TANDABUI INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

BASIC TECHNICAL CERTIFICATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

NTA LEVEL 5 SEMESTER I

PST05105: RATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES

CAT ONE EXAM

DURATION: 2 HOURS DATE: 04/12/ 2017

CANDIDATE NO …………………………………
INSTRUCTIONS
a) This examination paper consists of five (5) sections A, B, C, D and E.
b) Candidates are required to answer ALL questions.
c) Cellular phones and other unauthorized materials are NOT allowed in the examination room.
d) Write your examination number on every page of your answer booklet/sheet provided.

SECTION TYPE OF MARKS SCORES EXAMINER EXTERNAL

QUESTION ALLOCATED S INITIALS REMARKS
A MULTPLE 10
CHOICE
B TRUE/FALSE 20
C MATCHING 10
ITEMS
D SHORT NOTES 40
E ESSAY 20
TOTAL 100
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of ten (10) questions
 Circle the letter of the most correct answer
 There is the only one correct answer
 One mark will be awarded for each correct answer

1. ______ is the preparation and distribution of a course of therapy to appropriate patient

without appropriate instruction based on prescription
a) Irrational dispensing
b) Irrational prescribing
c) Irrational prescription
d) Generic prescribing
e) Rational dispensing
2. The following are the factor contributing to irrational use of medicine
a) Unaffordable medicine and over work of health worker
b) Ethical promotion of drug
c) Restricted availability of medicine
d) Coordinate national pharmaceutical policy
e) Adequate supervision
3. Instruction to the patient on use of medicine should be given
a) In English
b) In language not understood by patient
c) If it is at all necessary
d) Until the patient understand
e) In Swahili
4. Good dispensing practice involve the several steps among the following
a) Interviewing the patient to establish exact nature of the disease
b) Writing the prescription in terms of the dose and the patient information
c) Calculating and measuring irrationally the required quantity of medicine to be
dispensed
d) Recording details of the dispensed prescription to ensure accountability
e) Proper diagnosis of the patient by the dispenser
5. To ensure patient compliance to the prescribed drug, the dispenser should stress on the
following points
a) When and how to take the drug
b) To share the drug with the immediate members of the family
c) To take all the drug on empty stomach
d) To take all the drug immediate after food
e) To take all the drug immediate after breakfast
6. The length of time a drug may be stored without affect its stability, efficacy, and potent
referred as
a) Shelf life
b) Expiration date
c) Duration of treatment
d) Rational dispensing
e) Rational use of medicine
7. Medicine selection done by the central committee meet the criteria based on the following
except
a) Prescriber interest
b) Efficacy of drug
c) Quality of drug
d) Safety of drug
e) Cost effectiveness
8. The following are the benefit of generic Prescribing:
a) It need multiple stocks
b) It is difficult to remember the generic names of drugs.
c) Patients may get inappropriate medicines.
d) Reduced costs of drugs and multiple stocks.
e) Excluded in the essential medicine list.
9. Prescription become a legal document if it is signed by
a) Qualified dispenser
b) Qualified prescriber
c) Patient
d) Relative whose patient is unconscious
e) Both qualified prescriber and dispenser
10. ____ is a standard treatment guideline or prescribing policy systematically developed to
help prescribers make decision on treatment for specific clinical conditions.
a) Clinical guideline
b) Rational use of drug
c) Generic drug
d) Prescription audit and feedback
e) Drug therapeutic committee
SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE AND FALSE QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of eight(8) questions with five options
 Write the word TRUE for correct statement and word FALSE for wrong
statement in the space provided
 0.5 mark will be awarded for each correct answer

1. The following are component of rational prescribing

a) _______ Inaccurate diagnosis
b) _______ Selection of best and unaffordable medicine to prescribe
c) _______ Prescribe adequate dose for insufficient length of time
d) _______ Incomplete communication between doctor and doctor
e) _______ Appropriate patient information and evaluation

2. As far as dispensing of pharmaceutical is concerned

a) _________ Supervision of the pharmacy practice can be done by anybody
b) _________ Generic product are normally cheaper than brand name product
c) _________ Drug that have expired are normally can still be used for some
period
d) _________ the abbreviation “TDS” means twice a daily
e) _________ it is necessary to be familiar with brand name as opposed to generic
name of drug

