ]
9. KZB okt ]
2. @a
@akd
kd`t
`tgr
gr js
jsot
otr`
r`ot
otgr
gr @OB\
@OB\ ]
:. Du
Duhtkhd f`yg I]B ]
=. Oajf
Oajf o`ss`
o`ss` aurus
aurus (spghd
(spghdjj mgstjr
mgstjr str`kdn
str`kdnt)
t) ]
4. Oajf pjh`rko ljh`hd @OB\ ]
>. Yg
Yghbj utjrus skfs ]
;. Rjh`ouauf sinrgjbjr ]
03. Yi`pja ]

2;
 00.
Rrgin`r ]
B. Yjt Kfuhks`sk
0. ]`ii
]`iikh
khjj i`rk
i`rkjr
jr ]
<. ]`iikhj rjmrkdkr`tgr ]
J. Yjt \jsuskt`sk L`yk
0. L`ly
L`ly suit
suitkg
kgh
h pupuff pg
pgrt`
rt`la
lajj ]
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Fje` rjrjsu
susk
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sk bjh
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(khm`
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M. Sjr`a`t`h a`kh
0. L`ht`a ]
<. Iajfjo pa`ststkko ]
9. O`i`f`t` dggdaj ]
2. Yjp`tu lggt ]
:. Sjhu
Sjhutu
tup
p r`
r`fl
flut ut ]
=. Buo lgaghd ]
4. O`sur ]
>. Ajf`rk `a`t ]
;. Ajf`rk gl`t ]
03. Fjtakhj ]
00. Sjra`o ]
0<. Skspgt ]
09. Skt`
Skt` pjh
jhd
duour
uour aka`
aka` ]
02. Yprjk ]
0:. Yjt tuflun ojfl`hd `h`o (YBKBRO) ]
0=. Yko`t uhtuo fjfljrskno`h pjr`a`t`h ]
04.
04. Rjfp
Rjfp`t`t s`
s`fp
fp`n
`n tjrt
tjrtut
utup
up y`hd
y`hd bk
bkaj
ajhd
hdo`
o`pk
pk bj
bjhd
hd`h
`h ]
khe`o`h pjfluo` pjhutup
0>. Rkr`k ]
0;. Rgpajs o`p`s/o`ss` stjrka ]
<3. Rrgfga o`ss`/o`kh stjrka ]
<0. T`sogf ojika ]
<<. Ljhdogo ]
<9. Fkorgtgkij ]
<2. Sks`
s`u
u pjhjhiiuour ]
<:
<:.. N`hb
N`hbuouo pjpjfl
fluh uhdo
dous
us hj
hjgh
gh`t
`tus
us ]
<=. O`htghd fjtgbj o` o`hduru sj
sjsu`k uo
uour`h hjgh`tus ]
<4. Ajf
Ajf`r`rkk ojik
ojikaa p`sk
p`skjh
jh ]
<>. Yjakfut l`yk ]
<;. Yjakfut bjw`s` ]
93. Ytjrkaks`
s`ttgr ]

:3
 l. Ojtjrsjbk``h Yt`hb`r Srgsjbur Gpjr`skgh`a (YSG) Yjsu`k Bjhd`h
Yt`hb`r Sja`y`h`h Ojlkb`h`h

Hg Ejhks YSG [ Rkb`o

`
0. YSG pja`y`h`h `htjh`t`a ]
<. YSG pja`y`h`h pjrs`akh`h ]
9. YSG pja`y`h`h hkm`s ]
2. YSG pjh`hd`h`h l`yk l`ru a`nkr ]
:. YSG pja`y`h`h OL ]
=. YSG pjh`hd`h`h SJ\, SJL, joa`fsk ]
4. YSG pjh
pjh`t`a
`t`a`o
`os`
s`h
h``h
``h ru
rueu
euo`
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h ]
>. YSG njfgr`dko `htjp`rtuf ]
;. YSG njfgr`dko pgstp`rtuf ]
03 YSG pjh`hd`h`h l`yk `smkosk` ]
.
00 YSG fjhd`t`sk sygo ]
.
0< YSG pjhijd
pjhijd`n`
`n`h
h pjhdj
pjhdjhb`
hb`ak`
ak`h
h khmjo
khmjosk
sk (SSK
(SSK)) ]
.

i. Sjrsy`r`t`h
Sjrsy`r`t`h L`hduh`h,
L`hduh`h, \u`hd b`h Sr`s`r`h`
Sr`s`r`h` Rjfp`t
Rjfp`t Sr`otko
Sr`otko

