9

Chapter
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF SOLIDS

y
Trend
Analysis

m
of NEET and AIIMS (Year 2010-2018)
5

de
4
Number of Questions

ca
AIPMT/NEET
2 AIIMS

0 A
d
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
fie
Trend
Analysis of JEE Main and BITSAT (Year 2010-2018)
ni

4
U
Number of Questions

3
JEE Main
ht

2 BITSAT
sig

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year
In

Chapter Utility Score (CUS)

Exam Weightage Important Concepts Difficulty Level CUS (Out of 10)
NEET 2 Hooke's Law, Stress-Strain
AIIMS 3 Curve and Elastic 3/5 5.5/10
JEE Main 2 Moduli
BITSAT 2
 112

In
sig
ht
U
ni
fie
d
A
ca
de
m
y
PHYSICS

EBD_7418
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 113

Exercise 1 : Topic-wise MCQs

10. In magnitude hydraulic stress is equal to
Topic 1: Hooke's Law & Young's Modulus
(a) hydraulic force (b) hydraulic pressure
1. The expression of force constant for a spring following (c) restoring force (d) hydraulic strain
Hooke's law is given by 11. Substances which can be stretched to cause large strains

y
are called
YA YA YA Dl YAl (a) brittle (b) ductile (c) plastic (d) elastomer
(a) k = (b) k = (c) k = (d) k =
l Dl l Dl

m
12. The reason for the change in shape of a regular body is
2. For an equal stretching force F, the young's modulus (Ys) for (a) volume stress (b) shearing strain
steel and rubber (Yr) are related as (c) longitudinal strain (d) metallic strain
(a) Ys = Yr (b) Ys < Yr (c) Ys > Yr (d) Ys ³ Yr 13. Longidudinal stress depends on

de
3. which of the following is correct for young's modulus of (a) area (b) length (c) volume (d) mass
elasticity (g)? [where r = radius of cross section of wire] 14. If h = s hear mokulus and g = young's modulus, then in
l = length of wire general

ca
(a) g µ r2 (a) g > h (b) g = h
(b) g µ l3 (c) g <h (d) none of these
(c) g µ 1/r2 15. Which of the following affects the elasticity of a substance?

A
(d) g µ l2 (a) Hammering and annealing
4. If the length of a wire is reduced to half, then it can hold the (b) Change in temperature
(a) half load (b) same load (c) Impurity in substance
(c) double load (d) one fourth load (d) All of the above
d
5. The Young’s modulus of a perfectly rigid body is 16. If the load is increased beyond the _______ point, the strain
(a) unity increases rapidly for even a small change in the stress.
fie
(b) zero (a) elastic point (b) yield point
(c) infinity (c) plastic point (d) fracture point
(d) some finite non-zero constant 17. What is the phenomenon of temporary delay in regaining
6. According to Hooke’s law of elasticity, if stress is increased, the original configuration by an elastic body, after the
ni

then the ratio of stress to strain removel of a deforming force?

(a) becomes zero (b) remains constant (a) Elastic fatigue (b) Elasticity
(c) decreases (d) increases (c) Plasticity (d) Elastic after effect
18. Which of the following types of stress causes no change in
U

7. The diagram shows a force - extension graph for a rubber

band. Consider the following statements : shape?
I. It will be easier to compress this rubber than expand it (a) compressive stress (b) hydraulic stress
II. Rubber does not return to its original length after it is (c) oblique stress (d) none of these
If a mass M produces an elongation of DL in a wire of radius
ht

stretched 19.
III. The rubber band will get heated if it is stretched and r and length L, then the young's modulus of the material of
released the wire is given by
Mg Mg ´ DL
sig

(a) Y = (b) Y =
2
(p r ´ DL) (p r 2 ´ L)
Mg ´ L M ´ DL
Extension (c) Y = 2
(d) Y =
(p r ´ DL) (p r 2 ´ L)
In

20. A vertical metal cylinder of radius 2 cm and length 2 m is

fixed at the lower end and a load of 100 kg is put on it. Find
Force the strain. [Youn's modulus of the metal = 2 × 1011 N/m2]
Which of these can be deduced from the graph? (a) 4 × 10–6 (b) 3 × 10–8 (c) 2 × 10–9 (d) 6 × 10–8
(a) III only (b) II and III 21. The graph given is a stress-strain curve for
(c) I and III (d) I only (a) elastic objects
8. A 2 m long rod of radius 1 cm which is fixed from one end is
Stress (N/ m )

1.0
2

given a force of 8 N. The longitudinal strain developed will (b) plastics

be
[take g = 2.5×1011N/m2] 0.5
(c) elastomers
(a) 10–8 (b) 10–6 (c) 10–5 (d) 10–4
9. The restoring force per unit area is known as 0
(d) None of these 0.5 1.0
(a) strain (b) elasticity(c) stress (d) plasticity Strain
 EBD_7418
114 PHYSICS

