X – STD

FIGURES OF SPEECH
RHYMING WORDS :
The words that have the rhyme and it can be
identified by end words of the given lines.
Let me but live my life from year to year,
With forward face and unreluctant soul;
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;
Not mourning for the things that disappear.
Year - disappear
Soul – goal
The summer of life she’s ready to see in spring.
She says, “Spring will come again , my dear.
Let me care for the ones who’re near.”
She’s The Woman – she has no fear!
Dear – near - fear
RHYMING SCHEME :
 It is the pattern of sounds that repeats at the end of
a line or stanza.
Let me but live my life from year to year,………a
With forward face and unreluctant soul;……….b
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;……b
Not mourning for the things that disappear…..a
Rhyming scheme – abba

The summer of life she’s ready to see in spring……a

She says, “Spring will come again , my dear…………b
Let me care for the ones who’re near.”……………….b
She’s The Woman – she has no fear!......................b
Rhyming scheme – abbb

ALLITERATION :
Repitition of two or more consonant sounds.
❖ Let me but live my life from year to year.
❖ Summer and winter alike they scold.
❖ When the weather was warm?
Let – live – life
Summer – scold
When – weather – warm
ASSONANCE :
Repitition of two or more vowel sounds.
❖ Some water,coal,and oil is all we ask.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALLITERATION AND ASSONANCE :
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds while
Alliteration is the repetition of consonants.
SIMILE :
Simile is a Direct comparison. Through some connective
words ‘like’, ‘as’ and ‘than’.
❖ Like ours: the land our brothers walk upon
❖ Is earth like this, in which we all shall lie.
❖ Remember they have eyes like ours that wake.
❖ Greater than the people of the Kings.
METAPHOR :
Metaphor is an Indirect comparison. Without using like ,
as , than.
❖ In the dim past, nor holding back in fear.
❖ New friendship, high adventure, and a crown.
❖ And hope the road’s last turn will be the best.
❖ And before he dreams of the terrible jumble.
❖ A symbol of power and strength.
❖ The summer of life she’s ready to see in spring.
 ❖ Persistence is the key to everything.
❖ She’s a lioness; don’t mess with her.
❖ She’ll not spare you if you’re a prankster.
❖ Some have four legs, and some have two.
❖ ……….harvests, by war’s long winter starv’d.
❖ Their hands are ours, and in their lines we read.
❖ Our hells of fire and dust outrage……..
❖ It is a very mysterious place.
❖ But at the same time it is bare to the bone.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIMILE AND METAPHOR :
Simile is a Direct comparison and Metaphor is a Indirect
comparison.
PERSONIFICATION :
When a thing or an idea is represented as a Human
beings.
❖ From what the future veils; but with a whole
❖ And happy heart, that pays its toll
❖ The Grumble family
❖ They live, it is said, on Complaining Street
❖ In the city of Never – Are – Satisfied,
❖ The River of Discontent beside.
 ❖ A silly young cricket, accustomed to sing.
❖ Away he set off to a miserly ant.
❖ He wished only to borrow;
❖ He’d repay it tomorrow;
❖ ……”I’m your servant and friend,
❖ But we ants never borrow; never lend.
❖ But tell me, dear cricket,
Did you lay anything by
❖ That I sang day and night,
❖ Go then, and dance the winter away”.
❖ We are not built to comprehend a lie.
❖ We can neither love nor pity nor forgive.
❖ We ( The secret of machines)
❖ …hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence.
❖ But at the sametime it is bare to the bone.
❖ Beside the house sits a tree.
❖ It sat alone.
REPETITION :
Repetition is a word or phrase repeated two or more
times.
❖They growl at that and they growl at this;
 ❖ She’s today’s woman. Today’s woman, dear.
❖ For all nature looked gay.”
• “For all nature looked gay”.
❖ Remember, no men are strange,no countries
foreign.
Remember they have eyes like ours that wake.
Remember, we who take arms against each other.
Poet repeats this word again and again to emphasize a
serious message.
ANAPHORA :
It is a special form of repetition of a word or phrase
at the beginning of clauses.
❖ Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;
Not mourning for the things that disappear.
❖ Not a flower could he see,
Not a leaf on a tree.
❖ We were taken from the ore- bed and the mine,
We were melted in the furnace and the pit.
❖ We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive,
We can print and plough and weave and heat.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANAPHORA AND REPETITION :
Anaphora is a repetition of words at the beginning of
clauses, while Repetition can occur anywhere.
RHETORICAL QUESTIONS :
It is a question someone asks without expecting an
answer. It is asked for a reason other than to get an
answer.
❖ How could this be?
❖ What happened inside that house?
❖ Why do these things always happen to me ?
IMAGERY :
Imagery is language used by poets, novelists and
other writers to create images in the mind of the reader.
❖We can see and hear and count and read and write!
HYPERBOLE :
It creates heightened effect through deliberate
exaggeration.
❖ And a thousandth of an inch to give us play.
❖ We are nothing more than the children of your brain!
❖ We will serve you four and twenty hours a day.
❖ And inside you can tell it has a ton of space.
EURHYTHMIC :
Figures that repeat words, move them around, or
make delightful noises.
We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive,
We can print and plough and weave and heat and light,
We can run and race and swim and fly and dive,
We can see and hear and count and read and write!
CONTRAST :
Contrast comes from the Latin word, “contra stare” ,
which means “Stand against”. It often means
“Opposites”.
❖ To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
❖ So, let the way wind up the hill or down,
❖ O’er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy:
❖ And whether their station be high or humble,
❖ The weather is always too hot or cold;
❖ Summer and winter alike they scold.
❖ Remember they have eyes…..that wake or sleep,
❖ Lights flicker on and off.
COUPLET :
It is a pair of consequtive rhythmic lines of poetry
that creates a complete thought or an idea.
❖ With forward face and unreluctant soul
❖ Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal.
CONNOTATION :
It is used to convey meaning or heighten effect often
by comparing with another word.
❖ Though our smoke may hide the Heavens from your eyes.
SYNECDOCHE :
It is a part of something is used to signify the whole
or vice-versa.
❖ The house is bare to the bone.
ONOMATOPOEIA :
It describes the source of a sound.
❖ Lights flickers on and off.
PARADOX :
It is a statement which appears to contradict itself.
❖ To bring peace we must war. Be cruel to be kind.
EPITHET :
An epithet is a word that describes something else.
Usually, this is an adjective describing a noun.
❖ The Grumble family.
❖ Down on that gloomy Complaining street.
❖ On the snow-covered ground.
TRANSFERRED EPITHET :
An epithet is transferred from the thing it actually
describes to something else in the sentence.
❖ They,too aware of sun and air and water,
❖ Are fed by peaceful harvests,by war’s long winter
starv’d.
They starv’d – is correct. But here starv’d is transferred beside ‘winter’

THANK YOU
PREPARED BY
S.VASANTHI
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL
PERIYAKANNALAPATTI
TIRUPATTUR DISTRICT.