Hg Khbko`tgr [` Rkb`o Ojtjr`hd`h

@ SJ\Y[@\@R@H L@HDZH@H RJFS@R
S\@ORKO
0. L`hduh`h Sjrf`hjh b`h Fjhjt`p ]
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Bkhbkhdd b`h A`ht
A`ht`k
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Rjfp`t Sr`ot
Sr`otko
ko Ljrw`r
Ljrw`rh`
h` ]
Rjr`hd, Rkb`o Ljrpgrk, b`h Fub`n
Bkljrskno`h
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A`ht`k
`k Rjfp
Rjfp`t
`t Sr
Sr`o
`otk
tko
o Rkb`
Rkb`o
o Akik
Akikh,
h, Rkb`
Rkb`o
o ]
Ljrpgrk, b`h Fub`n Bkljrskno`h
2. @osjs/
@osjs/Skh
Skhtu
tu Ojau`
Ojau`rr F`suo
F`suo oj \u`hd
\u`hd Sr`o
Sr`otko
tko ]
Rjrpks`n b`rk \uf`n Rkhdd`a Ojau`rd`
:. Fjfk
Fjfkakakok
ok \u`h
\u`hdd5 ]
`. \u`h
\u`hd d Ruh
uhdd
dduu
l. \u`hd Sjrkos`
i. \u`h
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Ljrs`
s`ak
akh
h
b. \u`h
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Hkm`s/\
s/\`w`w`t
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Kh`p
p
j. O`f`
O`f`rr F`h
F`hbk/T
bk/TI I
m. \u`h
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Ruhdd
ddu
u ]
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Ljrsknn b`h
b`h Hy`f
Hy`f`h`h
l. Bkajhdo`pk bjhd`h L`hdoL`hdou u Ruhddu

:0
 i. Rjrsjb
Rjrsjbk`
k` Fjbk
Fjbk`` Khmgr
Khmgrf`s
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jrko
kos`
s` ]
<
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Bkljrsk
Bkl jrskno`
no`h,
h, Ojr`s,
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Akikh,
\u`hd`h Ljrskn b`h Rkb`o Ljrbjlu
i. Bkajhdo`pk Rjfp`t Rkbur Zhtuo
Sjfjr
jfjrkokos`
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d`h Zou our`
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h Yjs jsu
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R`hd`h
bjhd`h @kr Fjhd`akr b`h Rjrsjbk` Y`luh
`t`u @htksjptk
j. Rjrs
Rjrsjb
jbk`
k` Fjbk`
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mgrf
rf`s
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Ojsjn`t`t`h
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b`h @h`o
9. \u`h
u`hd Rkh
Rkhb`o
b`o`h ]
<
`. Zour`
our`hh Fkh
Fkhkf`a
kf`a 9x2
9x2 f Zhtuo 0 (Y`tu)
Rjfp`t Rkbur Sjrs`akh`h bjhd`h Zour`h
Yjsu`k Yt`hb`r
l. Bkhbkhd b`h A`ht`k Rjrlu`t b`rk L`n`h
y`hd
y`hd Rkb`
Rkb`oo Rjfl
Rjflus us @k@krr b`
b`hh Fub`
Fub`n n
Bkljrskno`h, Ojr`s, \`t`, Rkb`o Akikh
i. @osjs Ojau`r F`suo S`skjh Ajl`r
Fkhkf`a ;3 if
b. \u`hd`
\u`hd`h h Ljrskn
Ljrskn b`h Rkb`o
Rkb`o Ljrbj
Ljrbjlu
lu
j. Rjrsjb
Rjrsjbk`
k` Fje`
Fje` \jsusk
\jsuskt`s
t`skk Zhtuo
Zhtuo Hjgh
Hjgh`t`a
`t`a
b`h Yjt \jsuskt`sk
m. Rjrs
Rjrsjb
jbk`
k` Rjfp
Rjfp`t
`t Zhtuo
Zhtuo Fjhi
Fjhiui
uikk R`hd`
R`hd`h h
bjhd`h @kr Fjhd`akr b`h Rjrsjbk` Y`luh
`t`u @htk Yjptko
2. \u`hd
\u`hd Hkm`s
Hkm`s/\`
/\`w`t
w`t Kh`p
Kh`p Klu b`h L`yk
L`yk 5 ]
`. Zour`
our`hh Fkhk
Fkhkff`a <x
<x9
9 f uhtu tuo
o 0 (s`t
(s`tu)
u)
tjfp`t tkbur
l. Eufa`n Rjfp`t Rkbur F`oskf`a : (Akf`)
Rjfp`t Rkbur Bksjsu`ko`h bjhd`h Au`s
\u`hd`h
i. Bk
Bkhb
hbkh
khdd b`h
b`h A`ht
A`ht`k
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Rjrlu`
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b`rk
rk L`n`
L`n`hh
y`hd
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Rkb`oo Rjfl
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us @k
@krr b`
b`hh Fub`
Fub`n n
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b. @osjs Ojau`r F`suo S`skjh Ajl`r
Fkhkf`a ;3 if
j. \u`hd`
\u`hd`h h Ljrsk
Ljrskn
n b`h
b`h Rkb`
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o Ljrb
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jlu
m. Rjrs
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k` Rjfp`
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Zhtuo Fjhi
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R`hd`hh
bjhd`h @kr Fjhd`akr b`h Rjrsjbk` Y`luh
`t`u @htk Yjptko
:. TI
TI/O`f`r F`hbk 5 ]