22. A beam of metal supported at the two edges is loaded at the 29. A steel ring of radius r and cross-section area 'A' is fitted on
centre. The depression at the centre is proportional to to a wooden disc of radius R(R > r). If Young's modulus be
E, then the force with which the steel ring is expanded is
d
R æ R-r ö
(a) AE (b) AE ç ÷
(a) Y2 (b) Y (c) 1/Y (d) 1/Y 2 r è r ø
23. Column -I Column-II E æ R-r ö Er
A çè A ÷ø
(A) Equal force acting (1) Balance (c) (d)
AR
perpendicular to each the net weight to be
point on a spherical supported 30. Two persons pull a rope towards themselves. Each person

y
surface exerts a force of 100 N on the rope. Find the Young's modulus
(B) Cross-sectional area (2) Higher modulus of of the material of the rope if it extends in length by 1 cm.

m
of the rope used in elasticity Original length of the rope = 2 m and the aea of cross-section
giant structures = 2 cm2.
(C) Steel in structural (3) Reduction in volume
(a) 108 N/m2 (b) 107 N/m2
designs without change in shape

de
(D) Stress-strain curve (4) Inversely depends on (c) 106 N/m2 (d) 105 N/m2
the yeild strength 31. If stress/strain is x in eastic region and y in the region of
yield, then
(a) (A) ® (4); (B) ® (1, 3); (C) ® (2) ; (D) ® (1)
(a) x = y (b) x > y (c) x < y (d) x = 2 y

(b) (A) ® (3); (B) ® (1, 2); (C) ® (4) ; (D) ® (3, 4)
(c) (A) ® (2); (B) ® (1) ; (C) ® (4) ; (D) ® (3) 32.
(d) (A) ® (3); B ® (1, 4) ; (C) ® (2) ; (D) ® (2)
24. The adjacent graph shows the
ca
What per cent of length of wire increases by applying a
stress of 1 kg weight/mm2 on it?
(Y = 1 × 1011 N/m2 and 1 kg weight = 9.8 newton)

A
extension (Dl) of a wire of 4 (a) 0.0067% (b) 0.0098%
(l ×10 )m

3 (c) 0.0088% (d) 0.0078%

length 1m suspended from the
–4

2
top of a roof at one end with a 33. Assertion : The stress-strain graphs are shown in the figure
1
d
for two materials A and B are shown in figure. Young's
load W connected to the other
modulus of A is greater than that of B.
end. if the corss-sectional area 20 40 60 80 W(N)
fie
Stress
A
of the wire is 10–6m2, calculate the Young’s modulus of the B
material of the wire
(a) 2 × 1011 N/m2 (b) 2 × 10–11 N/m2
–12
(c) 2 × 10 N/m 2 (d) 2 × 10–13 N/m2
ni

25. For the given graph, Hooke's law is obeyed in the region Strain
(a) OA C Reason : The Young's modules for small strain is,
A stress
U

E B Y= = slope of linear portion, of graph; and slope of

(b) C strain
Stress

A is more than slope that of B.

(c) OE (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
ht

correct explanation for assertion.

(d) OB O Strain
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
sig

26. If the ratio of radii of two wires of same material is 3 : 1 and

ratio of their lengths is 5 : 1, then the ratio of the normal (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
forces that will produce the same extension in the length of 34. An elevator cable is to have a maximum stress of 7 × 107 N/m2
two wires is to allow for appropriate safety factors. Its maximum upward
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 1 : 1 acceleratiom is 1.5 m/s2. If the cable has to support the total
27. An iron bar of length l cm and cross section A cm2 is weight of 2000 kg of a loaded elevator, the area of cross–
In

pulled by a force of F dynes from ends so as to produce an section of the cable should be
elongation Dl cm. Which of the following statement is correct ? (a) 3.28 cm2 (b) 2.38 cm2
(c) 0.328 cm 2 (d) 8.23 cm2
(a) Elongation is inversely proportional to length
(b) Elongation is directly proportional to cross section A 35. To break a wire, a force of 106 N/m2 is required. If the density
(c) Elongation is inversely proportional to cross-section of the material is 3 × 103 kg/m3, then the length of the wire
(d) Elongation is directly proportional to Young’s modulus which will break by its own weight will be
28. Two wires of equal lengths are made of the same material. (a) 34 m (b) 30 m (c) 300 m (d) 3 m
Wire A has a diameter that is twice as that of wire B. If 36. A rubber cord catapult has cross-sectional area 25 mm2 and
identical weights are suspended from the ends of these initial length of rubber cord is 10 cm. It is stretched to 5 cm
wires, the increase in length is and then released to project a missile of mass 5 gm. Taking
(a) four times for wire A as for wire B Yrubber = 5 × 108 N/m2. Velocity of projected missile is
(b) twice for wire A as for wire B (a) 20 ms–1 (b) 100 ms–1
(c) half for wire A as for wire B (c) 250 ms –1 (d) 200 ms–1
(d) one-fourth for wire A as for wire B
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 115

