PLUMBING MATERIALS

FOR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

PREPARED BY AR. FROILAN CABIGON

PIPES
P L A S T I C , M E TA L & C E M E N T P I P E S
TYPES OF PIPES
PLASTIC METAL
• PVC • CAST-IRON
• ABS • SS
• HDPE
CEMENT
• ACP
• RCP
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PVC (Sanitary or DWV)
P O LY V I N Y LC H LO R I D E

Most popular type of drainage

piping in the modern world. Can
be used both below and above
ground and used for both DWV
and storm drainage systems.

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PVC (Sanitary or DWV)
P O LY V I N Y LC H LO R I D E

ADVANTAGES METAL
DISADVANTAGES
• Low Cost • Less durable than
• Lightweight other alternatives
• Easy installation • Poor muffling
capability
• Readily available
• Can last 100 years

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ABS
AC RY LO N I T R I L E B U TA D I E N E ST Y R E N E

ABS or Acrylonitrile Butadiene

Styrene is a thermoplastic pipe
also commonly used in buildings
in the DWV Systems, sewer
systems and even electrical cable
insulations.

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ABS
AC RY LO N I T R I L E B U TA D I E N E ST Y R E N E

ADVANTAGES METAL
DISADVANTAGES
• More durable than PVC • Costlier than PVC
• Shock Resistant • Can warp with exposure
• Easy Installation to direct sunlight
• Easy Handling • Not readily available.
• Average lifespan of 70
years
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HDPE (Corrugated)
H I G H D E N S I T Y P O LY E T H Y L E N E

Large flexible corrugated plastic

pipes primarily used in the storm
sewers and sanitary sewers for large
building complexes, industrial
applications and infrastructure. It
sufficiently flexible to snake around
contours and obstacles.

https://www.tdrpipe.com/ 8
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HDPE
H I G H D E N S I T Y P O LY E T H Y L E N E

ADVANTAGES METAL
DISADVANTAGES
• Flexible • Expensive
• Good for sloping & • Poor tolerance to high
uneven terrain temperatures
• Long life span (100+)

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CAST IRON

Cast iron pipes are made from an

alloy of iron, carbon and silicon with
controlled amounts of manganese.
This was used in the 80’s-90’s
primarily for soil, waste and storm
systems.

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CAST IRON
Single hub – equipped with a bell on
one end and a spigot on the other
end

Double hub – constructed with a hub

on both ends

Hubless – no hub on either ends of

the pipe

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CAST IRON

ADVANTAGES METAL
DISADVANTAGES
• Fireproof • Heavy and labor
• Superior Strength intensive
• Abrasion resistant • May corrode which
• Long Lasting will lead to the pipe
• Superior Noise having rust, cracks and
Suppression. holes.

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STAINLESS STEEL (SS)
Stainless steel pipes are
domestically used as waste pipes
when it comes to drainage. They
are what traps are made of in
some plumbing fixtures like
lavatories.

These pipes are also used in

industrial applications like
laboratories
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STAINLESS STEEL (SS)

ADVANTAGES METAL
DISADVANTAGES
• Low maintenance • Heavy
• Very smooth surface, • Costly
ensures hygiene • Poor thermal
• Resistant to corrosion, conductivity
fire, deformation, and
thermal stress
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ACP
A S B ESTO S C E M E N T P I P E

This pipe is made by combining

asbestos fibers with Portland cement
and silica and was primarily used for
drainage, waste and storm systems
in the 90’s.

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ACP
A S B ESTO S C E M E N T P I P E

ADVANTAGES METAL
DISADVANTAGES
• Remarkably suited for • Usage is heavily
embedment in concrete discouraged if not
• Long Lasting banned due to health
concerns
• Good noise suppression
• Not resistant to
impact damage

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RCP
R E I N FO RC E D CO N C R E T E P I P E

Reinforced concrete pipe, or RCP, is

one of the standard materials used
in storm sewers, sanitary sewers,
and large irrigation projects.

Almost always this is the alternative

if HDPE is not suitable.

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RCP
R E I N FO RC E D CO N C R E T E P I P E

ADVANTAGES METAL
DISADVANTAGES
• Strongest pipe available • Heavy
• Can be designed and • High transport costs
tested to meet any load • Difficult to install
conditions
• Long lasting

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FITTINGS
Used for
a. connecting pipes
b. changing pipe direction
c . j o i n i n g p i p e s o f d i f fe r e n t
sizes/materials
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SANITARY FITTINGS

90˚ ELBOW LONG SWEEP ELBOW 45 ˚ ELBOW TEE COUPLING

REDUCER/
INCREASER WYE DOUBLE WYE CLEANOUT CAP
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JOINING
METHODS
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CEMENT WELD
S O LV E N T C E M E N T FO R P VC A N D A B S A R E D I F F E R E N T

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ELECTROFUSION WELD
FO R CO R R U G AT E D H D P E P I P ES

The electrofusion process

involves wrapping an
electrofusion belt around the
joint. The belt then is heated
and the pipes melt and the
plastic pipe fuses to complete
the joint.

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BELL AND SPIGOT
FO R C A ST - I RO N P I P ES

Bell and spigot– is used in

joining cast iron pipes with a
bell end and a spigot end.
Caulked oakum and lead are
used in sealing the joint.

Oakum
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FLANGED JOINT
C A N B E U S E D FO R C A ST - I RO N P I P ES A N D S S P I P ES A S W E L L
A rubber gasket is inserted between the flanges and the compression
made by the nuts and bolts forms a tight seal.

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COLLAR JOINT
U S E D FO R C E M E N T P I P ES

Joins pipes with the use of a

gasket between the two pipes
to be joined and a coupling
(collar) filled with cement
mortar.

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CEMENT JOINT
U S E D FO R C E M E N T P I P ES

Joins pipes by putting cement

plaster all around the joint. The
connection is made complete
when the plaster hardens

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