:<
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d b`h
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l. Skhtu Rjrluo` Ojau`r, Ajl`r B`uh Skhtu
Fkhk
Fk hkf
f`a ;3 if,if, Fub ub`n
`n Bkl
Bkluo` b`
b`h
h
Bktutup
i. Bkaj
Bkajhd
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d`h
h \`f
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(N`hbr
br`k
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a),, Ia
Iags
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jt Bk
Bkut
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b. Rjrs
Rjrsjb
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k` Yng
Yngwj
wjr/D
r/D`y
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uhd
d

=. \u`h
u`hd A`khh
`khhy`
y` Lka`
Lka` Bkmu
Bkmuhd
hdsk
sko
o`h Zhtu
Zhtuo o ]
Sjfrgsjs`h @a`t b`h Sjhdjaga``h Akfl`n 5
`. Bk
Bkhb
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d b`h
b`h A`ht
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b`rk
rk L`n`
L`n`h h
y`h
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kb`o Rjflu
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Bkljrskno`h, Ojr`s, \`t`, Rkb`o Akikh
l. Rjrsjbk` T`st`mja Onusus Sjhiuik`h
@A`t bjhd`h @kr Fjhd`akr
i. Rjr
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b`h RjfRjfp`
p`tt Sjfrg
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sjs`
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b. Zhtuo Sjhdjaga``h Akfl`n S`b`t
Rjrsjbk` Rjfp`t Y`fp`n Rjrtutup y`hd
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Akfl
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ko,, Bka`
Bka`pk
pksk
sk O`ht
O`htgh
ghdd
Sa`s
Sa`stk
tko.
o. Akfl
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Fjbkss y`
y`hd
hd KhKhmj
mjos
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kuss
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j. Zhtuo Sjhdjaga``h Akfl`n I`kr
Bkpjrauo`h Yjptki R`ho y`hd ojb`p @kr
Rjrpks`n b`rk Akfl`n \uf`n R`hdd`

I SJ\Y[@\@R@H S\@Y@\@H@
0. Ykroua`sk Zb`r` 0:% ^ Au`s A`ht`k ]
( B`a`f N`a Rkb`o Rjrpjhunk 0:%, F`o`
Lks`
Lks` Bkt`Bkt`fl
fl`n
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`t SjSjhd
hd`t
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ur Ykro
Ykroua
ua`s
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Zb`r` Yjpjrtk @I b`h Okp`s @hdkh)
<. I`n`y` Rjr`hd b`h Rkb`o Fjhyka`uo`h ]
9. Skhtu B`p`t Bkouhik b`h Rjrluo` Ojau`r ]
2. Rjrjrssjb
jbkk` Yojts
jtsja, Dgrbjh y`hd Fub`n ]
Bkljrskno`h
:. Rjrsjbk` @kr Fjhd`akr ]
=. Rjrs
Rjrsjbjbk`
k` Ykst
Ykstjf
jf Ojak
Ojakst
strk
rko`
o`h
h y`y`hd
hd YjYjsu
su`k
`k ]
Bjhd`h Sjr`a`t`h y`hd Bkduh`o`h
4. Rjrsj
Rjrsjbkbk`` Fkhk
Fkhkf`
f`aa 0 Rktk
Rktkoo Ojak
Ojakstr
strko
ko`h
`h Rk`p
Rk`p ]
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Fkhkf`a
> . RjrsjbBu`
k` Fkhkf`a Y`tu @a`t Sjf`b`f @pk ]