37. For the same cross-sectional area and for a given load, the 46. The length of elastic string, obeying Hooke’s law is l1
ratio of depressions for the beam of a square cross-section
and circular cross-section is metres when the tension 4N and l 2 metres when the tension
(a) 3 : p (b) p : 3 (c) 1 : p (d) p : 1 is 5N. The length in metres when the tension is 9N is –
38. The length of a metal is l1 when the tension in it is T1 and is (a) 5l1 – 4l2 (b) 5l2 – 4l1
l2 when the tension is T2. The original length of the wire is (c) 9l1 – 8l2 (d) 9l2 – 8l1
47. A steel wire of length l and cross section area A is stretched
l1 + l 2 l1T2 + l 2T1 l1T2 - l 2T1
(a) (b) T + T (c) T - T (d) T1T2 l1l 2 by 1 cm under a given load. When the same load is applied
2 1 2 2 1 to another steel wire of double its length and half of its
39. A light rod of length 2m suspended from the ceiling cross section area, the amount of stretching (extension) is

y
horizontally by means of two vertical wires of equal length. (a) 0.5 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 1.5 cm
A weight W is hung from a light rod as shown in figure. 48. Two wires are made of the same material and have the same

m
The rod hung by means of a steel wire of volume. However wire 1 has cross-sectional area A and wire
cross-sectional area A1 = 0.1 cm2 and T T2 2 has cross-sectional area 9A. If the length of wire 1 increases
brass wire of cross-sectional area A2 = Steel 1 by Dx on applying force F, how much force is needed to

de
Brass
0.2 cm2. To have equal stress in both 2m stretch wire 2 by the same amount?
wires, T1/T2 = W (a) 16 F (b) 25 F (c) 81 F (d) 64 F
49. The force exerted by a special compression device is given

ca
(a) 1/3 (b) 1/4 (c) 4/3 (d) 1/2 as function of compression x as Fx(x) = kx(x – l) for
40. A metallic rod breaks when strain produced is 0.2%. The 0 £ x £ l, where l is maximum possible compression and k is
Young’s modulus of the material of the rod is 7 × 109 N/m2. a constant. The force exerted by the device under

A
What should be its area of cross-section to support a load compression is maximum when compression is –
of 104 N ? (a) 0 (b) l/4 (c) l / 2 (d) l/2
(a) 7.1 × 10–8 m2 (b) 7.1 × 10–6 m2 50. What is the minimum diameter of a brass rod if it is to support
–4 2 a 400N load without exceeding the elastic limit ? Assume
(d) 7.1 × 10–2 m2
d
(c) 7.1 × 10 m that the stress for the elastic limit is 379 MPa.
41. A steel wire of original length 1 m and cross-sectional area (a) 1.16 mm (b) 2.32 mm (c) 0.16 mm (d) 1.35 mm
fie
4.00 mm2 is clamped at the two ends so that it lies horizontally 51. The elastic limit of steel is 8 × 108 N/m2 and its Young's
and without tension. If a load of 2.16 kg is suspended from modulus 2 × 1011 N/m2. Find the maximum elongation of a
the middle point of the wire, what would be its vertical half-meter steel wire that can be given without exceeding
depression? the elastic limit.
ni

Y of the steel - 2.0 × 1011N/m2. Take g = 10 m/s2 (a) 2 mm (b) 4mm (c) 5 mm (d) 6mm
(a) 1.5 cm (b) 2.8 cm (c) 3.2 cm (d) 4.1 cm 52. A steel wire and a copper wire of equal length and equal
42. Two wires are made of the same material and have the same cross-sectional area are joined end to end and the
U

volume. However first wire has cross-sectional area A and
second wire has cross-sectional area 5A. If the length of
first wire increases by Dl on applying force f, how much
force is needed to stretch second wire by the same amount?
ht
combination is subjected to a tension. Find the ratio of
the stresses developed in the two wires and Y of steel
= 2 × 1011 N/m2. Y of copper = 1.3 × 1011 N/m2.

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7

(a) 14f (b) 6 f (c) 25 f (d) 9f 53. A force of 6 × 106 Nm–2 is required for breaking a material.
43. When forces are applied on a body such that it is still in Then density r of the material is 3 × 103 kg m–3. If the wire is
sig

static equilibrium, then the extent to which the body gets to break under its own weight, the length of the wire made of
deformed, depends on that material should be (take g = 10 ms–2)
(a) nature of the material (a) 20 m (b) 200 m (c) 100 m (d) 2000 m
(b) magnitude of deforming force 54. A steel wire of cross-sectional area 3 × 10–6 m2 can with
(c) Both (a) & (b)
In

