NOVEMBER 2023 REFRESHER COURSE

REVIEW INNOVATIONS
November 14, 2023

Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

OSH Standards (Site Premises, Excavation, Scaffolding, HIRAC, etc.)

SET 2

ESTRADA, Laurenze John G.

Part-time Instructor
definition of terms

(1) Primary cause of accident that is characterized by the human action that
departs from a standard or written job procedure or common practice, safety
rules, regulations, or instructions.

a. Safety hazard

b. Health hazard

c. Unsafe act

d. Unsafe condition
definition of terms

(2) The physical or chemical property of a material, machine or the

environment which could result in injury to a person, damage or destruction
to property or other forms of losses.

a. Safety hazard

b. Health hazard

c. Unsafe act

d. Unsafe condition
definition of terms

(3) A risk associated with poorly guarded or dangerous equipment and

machinery that may cause injury.

a. Safety hazard

b. Health hazard

c. Unsafe act

d. Unsafe condition
definition of terms

(4) A risk associated with exposure to dangerous substance or conditions that

may cause illness/ disease.

a. Safety hazard

b. Health hazard

c. Unsafe act

d. Unsafe condition
definition of terms

(5) In demolition safety, this control is characterized by ensuring separation

between the public and the demolition activities.

a. Elimination

b. Substitution

c. Isolation

d. Engineering control
definition of terms

(6) Which control is demonstrated by the use of power shears, in place of

grinding or oxy-acetylene cutting, where there is a risk of fire?

a. Elimination

b. Substitution

c. Isolation

d. Engineering control
definition of terms

(7) Installation of scaffolds, platforms, guardrails, shoring and bracing to

support loads are examples of this type of risk control

a. Elimination

b. Substitution

c. Administrative control

d. Engineering control
definition of terms

(8) This type of risk control includes limiting the amount of time a person is
exposed to a particular hazard, implementing safe working procedures for
all hazardous tasks, and training all personnel.

a. Elimination

b. Substitution

c. Administrative control

d. Engineering control
definition of terms

SOURCE: DMCI
definition of terms

(9) An engineering control or set of PPEs prevents you from falling like
guardrails, covers, restraints, etc.

a. Fall protection system

b. Fall arrest system

c. Fall-proof system

d. Fall alert system

definition of terms

(10) An engineering control or PPE set that protect you after you fall which is
characterized by stopping the fall before you hit the surface like net/mesh
and/or body harness.

a. Fall protection system

b. Fall arrest system

c. Fall-proof system

d. Fall alert system

definition of terms

(11) A formal process to identify potential hazards related to an activity or

operation, analyze the level of risk associated with those hazards, and
propose controls to reduce the level of risks

a. Job hazard analysis

b. HIRAC

c. Risk management

d. OSH
definition of terms

(12) A formal process to identify the dangers of specific job tasks in order to
reduce the risk of injury to workers. It involves breaking down the steps of
performing a job, identifying hazards at each step, and creating controls to
keep workers safe while performing that task.

a. Job hazard analysis

b. HIRAC

c. Risk management

d. OSH
definition of terms

The key difference between job

hazard analysis and HIRAC.

Job hazard analysis has a much

narrower scope, as it involves only
job-specific risks. HIRAC, on the other
hand, gives a big picture view of all
operational risks including
environmental hazards, storm water
and waste management, equipment
maintenance, and more.

SOURCE: DMCI
definition of terms

I. Classify work activities

II. Identify hazard
III. Conduct risk assessment
IV. Decide if risk is tolerable and apply control measures

(13) Which of the following are not included in HIRAC process?

a. I only

b. II only

c. IV only

d. None of the above

definition of terms

I. Classify work activities

II. Identify hazard
III. Conduct risk assessment
IV. Decide if risk is tolerable and apply control measures
(14) Which of the process includes calculation of likelihood of occurrence
and severity of the hazard?
a. I

b. II

c. III

d. IV
 OSH Standards

(15) In the OSH standard, workrooms shall be at least how many meters in
height from the floor to the ceiling?