:9
\khd`h (@S@\) b`a`f Oghbksk Yk`p S`o`k
;. Fjulja`kr 5 ]
`. Ours
Ourskk Ojr
Ojre`
e` (2 lu`n
lu`n))
l. Ajf`rk @rskp (0 lu`n)
i. Fje`
Fje` Ruaks
uaks ¶ Lkr
Lkrgg
b. Rjfp`t
Rjfp`t Rkbur
Rkbur Sjrkos
Sjrkos`` ((0
0 lu`n
lu`n))
j. Rjfp
Rjfp`t`t Rkbu
Rkburr Sjrs`a
Sjrs`akhkh`h
`h (0 sjt
sjt))
m. Rjfp
Rjfp`t`t Rkbu
Rkburr Hkm
Hkm`s`s (0 lu
lu`n
`n))
d. Lgos
Lgos L`yk
L`yk (0 lu`n
lu`n))
03. Sjhi`t`t`h b`h Sja`pgr`h ]
`. Ojsj
Ojsjn`n`t`
t`h
h Klu
Klu b`h
b`h OLOL
0) Luou OK@ (sjsu`k
(sjsu`k ojlutu
ojlutun`h)
n`h)
<) Luou Ogngrt
Ogngrt Klu (0 lu`n)
lu`n)
9) O`rtu Klu (sjsu`k
(sjsu`k ojlutu
ojlutun`h)
n`h)
2) Luou \jdkstjr
\jdkstjr Klu (0 lu`n)
lu`n)
:) Mgrfua
Mgrfuakr kr b`h Yur`t
Yur`t Ojtjr`h
Ojtjr`hd`h d`h A`kh
sj
sjsu
su`k
`k Ojlu
Ojlutu tun`
n`h
h SjSja`
a`y`
y`h` h`h
h y`y`hd
hd
Bkljrko`h (sjsu`k ojlutun`h)
=) Mgrf
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akr Khmg
Khmgrfrf Igh ghsjsjhht (sjs
(sjsu
u`k
ojlutun`h)
4) Mgrfuakr
Mgrfuakr A`pgr`h
A`pgr`h (sjsu`k
(sjsu`k ojlutun`h)
ojlutun`h)
>) Mgrfuakr
Mgrfuakr \ueuo`h
\ueuo`h (sjsu`k ojlutun`
ojlutun`h) h)
;) Yur`t Ojtjr jr``hd`h N`fka (sj (sjsu`
su`k
ojlutun`h)
03) Sjhi`t`t`h @sun`h Ojlkb`h`h
(sjsu`k ojlutun`h)
l.Ojsjn`t`h
l. Ojsjn`t`h @h`o
0) L`d`h
L`d`h Bkh
Bkhbkh
bkhdd FRLY
FRLY (0 lu`n)
lu`n)
<) L`d`
L`d`hh FRL
FRLY Y (0
(0 lu`
lu`n)
n)
9) Luou
Luou \jdk
\jdkstj
stjrr L`yk
L`yk (0 lu`n)
lu`n)
2) Mgrfuakr Bjtjosk Bkhk Ruflun
Ojfl`hd @h`o (sjsu`k ojlutun`h)
:) Mgrgrfu
fuak
akrr Oujs
Oujskg
kghj
hjrr Sr` Yorkhk
rkhkh
hd
Sjrojfl`hd`h (sjsu`k ojlutun`h)
=) Mgrfuakr \jo`pktua`sk A`pgr`h
Ojsjn`t`h L`yk (sjsu`k ojlutun`h)
4) \jdkst
\jdkstjr
jr Ogn
Ogngrt
grt L`yk
L`yk (0 lu`n)
lu`n)
i. Kfuhks`sk
0) Mgrfuakr A`kh Yjs jsu
u`k Ojlutun`h
Sja`y`
Sja `y`h`h
h`h y`hd
y`hd Bkljrk
Bkljrko`h
o`h (sjsu`k
(sjsu`k
ojlutun`h)
<) Mgrfuakr A`pgr`h (sjsu`k
ojlutun`h)
b. Sjrs`akh`h
0) Khmgrfjb Ighsjht (sjsu`k ojlutun`h)
<) Mgrfua
Mgrfuakrkr b`h
b`h Yur`t
Yur`t Ojtj
Ojtjr`h
r`hd`h
d`h A`kh
A`kh

:2
 (sjsu`k ojlutun`h)
9) Mgrfua
Mgrfuakrkr A`pgr`
A`pgr`h
h (sjsu`k
(sjsu`k ojlut
ojlutun`
un`h)
h)
2) Mgrfuakr S`rtgdr`m (sjsu`k
ojlutun`h)
:) Mgrf
Mgrfua
uakr
kr Sjrs`a
Sjrs`akh
kh`h
`h `t`u
`t`u Hk
Hkm`
m`ss b`
b`h
h
OL (sjsu`k ojlutun`h)
=) Mgrfua
Mgrfuakr
kr \ueuo`
\ueuo`h h (sjsu`k
(sjsu`k ojlutu
ojlutun`h
n`h))
4) Mgr
grfu
fuak
akrr Yur`
Yur`tt Oja`
Oja`nk
nkr`
r`hh (sjs
(sjsu
u`k
ojlutun`h)
>) O`ht
O`htgh
ghd
d Sjrs`a
Sjrs`akh
kh`h
`h (0 sjt)
sjt)
j. Hkm`s
0) Luou \jdkstjr Sja`y`h`h (sjsu`k
ojlutun`h)
<) Mgrfuakr A`kh Yjsu`k Ojlutun`h
Sja`y`h`h (sjsu`k ojlutun`h)

b. Sjrsy`r`t`h Khbko`tgr Sjd`w`k Lkb`h

Hg Khbko`tgr Sjd`w`k Lkb`h [` Rkb`o Ojtjr`hd`h

0. Sjhbkbko`h Fkhkf`a B KKK Ojlkb`h`h ]

<. Lkb`h y`hd Ljojre` bk M`skakt`s Sja`y`h`h ]

Ojsjn`t`h T`ekl Fjfkakok YR\

9. Lkb`h
kb`h y`h
y`hd Fjh
Fjhe`a`
e`a`ho
ho`h
`h Sr`
r`o
otko
tko F`hb
F`hbkr
krkk T`ek
T`ekl
l ]
Fjfkakok YKSL

2. Lkb`h
kb`h T`ek
T`ekl
l Fjh
Fjhe`bk
e`bk @hdd
@hddg
gt` KLK
KLK (Ko`
(Ko`t`
t`h
h Lkb
kb`h
`h ]
Khbghjsk`)

:. Lkb`h Rkb`o Yjb`h

`hd
d B`a`f Y`hosk Srg
rgmmjsk `t`u ]
Nuouf

=. Lkb`h
kb`h b`a`
b`a`f
f Sr`o
Sr`otk
tko
ohy` Fjf
Fjfpj
pjo
ojr
jre`
e`o`
o`h
h Rjh`d`` ]
jh`d
Lkb`h A`kh y`hd Fjfkakok YKSL uhtuo Fjfl`htu
Rud`s Sja`y`h`h