stand a maximum strain of 10–3. Young's modulus of steel is

(d) None of these
2 × 1011 N/m2 . The maximum mass the wire can hold is:
44. Two wires A and B of same material and of equal length
(a) 40 kg (b) 60 kg (c) 80 kg (d) 100 kg
with the radii in the ratio 1 : 2 are subjected to identical
loads. If the length of A increases by 8 mm, then the 55. A structural steel rod has a radius of 10 mm and length of
increase in length of B is 1.0 m. A 100 kN force stretches it along its length. Young’s
(a) 2 mm (b) 4 mm (c) 8 mm (d) 16 mm modulus of structural steel is 2 × 1011 Nm–2. The percentage
45. The length of an elastic string is a metre when the strain is about
longitudinal tension is 4 N and b metre when the longitudinal (a) 0.16% (b) 0.32% (c) 0.08% (d) 0.24%
tension is 5 N. The length of the string in metre when the 56. A wire elongates by l mm when a load W is hanged from it.
longitudinal tension is 9 N is If the wire goes over a pulley and two weights W each are
1 hung at the two ends, the elongation of the wire will be (in mm)
(a) a – b (b) 5b – 4a (c) 2b – a (d) 4a – 3b
4 (a) l (b) 2l (c) zero (d) l/2
 EBD_7418
116 PHYSICS

57. A thick rope of density r and length L is hung from a rigid

support. The Young’s modulus of the material of rope is Y.
(a) r12 / r22 (b) r13 / r23 (c) r24 / r14 (d) r14 / r24
67. 11 2
A copper wire (Y = 10 N/m ) of length 8 m and steel wire
The increase in length of the rope due to its own weight is
(a) (1/4) r g L2/Y (b) (1/2) r g L2/Y (Y = 2 × 1011 N/m2) of length 4 m each of 0.5 cm2 cross-
(c) r g L2/Y (d) r g L/Y section are fastened end to end and stretched with a tension
of 500 N.
Topic 2: Bulk and Rigidity Modulus and Work Column-I Column-II
(A) Elongation in copper (1) 0.25
Done in Stretching a Wire wire in mm

y
58. Which of the following elastic moduli is used to describe (B) Elongation in steel (2) 1.0
the elastic behaviour of object as they respond to the wire in mm

m
deforming forces acting on them? (C) Total elongation in mm (3) 0.8
(a) Young's modulus (b) Shear modulus
(c) Bulk modulus (d) All of these 1
(D) Elastic potential energy (4) th the elongation in
4

de
59. Which of the following is the correct relation? Y = Young's
modulus & G = modulus of rigidity? of the system in joules copper wire
(a) Y < G (b) Y > G (a) (A)®(3), (B)®(4), (C)®(2), (D)®(1)
(c) Y = G (d) None of these (b) (A)®(4), (B)®(2), (C)®(3), (D)®(1)

ca
60. The isothermal bulk modulus of a gas at atmospheric (c) (A)®(1), (B)®(2), (C)®(3), (D)®(4)
pressure is (d) (A)®(2), (B)® (1), (C)®(3), (D)®(4)
(a) 1 mm of Hg (b) 13.6 mm of Hg 68. A metallic wire of length 2.0 m is elongated by 2.0 mm. Area
(c) 1.013 × 105 N/m2 (d) 2.026 × 105 N/m2 of cross-section of the wire is 4.0 mm2. The elastic potential

A
61. The ratio of shearing stress to the corresponding energy stored in the wire in elongated condition is [young's
shearing strain is called modulus of the metallic wire is = 2 ´ 1011 N/m2]
(a) bulk modulus (b) Young's modulus (a) 8.23 (b) 0.83 (c) 6.23 (d) 0.63
(c) modulus of rigidity (d) None of these 69. Assertion : Bulk modulus of elasticity (k) represents
d
62. The potential energy U between two atoms in a diatomic incompressibility of the material.
molecules as a function of the distance x between atoms Reason : Bulk modulus of elasticity is proportional to
fie
has been shown in the figure. The atoms are change in pressure.
(a) attracted when x lies between (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
A and B and are repelled when x correct explanation for assertion.
O
lies between B and C U (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
ni

(b) attracted when x lies between correct explanation for assertion

B and C and are repelled when x (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
lies between A and B (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
A B Cx
U

70. Shearing strain is expressed by

(c) are attracted when they reach B from C (a) angle of twist (b) angle of shear
(d) are repelled when they reach B from A (c) increase in volume (d) decrease in volume
63. The reciprocal of the bulk modulus is called 71. When a pressure of 100 atmosphere is applied on a spherical
ht

(a) modulus of rigidity (b) volume stress

ball, then its volume reduces to 0.01%. The bulk modulus of
(c) volume strain (d) compressibility
64. Which of the following statements is/are wrong? the material of the rubber in dyne/cm2 is
I. Hollow shaft is much stronger than a solid rod of (a) 10 × 1012 (b) 100 × 1012
sig

same length and same mass. (c) 1 × 1012 (d) 10 × 1012

II. Reciprocal of bulk modulus of elasticity is called 72. A uniform cube is subjected to volume compression. If each
compressibility. side is decreased by 1%, then bulk strain is
III. It is difficult to twist a long rod as compared to small (a) 0.01 (b) 0.06 (c) 0.02 (d) 0.03
rod. 73. When a 4 kg mass is hung vertically on a light spring that
In