a. 2.4

b. 2.7

c. 3.0

d. 3.2
 OSH Standards

(16) Where the rooms are air-conditioned, and the process allows free
movement; existing heights of not less than how many meters may be
allowed?

a. 2.4

b. 2.7

c. 3.0

d. 3.2
 OSH Standards

(17) The maximum number of persons employed in a workroom area shall

not exceed one person per how many cubic meters?

a. 10.5

b. 11.5

c. 12.5

d. 13.5
 OSH Standards

(18) What is the maximum number of personsSpace

should be
=LxW x Hallowed to work in
a 4.6 m by 7.5 m workroom with a 4 m clear height?
Space = 7.5 x 4.6 x 4 = 138 cu.m.

No. of person = 138 / 11.5 = 12 persons

a. 9

b. 10

c. 11

d. 12
 OSH Standards

Why 9 and not 12? Space = L x W x H (max 3 m)

Space = 7.5 x 4.6 x 3 = 103.5 cu.m.

No. of person = 103.5 / 11.5 = 9 persons

a. 9

b. 10

c. 11

d. 12
 OSH Standards

(19) The minimum width of passageways between machinery or equipment

should not be less than how many meters?

a. 0.60

b. 0.70

c. 0.90

d. 1.00
 OSH Standards

(20) According to the OSH standard, standard railings shall be at least how
many meters from the floor level to the upper surface of the top rail?

a. 1.00

b. 1.10

c. 1.20

d. 1.25
 OSH Standards

(21) What is the maximum spacing of posts in a standard railing?

a. 6.00 m

b. 4.00 m

c. 3.00 m

d. 2.00 m
 OSH Standards

(22) For pipe railings, the top rails and posts of metal pipes of should be at
least how many millimeters in diameter?

a. 25 mm

b. 30 mm

c. 35 mm

d. 50 mm
 OSH Standards

(23) All stairs, platform, and landings shall be of sufficient strength to sustain
safely a live load of not less than 490 kg/m2 with what factor of safety?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5
 OSH Standards

(24) According to OSH standards, this shall be the minimum width of stairs
(including handrails).

a. 0.90 m

b. 1.00 m

c. 1.10 m

d. 1.20 m
 OSH Standards

(25) This is the minimum width of stairs without the handrails.

a. 0.90 m

b. 1.00 m

c. 1.10 m

d. 1.20 m
 OSH Standards

(26) Which of the following stairway slope (H:V) fits the criteria defined in the
OSH standards for stair pitch?

a. 4:1 14°

b. 3:1 18°
30° 38°
20° 45°

c. 1.5:1 33° 20° 45°

d. 1:1 45°
 OSH Standards

(27) Which of the following pitch qualifies for ramp installation?

a. 3:1 18°

b. 2:1 26°
30° 38°
20° 45°

c. 1.5:1 33° 20° 45°

d. 1:1 45°
 OSH Standards

(28) In a pitch of more than 45°, what should be provided instead of

stairs?

a. Steep ramp

b. Fixed ladder 30° 38°

20° 45°

c. elevator 20° 45°

d. portalift
 OSH Standards

(29) What is the maximum clear height between stairway landings?

a. 3.0 m

b. 3.3 m

c. 3.6 m

d. 3.9 m
 OSH Standards

(30) According to OSH standard, headroom shall be provided at all points in

the stairwell, what is the minimum vertical clearance from the top of the
tread in line with the face of the riser?

a. 4.0 m

b. 3.0 m

c. 2.0 m

d. 1.0 m
 OSH Standards

(31) This is the minimum dimension of treads (exclusive of nosing and

projections)

a. 20 cm

b. 25 cm

c. 30 cm

d. 35 cm
 OSH Standards

(32) The riser should have a maximum height of how many meters?

a. 20 cm

b. 25 cm

c. 30 cm

d. 35 cm
 OSH Standards

(33) What is the maximum pitch (slope) for a fixed ladder?

a. 60°

b. 75°

c. 80°

d. 90°
 OSH Standards

(34) For a fixed ladder used to ascend height of more than 20 meters, at
what height should landing be provided?