4. Lkb`h T`ekl Fjhdkoutk Sjrojfl`hd`h Kafu ]

Sjhdjt`nu`h bjhd`h Fjhdkoutk Ojdk`t`h @o`bjfks
b`h Sja`tkn`h

>. Lkb`
Lkb`h
h Ljrp
Ljrpjh
jh`f
`fpk
pka`
a`h
h \`pk
\`pk B`h
B`h Ygp`
Ygp`h
h ]

j. Sjrsy`r`t`h Gl`t b`h L`n`h N`lks S`o`k

Hg Ejhks Gl`t Yjbk``h Eufa`n [` Rbo Ojtjr`hd`h
OGHR\@YJSYK G\@A
0 Bjsgdjstrja t`lajt Yjsu`k ]

::
 ojlutun`h
< Ogflkh`sk bj bjsgdjstrja b`
b`h t`lajt Yjsu`k ]
jtkhkajstr`bkga ojlutun`h
9 Ogflkh`sk ajvghgdjstrja t`lajt Yjsu`k ]
b`h jtnkhyajstr`bkga ojlutun`h
2 Ayhjstrjhga R`lajt Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
: Ogflkh`sk Iyprgrgttjrg
rgh
hj b`h R`lajt Yjsu`k ]
jtnyhyajstr`bkga ojlutun`h
= Ogflkh`sk Djstgbjhj b`h R`lajt Yjsu`k ]
jtnyhyajstr`bkga ojlutun`h
4 Ajvghgdjstrja R`lajt Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
> Ogflkh`sk brgspkrjhghj R`lajt Yjsu`k ]
b`h jtnyhyajstr`bkga ojlutun`h
; Ogflkh`sk jtjtnyhyajst
strr`bkga R`lajt Yjsu`k ]
b`h ayhjstrjhga ojlutun`h

03 OGHR\@YJSYK
Fjbr
Fjbrgxgxyr
yrgp
gprg
rgdj YZHRKO
djst
stjr
jrgh
ghjj ]k`a Yjsu`k ]
`ijt`tj (BFS@) ojlutun`h
00 Ogflkh`sk ]k`a Yjsu`k ]
Fjbrgxyrgprgdjstjrghj ojlutun`h
`ijt`tj (BFS@) b`h
jstr`bkga iypkgh`tj
Oghtr`sjpsk Kfpa`h Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
0< Ajvghgdjstrja \gbs Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
09 Jtghgdjstrja \gbs Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
Oghtr`sjpsk @OB\ Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
02 KZB Iu R 9>3 @ Yjt Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
0: KZB Ajvghgdjstrja Yjt Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
OGHBGF Yjsu`k
ojlutun`h
0= Oghbgf Lu`n Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
GL@R
OJD@T@RB@\Z\@R@H
B@H GL@R A@KH
04 Gosktgskh Khe @fpua Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h

:=
0> Fjtkajrdgfjtrkh Khe @fpua Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
0; FdYG2 23% Khe @fpua Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<3 O`askuf Dauogh`t 03% Khe @fpua Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<0 Hkmjbkpkh / `fagbkpkh @fpua Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<< Fjtkabgp` @fpua Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<9 ]kt`fkh @ bgsks tkhddk Ygmtdja Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<2 R`lajt t`fl`n b`r`n R`lajt Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<: ]kt`fkh O 0 Khe @fpua Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<= Y`ajp f`t` Djht`fkikh Rulj Yjsu`k ]

L@N@H N@LKY S@O@K ojlutun`h

0 @aognga Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
< I`kr`h Bjskhmjot`h Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
9 O`kh stjrka Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
2 O`p`s Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
: O`s` hgh stjrka Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
= O`s` stjrka Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
4 Akbk o`p`s stjrka Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
> F`sojr Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
; Sgbgmkakh Rkhiur` <:% Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
03 Y`luh t`hd`h `t`u Yjsu`k ]
`htksjptko ojlutun`h
00 Ljh`hd inrgfki i`tdut Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
0< Dja`hd l`yk Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
09 Khmus sjt bjw`s` < sjt ]
02 Khmus sj
sjt bj
bjhd`h wk
wkhd < sjt ]

:4
 hjjbaj uhtuo `h`o b`h l`yk
hgfgr <9 b`h <:
0: E`ruf e`nkt Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
0= O`htghd urkhj Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
04 O`tjtjr mgaajy bjw`s` Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
0> O`tjtjr hja`tgh Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
0; Sjfl`aut Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<3 Sjhdko`t t`ak pus`t Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<0 Sa
S ajstjr Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<< Y`luh i`kr uhtuo iuik Yjsu`k ]

<9 t`hd`h
Y `ruhd t`hd`h ojlutun`h
Yjsu`k ]
ojlutun`h
<2 Y`ruhd t`hd`h p`he`hd Yjsu`k ]
(f`hu`a pa`sjht`) ojlutun`h