(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) III only (d) I only
65. Select the correct statement(s) from the following.
I. Modulus of rigidity for a liquid is not zero
II. Young's modulus of a material decreases with rise in
temperature
III. Poisson's ratio is unitless
(a) I only (b) II only (c) I and II (d) II and III
66. Two rods A and B of the same material and length have their
radii r1 and r 2 respectively. When they are rigidly fixed at
one end and twisted by the same couple applied at the other
end, the ratio
æ Angle of twist at the end of A ö
çè Angle of twist at the end of B ÷ø is
obeys Hooke’s law, the spring stretches by 2 cms. The work
required to be done by an external agent in stretching this
spring by 5 cms will be (g = 9.8 m/sec2)
(a) 4.900 joule (b) 2.450 joule
(c) 0.495 joule (d) 0.245 joule
74. Assertion : Identical springs of steel and copper are equally
stretched. More work will be done on the steel spring
Reason : Steel is more elastic than copper.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 117

75. Consider four steel wires of dimensions given below

(d = diameter and l = length) : (8.02) 4 - (7.98) 4 (8.02) 2 - (7.98) 2
(a) (b)
(a) l = 1m, d = 1mm (b) l = 2m, d = 2 mm (0.8) 4 (0.8) 2
(c) l = 2m, d = 1mm (d) l = 1m, d = 2 mm
If same force is applied to all the wires then the elastic potential (0.8) 2 (0.8) 2
energy stored will be maximum in wire: (c) (d)
(8.02) 4 - (7.98) 4 (8.02) 3 - (7.98) 2
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
76. If in a wire of Young’s modulus Y, longitudinal strain X is 84. The bulk moduli of ethanol, mercury and water are given as
produced, then the value of potential energy stored in its 0.9, 25 and 2.2 respectively in units of 109 Nm–2. For a given
unit volume will be value of pressure, the fractional compression in volume is
(a) Y X2 (b) 2 Y X2 (c) Y2 X/2 (d) Y X2/2 DV DV

y
77. The Poisson’s ratio of a material is 0.5. If a force is applied to . Which of the following statements about for
V V
a wire of this material, there is a decrease in the cross-sectional these three liquids is correct ?

m
area by 4%. The percentage increase in the length is : (a) Ethanol > Water > Mercury
(a) 1% (b) 2% (c) 2.5% (d) 4% (b) Water > Ethanol > Mercury
78. The Young's modulus of the material of a wire is (c) Mercury > Ethanol > Water

de
2 × 1010 Nm–2. If the elongation strain is 1%, then the energy (d) Ethanol > Mercury > Water
stored in the wire per unit volume in Jm–3 is 85. A material has poisson’s ratio 0.50. If a uniform rod of it
(a) 106 (b) 108 (c) 2 × 106 (d) 2 × 108 suffers a longitudinal strain of 2 × 10–3, then the
79. A 5 metre long wire is fixed to the ceiling. A weight of 10 kg
percentage change in volume is

ca
is hung at the lower end and is 1 metre above the floor. The
wire was elongated by 1 mm. The energy stored in the wire (a) 0.6 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.2 (d) Zero
due to stretching is 86. The system is rotated with angular speed w0 (see figure).
(a) zero (b) 0.05 joule (c) 100 joule (d) 500 joule What is the ratio of energy stored in each wire?

A
80. A wire suspended vertically from one of its ends is
stretched by attaching a weight of 200N to the lower end.
The weight stretches the wire by 1 mm. Then the elastic
energy stored in the wire is
d
(a) 0.2 J (b) 10 J (c) 20 J (d) 0.1 J (a) 31:9 (b) 50:9 (c) 47:9 (d) 8:9
81. Two, spring P and Q of force constants k p and 87. When a force is applied on a wire of uniform cross-section
fie
æ kp ö area 3 × 10–6 m2 and length 4m, the increase in length is
kQ ç kQ =
è 2 ÷ø are stretched by applying forces of equal 1 mm. Energy stored in it will be (Y = 2 × 1011 N/m2)
magnitude. If the energy stored in Q is E, then the energy (a) 6250 J (b) 0.177 J (c) 0.075 J (d) 0.150 J
stored in P is 88. A metal rod of Young's modulus 2 × 1010 N m–2 undergoes
ni

(a) E (b) 2 E (c) E/2 (d) E/4 an elastic strain of 0.06%. The energy per unit volume
82. A spherical ball contracts in volume by 0.02% when stored in J m–3 is
subjected to a pressure of 100 atmosphere. Assuming one (a) 3600 (b) 7200 (c) 10800 (d) 14400
U

atmosphere = 105 N m–2, the bulk modulus of the material 89. Steel ruptures when a shear of 3.5 × 108 N m–2 is applied.
of the ball is The force needed to punch a 1 cm diameter hole in a steel
(a) 0.02 × 105 N/m2 (b) 0.02 × 107 N/m2 sheet 0.3 cm thick is nearly:
(c) 50 × 107 N/m2 (d) 50 × 109 N/m2 (a) 1.4 × 104 N (b) 2.7 × 104 N
ht