3. In ethical standard a qualified pharmaceutical personnel

a) _________ Must agree to practice under any conditions which compromise
professional independence or judgment
b) _________ Must respect the confidentiality or information acquired in the
course of professional practice relating to a patient and patient family
c) _________ Must take precaution to safeguard the patient and public welfare
when dispensing any drug or compounding any preparation
d) ________ Should not safeguard drug and pharmaceutical facilities in health units
against theft, pilferage deterioration and other physical hazards
e) ________ Should exercise cleanliness, tidiness and politeness during the course
of pharmaceutical

4. The following are the roles of pharmaceutical personnel except

a) ________ Being counselor to the patient
b) ________ Being custodian of medication information
c) ________ Being companion of the physician
d) ________ Being record keeper of both prescribed and purchased medicine
 e) ________ Being custodian of medication information and sells medicine for their
own profit

5. In a good dispensing practice (GDP)

a) _________ Proper labeling is necessary to give patient the opportunity to
regularly check for the right use of the medicine they take
b) _________ Correct use of medicine is not an important key to success of
treatment and therefore dispenser need not to give full and clear information to
the user
c) _________ The drug order must contain in sequence drug name,dosage,route
and frequency of dosing
d) ________ When label are not available in the compounding section, medicine
may be dispensed without label and instruction a given verbally to the patient
e) _________ Patient require information on safe storage of their medicine at
home to ensure that they remain effective and not mistakenly used by children

6. Ethics practice that control pharmaceutical dispensing

a) ________ Dispensing medicine in accordance to problem of the patient visited
pharmacy
b) ________ Encourage communication between prescriber and dispenser for
more clarification
c) _________To keep all prescription for record
d) _________ To dispense medicine without prescription
e) _________ Proper labeling is enough, no need to explain more to patient

7. The most effectively approach for improving medicine use in primary health care in
developing countries is combination of
a) __________ Education and supervision of healthy personnel
b) __________ insufficient supply of appropriate medicine
c) ___________ inappropriate continuing education to dispenser
d) ___________unaffordable cost of medicine
e) ___________ inadequate provision of information to consumer
8. The following chain of people contribute to irrational use of medicine
a) --------------Nurse
b) -------------Laboratory technician
c) --------------Doctor
d) --------------Patient
e) --------------dispenser
SECTION C MATCHING ITEMS QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:

 This section consists of ten (10) matching item questions with two parts each
containing five questions
 Match the items in column A with corresponding statements in column B by
writing a letter of correct response in the space provided
 Each correct response is awarded one mark
 Each item from column B is used only once
PART A

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Component of rationality ________ a. Rational prescribing
2. Generic ________ b. Rational dispensing
3. International Nonproprietary Name c. overuse of limited medicines
_______

4. Polypharmacy _________ d. Irrational Prescribing

5. irrational use of medicines _________ e. Internationally recognized name for a
chemical entity
f. Appropriate indication

g. Obviates the need for multiple stocks

PART B

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Lack of skills and knowledge ________ a. Factor contribute to rational use of
medicine
2. Appropriate and enforced regulation ____ b. interventions to overcome rational use of
_____ medicine
3. Drug and therapeutic committees ________ c. Useful ways to disseminate information
about rational use of medicine
4. Continuing in-service medical education d. Is a requirement for licensure of health
__________ professionals in many countries.
5. Drug information centers ________ e. Providing on-going staff education
f. Strategy to overcome irrational use of
medicine
g. Factor contribute to irrational use of
medicine
 SECTION D: SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS (40MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:

 This section consists of eight (8) questions.

 Write a readable handwrite; DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED.

1. Describe measures to alleviate irrational use of medicine.

2. What are the factors contributing to irrational use of medicine
3. What are the mistake which can be avoided during prescribing practice
4. Explain five outcomes of irrational use medicine to the community
5. Outline steps necessary for rational dispensing
6. What are the problem caused by irrational use of medicine
7. Define the following terms
a) Rational use
b) Irrational prescribing
c) Irrational dispensing

d) Generic name
e) Expiration date
8. What are factors which hinder the practice of rational drug use

SECTION E: ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS (20MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consits of two (2) questions which are supposed to be
answered in a narrative way
 Write your answer on sheet of paper provided; each question should
start on a new page
 Each question carr 10 marks

1. Describe advantages of generic prescribing

2. Explain the regulatory measures to support the rational use of medicine