>. Sjhkhdo`t`
Sjhkhdo`t`h
h st`hb`r
st`hb`r f`h`ejfjh
f`h`ejfjh pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h
Sjhkhd
Sjhkhdo`t
o`t`h
`h st`hb`r
st`hb`r f`h`ej
f`h`ejfjh
fjh pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h ojlkb`
ojlkb`h`h
h`h
bka`ouo`h bjhd`h i`r`5
`. Fjh
Fjhe`d`
e`d` ojpjr
jpjri`
i`y
y``h
``h f`sy
f`sy`r
`r`o
`o`t
`t bj
bjh
hd`
d`h
h i`r`
i`r` fjfl
jfljr
jrko
ko`h
`h

pja`y`h`h sjsu`k bjhd`h YGS b`h sjhk sjrvkij pja`y`h`h y`hd

fjhe`bko`h p`skjh hy`f`h sjnkhdd` tjrikpt` pja`y`h`h ljrou`akt`s.
l. Fjh
Fjhdko
dkoutk
utk pjrojf
pjrojfl`h
l`hd`h
d`h pjhbkb
pjhbkbko`
ko`h
h ljrl`s
ljrl`sks
ks ojsjn`
ojsjn`t`h
t`h klu b`h
`h`o ljrb`s`ro`h jvkbjhij-l`sjb b`h fjhjr`po`hhy` ojp`b` p`skjh.
i. Fjhdk
Fjhdkou
outk
tk Sja`t
Sja`tkn
kn`h
`h y`hd
y`hd ljrsk
ljrskm`t
m`t upb`tj b`h tjrl`ruo`h b`a`f
akhd
akhdou
oup
p ojlk
ojlkb`
b`h`
h`h
h sj
sjpj
pjrt
rtkk pj
pja`
a`tk
tkn`
n`h
h L`ly
L`ly Yp`
Yp` y`
y`hd
hd s`
s``t
`t kh
khkk
fjrup`o`h ejhks pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h tjrl`ruo`h.
b. Fjflk
Fjflkbk
bko
o p`
p`s`r
s`r/s`
/s`s`r
s`r`h
`h bj
bjhd
hd`h
`h ij
ijrf
rf`t
`t sjsu`
sjsu`kk bj
bjhd
hd`h
`h oj
ojlu
lutu
tun`
n`h
h
p`s`r, sjnkhdd` b`p`t fjfljrko`h khgv`sk b`a`f pja`y`h`h. Yjpjrtk

y`hd
y`hd tja
tja`n
`n bktjr`p
bktjr`po`h
o`h bk SFL Ljotk Yrk @stutk @fb.Oj
@fb.Ojl
l l`nw`
l`nw`

:>
 sjl`dk`h ljs`r f`sy`r`o`t bkb`jr`nhy` fjhyuo`k tr`bksk pke`t l`yk oj
‑fl`n buouh‖ y`hd fjfkakok `rtk sjl`d`k w`hkt` tu` y`hd fjfkakok
oj`nak`h b`a`f fjfke`t l`yk h`fuh okhk tja`n tk`b` o`rjh` p`hddka`h
Y`hd Sjhikpt` sjnkhdd` lkb`h fjhd`flka `akn pjr`h ‑fl`n buouh‖
bjhd`h t`t` i`r` pke`t l`yk sjsu`k bjhd`h pr`otjo kafu y`hd ljh`r.
;. N`fl`t`h
N`fl`t`h - n`fl`t`h
n`fl`t`h y`hd tjre`bk
tjre`bk b`a`f
b`a`f f`hejfj
f`hejfjh
h pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`
ojlkb`h`h
h
b`h i`r` fjhd`t`skhy`
Sj
Sjhu
huru
ruh`
h`h
h eufa
eufa`n
`n ouhe
ouheuh
uhd`
d`h
h p`
p`sk
skjh
jh b`
b`rk
rk t`
t`nu
nuh
h oj t`
t`nu
nuh
h
fjrup`o`h f`s`a`n ljs`r l`dk sjtk`p Sr`otjo F`hbkrk Ljs`r. Ojf`eu`h
b`a`f lkb`hd pjhbkbko`h, kafu pjhdjt`nu`h b`h pr`otjo b`a`f akhdoup
oj
ojsj
sjn`
n`t`
t`h
h kl
klu
u b`
b`h
h `h
`h`o
`o sj
sja`r
a`r`s
`s b`
b`a`
a`f
f oj
ojf`
f`eu
eu`h
`h irktk
irktki`a
i`a tn
tnkh
khdo
dokh
khd
d
f`sy
f`sy`r
`r`o
`o`t
`t.. Ojsjb
Ojsjbk``
k``h
h m`
m`ska
skakt
kt`s
`s oj
ojsjn
sjn`t
`t`h
`h y`
y`hd
hd fjf`
fjf`b`
b`kk b`
b`h
h eu
eud`
d`
ljrou`akt`s fjh`fl`n b`y` s`khd `ht`r m`sojs b`a`f fjikpt`o`h
pja`y`h`h y`hd uhddua, ljrlub`y` b`h khgv`tkm. Sr`otjo F`hbkrk Lkb`h
Ljotk Yrk @stutk @fb.Ojl ljrjhi`h` fjhdjfl`hdo`h ejhks pja`y`h`hhy`
y`hd bkljrko`h ojp`b` f`sy`r`o`t bk`ht`r`hy`5
`. Sja`y
ja`y`h
`h`h
`h L`ly
L`ly Yp` b`h
b`h Fgf
Fgf Yp` p`
p`b
b` Kl
Klu
u n`fka
`fka,, Hkm`
Hkm`ss b`
b`h
h
Fjhyusuk
l. Sja`y`h`h Sjhb`fpkhd`h L`yk b`h @h`o fjrup`o`h pja`y`h`h
bjhd
bjhd`h
`h oghs
oghsjp
jp j`
j`ra
rayy jb
jbui
ui`t
`tkg
kgh
h `t`u fjfljr
fjfljrko`
ko`h
h pjhbkb
pjhbkbko`
ko`h
h `t`u
stkfua`sk bkhk ojp`b` l`yk b`h `h`o y`hd tjrst`hb`r sjsu`k bjhd`h usk`
`h`o. Khgv`sk khk fjrup`o`h wueub pjhijd`n`h b`a`f f`s`a`n tuflun
ojfl`hd `h`o sjnkhdd` tjrikpt` djhjr`sk y`hd sjn`t b`h ijrb`s.