83. A circular tube of mean radius 8 cm and thickness 0.04 cm is (c) 3.3 × 104 N (d) 1.1 × 104 N
melted up and recast into a solid rod of the same length. The 90. When the load on a wire is increasing slowly from 2 kg to
ratio of the torsional rigidities of the circular tube and the 4 kg, the elongation increases from 0.6 mm to 1 mm. The
sig

solid rod is work done during this extension of the wire is (g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 9 ´ 10–3 J (b) 12 ´ 10–3 J
(c) 14 ´ 10–3 J (d) 16 ´ 10–3 J
In

Exercise 2 : Exemplar & Past Year MCQs

NCERT Exemplar MCQs (c) be four times (d) remain same
1. Modulus of rigidity of ideal liquids is 3. The temperature of a wire is doubled. The Young's modulus
(a) infinity of elasticity
(b) zero (a) will also double (b) will become four times
(c) unity (c) will remain same (d) will decrease
(d) some finite small non-zero constant value 4. A spring is stretched by applying a load to its free end. The
2. The maximum load a wire can withstand without breaking, strain produced in the spring is
when its length is reduced to half of its original length, will (a) volumetric (b) shear
(a) be double (b) be half (c) longitudinal and shear (d) longitudinal
 EBD_7418
118 PHYSICS

5. A rigid bar of mass M is supported symmetrically by three 11. The Young's modulus of steel is twice that of brass. Two
wires each of length l. Those at each end are of copper and wires of same length and of same area of cross section, one
the middle one is of iron. The ratio of their diameters, if each of steel and another of brass are suspended from the same
is to have the same tension, is equal to roof. If we want the lower ends of the wires to be at the same
Yiron level, then the weights added to the steel and brass wires
(a) Ycopper / Yiron (b) Ycopper must be in the ratio of : [AIPMT 2015, A]
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
2
Yiron Yiron 12. Stress vs strain curve for the elastic tissue of the aorta, the
(c) 2 (d) Ycopper large tube (vessel) carrying blood from the heart, will be :
Ycopper

y
[stress is proportional to square of the strain for the elastic
6. A mild steel wire of length 2L and cross-sectional area A is
tissue of the aorta] [AIIMS 2015, C]
stretched, well within elastic limit, horizontally between two

m
pillars (figure ). A mass m is suspended from the mid-point of
the wire. Strain in the wire is
2L
x2

de
x (a) (b)
(a) (b) x
2 L2 L
x2 x2 m
(c) (d)

ca
L 2L
7. A rectangular frame is to be suspended symmetrically by
two strings of equal length on two supports (figure). It can (c) (d)
be done in one of the following three ways;

A
13. The bulk modulus of a spherical object is 'B'. If it is subjected
to uniform pressure 'p', the fractional decrease in radius is
[NEET 2017, C]
d
B 3p p p
(a) (b) (c) (a) (b) (c) (d)
fie
The tension in the strings will be 3p B 3B B
(a) the same in all cases (b) least in (a) 14. An iron rod of length 2m and cross-sectional area of 50 mm2
(c) least in (b) (d) least in (c) stretched by 0.5 mm, when a mass of 250 kg is hung from its
8. Consider two cylindrical rods of identical dimensions, one lower end. Young’s modulus of iron rod is [AIIMS 2017, A]
(a) 19.6 × 1020 N/m2 (b) 19.6 × 1018 N/m2
ni

of rubber and the other of steel. Both the rods are fixed
rigidly at one end to the roof. A mass M is attached to each (c) 19.6 × 1010 N/m2 (d) 19.6 × 1015 N/m2
of the free ends at the centre of the rods. 15. Assertion: Solids are least compressible and gases are most
U

(a) Both the rods will elongate but there shall be no compressible.
perceptible change in shape Reason: solids have definite shape and volume but gases
(b) The steel rod will elongate and change shape but the do not have either definite shape or definite volume.
rubber rod will only elongate [AIIMS 2017, C]
ht

(c) The steel rod will elongate without any perceptible

change in shape, but the rubber rod will elongate and
the shape of the bottom edge will change to an ellipse
(d) The steel rod will elongate, without any perceptible change
sig
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason
is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason

in shape, but the rubber rod will elongate with the shape is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
of the bottom edge tapered to a tip at the centre (c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Past Year MCQs
16. Two wires are made of the same material and have the same
In