a. 6th, 12th, and 18th meter

b. 5th, 10th, and 15th meter

c. 8th and 16th meter

d. 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, and 18th meter

 OSH Standards

(35) This is the vertical member of shoring and timbering which directly
resists pressure from side of an excavation.

a. Sheathing

b. Strut

c. Wale

d. Toeboard

SOURCE: DMCI
 OSH Standards

(36) It is the longitudinal member of shoring and timbering which directly

resists pressure from sheathing.

a. Sheathing

b. Strut

c. Wale

d. Toeboard

SOURCE: DMCI
 OSH Standards

(37) It is the transverse member of shoring and timbering which directly

resists pressure from sheathing or wales.

a. Sheathing

b. Strut

c. Wale

d. Toeboard

SOURCE: DMCI
 OSH Standards

(38) A general term used to describe a temporary structure of timber or

metal work with a platform used in the construction, alteration, or demolition
of a building, or other maintenance work used to support workers or to allow
the hoisting and lowering of workers, their tools, and materials.

a. Scaffolds

b. Single scaffold

c. Double scaffold

d. Suspended scaffold

PHOTO NOT MINE

 OSH Standards

(39) A scaffold hanging by means of ropes or chains capable of being

lowered or raised by winch, pulley, block, or such other means.

a. Scaffolds

b. Single scaffold

c. Double scaffold

d. Suspended scaffold

PHOTO NOT MINE

 OSH Standards

(40) A platform supported by a single row of uprights or standards tied

along the wall, connected horizontally by a ledger, and supporting putlogs
which rests on ledger on one side and in holes left in walls on the other.

a. Scaffolds

b. Single scaffold

c. Double scaffold

d. Suspended scaffold

PHOTO NOT MINE

 OSH Standards

(41) A platform supported on two rows of uprights or standards parallel to

the wall of a building connected by horizontal ledgers and is independent
from the building wall.

a. Scaffolds

b. Single scaffold

c. Double scaffold

d. Suspended scaffold

PHOTO NOT MINE

 OSH Standards

(42) It is the vertical member of scaffold transmitting the load to the ground
or to a base plate.

a. Ledger/Stringer

b. Putlogs/Bearer

c. Brace

d. Standard/Upright

PHOTO NOT MINE

 OSH Standards

(43) A scaffold bracing, which extends horizontally from standard to

standard forming right angles with the putlogs and forms a tie between the
standards.

a. Ledger/Stringer

b. Putlogs/Bearer

c. Brace

d. Standard/Upright

PHOTO NOT MINE

 OSH Standards

(44) A scaffold member spanning between a ledger and a building wall or

between two ledgers upon which the platform rests.

a. Ledger/Stringer

b. Putlogs/Bearer

c. Brace

d. Standard/Upright

PHOTO NOT MINE

 OSH Standards

(45) A scaffold member that holds standards or uprights in a fixed position

to prevent any lateral movement.

a. Ledger/Stringer

b. Putlogs/Bearer

c. Brace

d. Standard/Upright

PHOTO NOT MINE

 OSH Standards

(46) In excavation safety, adequate shoring and timbering to prevent

collapse shall be provided for excavation of depth more than how many
meters?

a. 0.75

b. 0.80

c. 1.00

d. 0.90
 OSH Standards

(47) Adequate shoring and timbering to prevent collapse shall be

provided for excavation depth of over 1.0 meter except:

a. excavation in which workers are not required to enter

b. excavation cut in solid rock

c. excavation with walls sloped to 45° or at angle of repose.

d. all of the above

 OSH Standards

(48) At what excavation depth should the services of a Structural engineer

for the design of the excavation be required?

a. Over 5.0 meters deep

b. Over 5.6 meters deep

c. Over 6.0 meters deep

d. Over 6.6 meters deep

 OSH Standards

(49) Tools or materials shall be kept a minimum of how many meters away
from the edge of the excavation to prevent their being knocked down into
the excavation?

a. 1.0

b. 2.0

c. 2.5

d. 3.0
 OSH Standards

(50) At what minimum distance from a 9-meter-deep excavation should a

vehicle or other machinery be driven, operated, or located (measured from
the edge of the excavation)?