:;
 L@L K]
SJFL@N@Y@H

@. F`h`ejfjh
F`h`ejfjh Sja`y`h`h
Sja`y`h`h Ojlkb`h`h
Ojlkb`h`h bk SFL
SFL Ljotk Yrk @stutk,
@stutk, @.Fb.Ojl
@.Fb.Ojl
F`h`ejfjh pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h fjhurut Ojfjhojs \K (<30>) `b`a`n
su`tu fjtgbj pjhd`tur`h, pjhdgrd`hks`sk`h pkokr`h b`h tkhb`o`h b`a`f su`tu
urut`h
urut`h y`hd
y`hd agdks
agdks b`h fjhduh
fjhduhtuh
tuhdo`
do`h
h l`dk
l`dk p`skjh
p`skjh f`upuh
f`upuh lkb`h.
lkb`h. B`a`f
B`a`f
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h, f`h`ejfjh `b`a`n prgsjs pja`os`h``h pjfljrk`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h uhtuo fjfljrko`h `sun`h ojlkb`h`h ojp`b` oakjh
bj
bjhd
hd`h
`h tueu
tueu`h
`h fjhi
fjhikp
kpt`
t`o`
o`h
h oj
ojsje
sje`n
`ntj
tjr`
r``h
`h l`
l`dk
dk kl
klu
u b`
b`h
h `h
`h`o
`o,, oj
ojpu
pu`s`
`s`h
h
pja`hdd`h b`h ojpu`s`h lkb`h sjl`d`k prgvkbjr. Ojpu`s`h pja`hdd`h bk SFL
(Sr`otjo
(Sr`otjo F`hbkrk
F`hbkrk Lkb`h)
Lkb`h) Ljotk Yrk @stutk
@stutk @fb.Ojl
@fb.Ojl b`p`t bkluotko`
bkluotko`h
h bjhd`h
bjhd`h
f`skn tkhddkhy` eufa`n p`skjh p`b` t`nuh <30> y`ktu sjljs`r <.3:: p`skjh
bjhd`h
bjhd`h ejhks
ejhks pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h tjrtkh
tjrtkhddk
ddk `b`a`n
`b`a`n pja`y`
pja`y`h`h
h`h OL suhtko
suhtko ngrfgh
ngrfgh`a
`a
ljreufa`n ;33 p`skjh b`h ojfubk` bksusua bjhd`h p`skjh pjhdduh` OL pka
sjljs`r 0;> b`h Ouheuhd`h O0 p`b` Klu n`fka sjljs`r ;< p`skjh. @b`puh
b`t` tjr`onkr eufa`n p`skjh bk lua`h Bjsjfljr <30; sjl`d`k ljrkout

Eufa`n Ouheuhd`h S`skjh Lua`h Bjsjfljr <30;

0<3
033
>3
=3
23
<3

3
O0 O2 `a m `s `a `a
Hj
g a `h a`h h`a
rf Hk gh gh lu lu jr
Hg rf gr
f
-< ; ` t
`h Ng N ky 0 -: F
akh OL h- ` `0
9 `h
rs
` Hg L akt a` b
Sj OL L` h`
t
g
Hj
`h
r`t
u
`r
` tb
w
jd`
O

Eufa`n Ouheuhd`h
Ouheuhd`h S`sk jh Lua`h Bjsjfljr <30;

Fjhurut N`sklu`h (<300) M`otgr pgogo y`hd ljrpjr`h pjhtkhd b`a`f

fjhjtu
fjhjtuo`h
o`h ojljrn
ojljrn`ska
`ska`h
`h f`h`ejf
f`h`ejfjh
jh ojlkb`
ojlkb`h`h
h`h,, y`ktu5
y`ktu5 f`suo`
f`suo`h
h (khput),