9. Copper of fixed volume ‘V; is drawn into wire of length ‘l’. volume. The first wire has cross-sectional area A and the
When this wire is subjected to a constant force ‘F’, the second wire has cross-sectional area 3A. If the length of
extension produced in the wire is ‘Dl’. Which of the following the first wire is increased by Dl on applying a force F, how
graphs is a straight line? [AIPMT 2014, C]
much force is needed to stretch the second wire by the
1 same amount? [BITSAT 2016, NEET 2018, A]
(a) Dl versus (b) Dl versus l2
l (a) 9 F (b) 6 F (c) F (d) 4 F
1 17. The fractional change in volume of a glass slab when
(c) Dl versus 2 (d) Dl versus l
l subjected to a hydraulic pressure of 10 atm is:
10. A wire is stretched by 1 kg wt. If the radius of the wire is [Bulk modulus of glass = 37 × 109 N/m2] [AIIMS 2018, A]
doubled, its Young's modulus will be [BITSAT 2014, A] (a) 2.74 × 10–5 (b) 5.12 × 10–3
(a) remains unchanged (b) becomes half (c) 8.31 × 10 –4 (d) 6.11 × 10–4
(c) become doubled (d) become four times
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 119

18. A solid sphere of radius r made of a soft material of bulk piston to compress the liquid, the fractional decrement in
modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical æ dr ö
container. A massless piston of area a floats on the surface the radius of the sphere çè ÷ø ,is : [JEE Main 2018, S, BN]
r
of the liquid, covering entire cross-section of cylindrical
container. When a mass m is placed on the surface of the Ka Ka mg mg
(a) (b) (c) (d)
mg 3mg 3Ka Ka

Exercise 3 : Try If You Can

y
m
1. A body of mass 10 kg is attached to a wire of radius 3 cm. 2.0 × 1011 Nm–2, the total extension of the composite wire is :
It’s breaking stress is 4.8 × 10 7 Nm –2 , the area of cross- (a) 1.75 mm (b) 2.0 mm (c) 1.50 mm (d) 1.25 mm

de
section of the wire is 10–6 m 2 . What is the maximum 6. A uniform wire (Young’s modulus 2 × 1011 Nm–2) is subjected
angular velocity with which it can be rotated in the to longitudinal tensile stress of 5 × 107 Nm–2. If the overall
horizontal circle ? volume change in the wire is 0.02%, the fractional decrease
(a) 1 rad sec–1 (b) 2 rad sec–1 in the radius of the wire is close to :

ca
–1 (a) 1.0 × 10–4 (b) 1.5 × 10–4
(c) 4 rad sec (d) 8 rad sec–1
(c) 0.25 × 10–4 (d) 5 × 10–4
2. A massive stone pillar 20 m high and of uniform cross- 7. Spring constant of a spring varries as:
section rests on a rigid base and supports a vertical load of [where Young's Modulus, l = 1 length, d = diameter of spring

A
5.0 × 105 N at its upper end. If the compressive stress in the wire]
pillar is not to exceed 1.6 × 106 N m–2, what is the minimum 1
cross-sectional area of the pillar? Density of the stone = 2.5 (a) µ (b) µ d 2 (c) µ l (d) µ g 2
× 103 kg m–3. (Take g = 10 N kg–1) g
d
8. A thin 1 m long rod has a radius of 5 mm. A force of 50 pkN
(a) 0.15 m2 (b) 0.25 m2 (c) 0.35 m2 (d) 0.45 m2 is applied at one end to determine its Young's modulus (Y).
fie
3. If the ratio of lengths, radii and Young’s modulus of steel Assume that the force is exactly known. If the least count in
and brass wires shown in the figure are a, b, and c, the measurement of all lengths is 0.01 mm, which of the
respectively. The ratio between the increase in lengths of following statements is false ?
brass and steel wires would be (a) The maximum value of Y that can be determined is
ni

b2 a 2 × 1014N/m2.
(a) DY
2c (b) gets minimum contribution from the uncertainty
Y
U

bc Brass in the length

(b) DY
2a 2
2kg (c) gets its maximum contribution from the
Y
ba 2 uncertainty in strain
ht

(c) Steel (d) The figure of merit is the largest for the length of the
2c
rod.
a 4kg 9. A uniformly tapering conical wire is made from a material of
sig

(d) 2 Young's modulus Y and has a normal, unextended length L.

2b c
The radii, at the upper and lower ends of this conical wire,
4. One end of a uniform wire of length L and of weight W is have values R and 3R, respectively. The upper end of the
attached rigidly to a point in the roof and W1 weight is wire is fixed to a rigid support and a mass M is suspended
suspended from looser end. If A is area of cross-section of
In

from its lower end. The equilibrium extended length, of this

L wire, would equal :
the wire, the stress in the wire at a height from the upper
4
end is æ 2 Mg ö æ 1 Mg ö
L ç1 + L ç1 +
W1 + W W1 + 3W / 4
(a) è 9 pYR 2 ÷ø (b) è 9 pYR 2 ÷ø
(a) (b)
a a æ 1 Mg ö æ 2 Mg ö
L ç1 + (d) L çè 1 + 3
(c)
W1 + W / 4
(d)
4 W1 + 3W (c) è 3 pYR 2 ÷ø ÷
pYR 2 ø
a a 10. A massless rod of length L is hanging from a horizontal
5. A copper wire of length 1.0 m and a steel wire of length ceiling with help of two wires, of equal length and diameter,
0.5 m having equal cross-sectional areas are joined end to attached to the ends of the rod. The Young's modulus of
end. The composite wire is stretched by a certain load which
the first wire is Y and the second wire is 1.2Y. A mass M is
stretches the copper wire by 1 mm. If the Young’s modulii of
copper and steel are respectively 1.0 × 1011 Nm–2 and attached to the rod at a distance X from the first wire. If the
stretching of the two wires is equal then X/L is
 EBD_7418
120 PHYSICS