a. 1.0 m

b. 2.0 m

c. 3.0 m

d. 4.5 m
 OSH Standards

(51) Open excavation of over 1 m.

deep shall be provided with what,
in case of flooding or collapse of the
excavation work.

a. Ingress and egress

b. Ventilation

c. Water supply

d. Drain
 OSH Standards

(52) How many ladders shall be

provided for a 60 – meter - length
excavation as means of access
and/or exit?
No. = L / 16.6
a. 1
No. = 60 / 16.6 = 3.6 ladders

b. 2 No. = 4 ladders

c. 3

d. 4
 OSH Standards

(53) The ladder provided as ingress/egress in an excavation shall extend at

least how many meters above the top of the excavation to provide a firm
handhold when stepping on or off the ladder?

a. 0.50 m

b. 0.75 m

c. 0.83 m

d. 1.00 m
 OSH Standards

(54) Timber/bamboo scaffoldings shall be limited to a height of how many

meters from the ground or base?

a. 10 m

b. 15 m

c. 20 m

d. 25 m
 OSH Standards

(55) What scaffolding materials shall be used at heights over 20 meters?

a. Structural timber

b. Advanced treated timber

c. Structural metal

d. Huge logs
 OSH Standards

(56) In the construction of timber scaffolds, the size of the standard shall not be
less than 8.9 cm. (3 in.) in diameter or its equivalent and when it is necessary to
extend a standard, the overlaps shall not be less than how many meters?

a. 0.50

b. 0.60

c. 0.75

d. 0.90
 OSH Standards

(57) In scaffolds platform for painters, decorators, and similar types of

workers, when the platform is not more than 2 m. (6 ft.) above the ground
floor, what is the minimum width of the plat form?

a. 30 cm

b. 45 cm

c. 50 cm

d. 60 cm
 OSH Standards

(58) For platforms used by men, tools, and materials that is more than two 2
m. (6 ft.) above the ground or floor, the minimum platform width is:

a. 1.0 m

b. 1.2 m

c. 1.5 m

d. 2.0 m
 OSH Standards

(59) Fall protection equipment shall be required when working at what

minimum height?

a. 2.0 m

b. 3.0 m

c. 5.0 m

d. 6.0 m
 OSH Standards

(60) At what height shall workers be required to use fall arrest equipment?

a. Over 10 m

b. Over 12 m

c. Over 15 m

d. Over 20 m
Additional Board Examination Questions

(61) Every scaffold shall be capable of supporting how many times the
maximum load to which it may be subjected without exceeding the allowable
stress?

a. Twice

b. Thrice

c. Four times

d. Five times
Additional Board Examination Questions

(62) In bamboo scaffolds, material and construction shall be sufficient to

carry at least how many times the imposed load?

a. Four times

b. Thrice

c. Twice

d. Once
Additional Board Examination Questions

(63) It is the daily meeting among workers and their respective supervisors for
the purpose of instruction, discussion, and proper briefing on the planned
work the assessment of past work the possibility or actual occurrence of
accidents at the site tips and suggestions on how to prevent possible accidents
and other related matters.

a. Safety and Health Meeting

b. Toolbox Meeting

c. Safety and Health Inspection

d. Safety and Health Audit

Additional Board Examination Questions

(64) This refers to any working surface above water or ground, temporary or
permanent floor platform scaffold construction or wherever workers are
exposed to the possibility of false hazardous to life or limb.

a. Guarded Surface

b. Unguarded Surface

c. Working Surface

d. Treatment Room
Additional Board Examination Questions

(65) This is a condition or practice that could reasonably be expected to cause

death or serious physical harm before abatement under normal enforcement
procedures can be accomplished.

a. Unsafe act

b. Unsafe condition

c. Hazard

d. Imminent danger
 NOVEMBER 2023 REFRESHER COURSE
REVIEW INNOVATIONS
November 14, 2023

Construction Occupational Safety and Health (COSH)

OSH Standards (Site Premises, Excavation, Scaffolding, HIRAC, etc.)
SET 2 - END

ESTRADA, Laurenze John G.

Part-time Instructor