=3
prgsjs (prgijss
prgijss),
), ojau`r`h (gutput
(gutput), s`s`r`h (t`rdjt) sjrt` b`fp`o (kfp`it
( kfp`it).
Khput (struotur), k`a`n sjd`a` sufljr b`y` y`hd bkpjrauo`h uhtuo fja`ouo`h
pja`y`h`h ojsjn`t`h, sjpjrtk YBF, b`h`, gl`t, m`skakt`s, pjr`a`t`h, l`n`h,
tjohga
tjohgagdk
gdk,, grd`hk
grd`hks`sk
s`sk,, khmgrf
khmgrf`sk
`sk b`h a`kh-a
a`kh-a`kh
`kh.. Sja`y`
Sja`y`h`h
h`h ojsjn`
ojsjn`t`h
t`h y`hd
y`hd
ljrfutu fjfjrauo`h buouhd`h
buouhd`h khput y`hd ljrfutu pua`.
pua`.
Nuluhd`h khput bjhd
bjhd`h
`h futu
futu `b
`b`a
`a`n
`n b`
b`a`
a`f
f pj
pjrj
rjhi
hi`h
`h``
``h
h b`
b`h
h
pjhddjr`o`h pja`os`h``h pja`y`h`h ojsjn`t`h. N`a tjrsjlut tja`n bka`ouo`h
gajn SFL Ljotk Yrk @stutk
@stutk @fb.Ojl
@fb.Ojl b`a`f pr`otjo
pr`otjo pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`hhhy`
ojlkb`hhhy`
tkb`o n`hy` khput, Ytr
Ytruot
uotur
ur pjhdg
pjhdgrd`
rd`hks
hks`sk`
`sk`h
h tja`n
tja`n bkduh`
bkduh`o`h
o`h sjl`d`
sjl`d`kk
pjhduour`h tkb`o a`hdsuhd b`rk ou`akt`s pja`y`h`h. Fjhurut N`sklu`h (<300)
Nuluhd`h `ht`r` struotur b`h ou`akt`s pja`y`h`h `b`a`n n`a y`hd pjhtkhd
b`a`f fjrjhi`h`o`h, fjhbjs`kh, b`h fja`os`h`o`h skstjf y`hd bkojnjhb`ok
uhtuo
uhtuo fjfljrko`h
fjfljrko`h pja`y`h`h
pja`y`h`h ojsjn`t`h.
ojsjn`t`h. Sjhd`tur`h
Sjhd`tur`h o`r`otjrkstko
o`r`otjrkstko struotur
struotur
y`hd bkduh`o`h
bkduh`o`h fjfpuhy`k
fjfpuhy`k ojijhbjruhd
ojijhbjruhd`h
`h uhtuo
uhtuo fjfpjhd`ru
fjfpjhd`runk
nk prgsjs
pja`y`h`h sjnkhdd` khk `o`h fjflu`t ou`akt`shy` ljrour`hd
ljrour`hd `t`u fjhkhdo`t.
B`a`f
B`a`f Sr`otjo
Sr`otjo F`hbkrk
F`hbkrk Lkb`h
Lkb`h Ljotk
Ljotk Yrk @stutk
@stutk tja`n
tja`n fjfjhunk
fjfjhunk
Yufljr-sufljr y`hd bkpjrauo`h uhtuo fja`os`h`o`h `otkmkt`s pja`y`h`hhy`
y`hd
y`hd fjakpu
fjakputk
tk F`h y`hd tjrbkrk b`rk < o`ry`w`h lkb`h b`h s`tu o`ry`w`h
m`rf`sk
m`rf`sk,, Fghjy y`hd fjrup`o`h
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b`a`f pja`y`h`
pja`y`h`h
h ojlkb`h`h
ojlkb`h`h y`hd
y`hd
ojfubk`h `o`h fjhe`bk l`n`h jv`au`sk f`h`ejr SFL
L. Y`r`h
0. L`dk F`n`sksw`
Bkn`r`po`h
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f`h`ejfjh
pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h. Yja`kh ktu eud` bkn`r`po`h b`p`t fjhdo`ek sjtk`p
khmgrf`sk y`hd b`p`t fjhuhe`hd `h`aks` bjhd`h rkhik.
<. L`dk Lkb`h SFL
A`pgr`h
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km khk fjfljrko`h
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ojaga`
f`h`ejfjh pja`y`h`h ojlkb`h`h bk Sr`otko F`hbkrk Lkb`h

=4
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0. @fl`rw`
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tk, J. @. @sun`h
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u. Ghakhj
Ghakhj.. Bk`osjs
Bk`osjs p`b` 0;
E`hu`rk <3<3
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N`sklu`h,
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F`a`yu Y.S.
Y.S. F`h`ej
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fjh sufljr
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jhdd`r. Bk`osjs t`hdd`a <3 E`hu`rk <3<3 puoua <<.3: TKL.
09. Zhb`hd-uhb`hd Hgfgr 2 t`nu t`nuh
h <30; tjht`hd Ojlkb`h`h
02. Sjr`tu
Sjr`tur`h
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\jpulakoko Khbghj
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R`nuh <304
<304
tjht`hd Kzkh B`h Sjhyjajhdd`r``h Sr`otko Lkb`h

=>