5 6 13. The Young’s modulus of brass and steel are respectively

(a) (b) 1010 N/m2. and 2 × 1010 N/m2. A brass wire and a steel wire
11 11
Y 1.2Y of the same length are extended by 1 mm under the same
L force, the radii of brass and steel wires are RB and RS
7 9
(c) (d) X respectively. Then
11 11
M (a) RS = 2 R B (b) RS = R B / 2
11. A square frame of ABCD consisting of five steel bars of
cross-section area 400 mm2 and joined by pivot is subjected (c) R S = 4R B (d) R S = R B / 4
to action of two forces P = 40 kN in the direction of the 14. Two bodies of masses 2 kg and 3 kg are connected by a

y
diagonal as shown. Find change in angle at A if Young’s metal wire of cross-section 0.04 mm2. Breaking stress of
modulus Y = 2 × 105 N/min. metal wire is 2.5 GPa. The maximum force F that can be

m
1 a applied to 3 kg block so that wire does not break is
(a) rad A
B (Neglect friction)
2000

de
0.04 mm² F
1 a a 2kg 3kg
(b) rad
1000 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
D (a) 100 N (b) 150 N (c) 200 N (d) 250 N

ca
2 a C
(c) rad 15. A metal wire of length L1 and area of cross-section A is
1000 attached to a rigid support. Another metal wire of length L2
(d) None 40 kN and of the same cross-sectional area is attached to the free

A
12. A rod of length 1000mm and coefficient of linear expansion end of the first wire. A body of mass M is then suspended
a = 10–4 per degree is placed symmetrically between fixed from the free end of the second wire. If Y1 and Y2 are the
walls separated by 1001 mm. The Young’s modulus of the young’s moduli of the wires respectively, the effective force
rod is 1011 N/m2. If the temperature is increased by 20°C, constant of the system of two wires is
d
then the stress developed in the rod is (in N/m2) (Y1Y2 ) A (Y1Y2 ) A
(a) 10
//////////////////////////////////////

(a) 2(Y L + Y L ) (b)

fie
1 2 2 1 ( L1L2 )1/2
1000mm
(b) 108
(Y1Y2 ) A (Y1Y2 )1/2 A
(c) 2 × 108 (c) (d)
Y1 L2 + Y2 L1 ( L2 L1 )1/2
ni

(d) cannot be calculated

1001mm
U
ht

ANSWER KEYS
Exercise 1 : Topic-wise MCQs
sig

1 (a) 10 (b) 19 (c) 28 (d) 37 (a) 46 (b) 55 (a) 64 (c) 73 (b) 82 (d)
2 (c) 11 (d) 20 (a) 29 (b) 38 (c) 47 (c) 56 (a) 65 (d) 74 (a) 83 (a)
3 (c) 12 (b) 21 (c) 30 (a) 39 (d) 48 (c) 57 (b) 66 (c) 75 (c) 84 (a)
4 (b) 13 (a) 22 (c) 31 (b) 40 (c) 49 (d) 58 (d) 67 (a) 76 (d) 85 (b)
In

5 (c) 14 (a) 23 (d) 32 (b) 41 (a) 50 (a) 59 (b) 68 (b) 77 (d) 86 (b)
6 (b) 15 (d) 24 (a) 33 (d) 42 (c) 51 (a) 60 (c) 69 (a) 78 (a) 87 (c)
7 (c) 16 (b) 25 (c) 34 (a) 43 (c) 52 (a) 61 (c) 70 (b) 79 (b) 88 (a)
8 (b) 17 (d) 26 (d) 35 (a) 44 (a) 53 (b) 62 (b) 71 (c) 80 (d) 89 (c)
9 (c) 18 (b) 27 (c) 36 (c) 45 (b) 54 (d) 63 (d) 72 (d) 81 (c) 90 (c)
Exercise 2 : Exemplar & Past Year MCQs
1 (b) 3 (d) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (b) 11 (a) 13 (c) 15 (b) 17 (a)
2 (d) 4 (c) 6 (a) 8 (d) 10 (a) 12 (a) 14 (c) 16 (a) 18 (c)
Exercise 3 : Try If You Can
1 (c) 3 (d) 5 (d) 7 (b) 9 (c) 11 (b) 13 (b) 15 (c)
2 (d) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (a) 10 (b) 12 (b) 14 (d)