A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD IN AKURE, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA,

ALONG THE ILESA-AKURE EXPRESS ROAD.

SUBMITTED TO:

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF URP305 (PLANNING STUDIO III)

WRITTEN BY:

BALOGUN IBRAHIM BOLUWATIFE

URP/19/2095

LECTURERS-IN-CHARGE

PROF. J.O. BASORUN

DR M.O. ALABI

DR O.B OWOLABI

TPL (MRS) M.C OLA-OMOLE

MR O. OLUFAYO

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................................3
1.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................3
1.1 PRINCIPLE OF NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT……………………………………………………4
1.2 AIM AND STUDY.............................................................................................................................5
1.3 APPROACH TO STUDY..................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................6
2.0 LITERATURE IN REVIEWS AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK……………………..…6
CHAPETER THREE……………………………………………………………………………………11
3.0 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE.....................................................................................................11
3.1 SITE LOCATION............................................................................................................................11
3.2 SPACE STANDARDS FOR NEIGHBOURHOOD FACILITES……………………………...19
3.3 EXISTING SITE ISSUES/CONSTRAINTS.................................................................................20
CHAPTER FOUR......................................................................................................................................21
4.0 DESIGN PROPOSAL.....................................................................................................................21
CHAPTER FIVE.......................................................................................................................................29
5.0 IMPLEMENTATION.....................................................................................................................30
5.1 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK...............................................................................................30
5.2 PHASING.........................................................................................................................................32
5.3 FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK……………………………………………………………………25
5.4 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW…………………………………………………………..25
CHAPTER SIX..........................................................................................................................................33
6.0 SUMMARY OF PROJECTS..........................................................................................................33
6.1 HIGH LEVEL COSTING...............................................................................................................34
6.2 FURTHER STUDIES......................................................................................................................34
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................................35

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Planning is significant in our culture. It helps us to utilize our resources to their fullest potential
and for required and valuable growth to proceed. Additionally, it makes sure that the ecology and
history of our towns, cities, and rural areas are safeguarded. By deciding on planning
applications, local authorities (sometimes referred to as "planning authorities") regulate the
location, volume, and kind of development. Everyone has the right to voice their opinions on
planning issues and to influence how their community is planned for and developed. An essential
component for human survival is the human environment. Communities' living conditions can be
divided into three categories: social, artificial, and natural environments.
Physical environments that are produced by humans for their needs and evolve through
time are referred to as artificial environments. On the other hand, social environments are
described as settings where people interact with one another. Artificial environments are
interactive settings that either permit or prohibit communication (Dicle & Süheyla, 2014). The
neighborhood is the smallest of the smaller units that make up the environment.

According to National Geographic, a neighborhood is a place where people live and

interact. Neighborhoods frequently have a distinct personality or "feel" based on the residents
and the surroundings. Residents' families, incomes, and levels of education may be comparable.
Neighborhoods may have cafes, book stores, and parks

Geographically speaking, neighborhoods can have hazy borders, making it challenging to

determine where one neighborhood begins and another ends. Although major routes frequently
serve as logical boundaries, most people describe a community by its traits.

Neighborhoods are typically associated with large cities, however they can also exist in
suburban or rural settings. Compared to urban areas, suburban suburbs typically contain larger
homes and more families. Residents of the same neighborhood tend to share similar social traits,
such as sense of public order, sense of education level, and housing preferences. This kind of
cooperation makes people feel more a part of the community and helps to keep cultural traditions
alive. Residents profit by having family close by, speaking the same language, and having access
to services and shops that cater to their requirements. Those are close to institutions important to
them, such as churches and clubs. Unlike neighborhoods, ghettos and barrios have historically
been areas where ethnic groups were forced to live.

In addition to being a unique piece of land, a neighborhood also has specific features that set it
apart from the nearby land uses. It might also be a geographical area of the city with identifiable
boundaries and a high internal value.
Securing shelter and appropriate housing that improves liveability is one of man's most
fundamental requirements in order to address issues of shared concern. A full neighborhood

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should have all of the amenities residents need to survive, including water, markets or retail
centers, schools, and others. There are three primary residential buildings in the area, and they
may be identified by the average household income. The low income earner is targeted by the
high density, and the medium is for the average income, while the low density is for the high
income earners.

1.1 PRINCIPLES OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT

The neighborhood unit was envisioned as a comprehensive physical planning tool to be

used for designing independent residential neighborhoods that encouraged a community-centered
lifestyle, away from the "noise of the trains, and out of sight of the smoke and ugliness of
industrial plants" emblematic of an industrializing New York City in the early 1900s. Following
are some of the physical design ideals that served as the foundation for Perry's Neighbourhood
Unit:

1. Position the school in the neighborhood so that children would only have to go no more
than a quarter of a mile to get there. The neighborhood should have 5,000–9,000 residents in
order to support a school adequately.

2. Build arterial streets around the periphery of the neighborhood to define and distinguish
its "place" and, by design, to cut off undesirable through traffic. Major arterials define the
neighborhood in this way rather than dividing it down the middle.

3. Using curved street design for both safety and aesthetic reasons, create internal streets
with a hierarchy that clearly separates small streets from main routes. By design, streets would
deter unnecessary through traffic and improve pedestrian safety.

4. Limit local shopping areas to the neighborhood's border or perhaps to its main entry,
thereby keeping out outside traffic that might enter the neighborhood on its way to these
commercial purposes.

5. Create areas for play and social interaction by allocating at least 10% of the
neighborhood's land area to parks and open space.

6. Refrain from bringing through traffic into the neighborhood unit to reduce accidents,
noise, and ugliness.

1.2 AIM OF STUDY AND OBJECTIVES OF PLANS

The aim of this study is to develop a neighbourhood design aimed at preparing an

environment of reasonable residential and facilities that will promote the livelihood of the
people. As a planner, the measures taken are targeted towards solving some problems and
achieving a suitable end which follows:

Objectives of Plans

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The goal of this study is to create a neighborhood design that will create a space with reasonable
housing and amenities that will support people's quality of life. As a planner, the actions are
intended to address certain issues and accomplish the following desirable end:

1) Create a neighborhood that is useful and benefits the community in all ways.

2) Provide traffic arterials and provide pedestrian connectivity.

3) To offer the residents of this area a variety of facilities and services that are primarily intended
to address their immediate needs.

4) Set a timetable of improvements with indicative costs in order of priority.

5. Check that the urban design recommendations include ambitious but doable initiatives and that
the suggested improvements are implemented gradually.

6) The backdrop and framework for the main priorities and enhancements determined through
public input as well as for upcoming advancements are discussed in the document.

7) Consult with local stakeholders as the concepts are being developed and after the prioritized
design solutions have been put out.

8) Create a welcoming setting to create an aesthetically pleasing environment.

9) To promote design strategies that support eco-friendly practices, the appreciation of art and
culture, and a vibrant, healthy community.

1.3 APPROACH TO STUDY

The strategy used was to guarantee that Quality of Life plans were developed along with a useful
Neighborhood plan. An all-encompassing approach to neighborhood design known as a "quality
life plan" makes use of neighborhood planning as the main tool for enhancing the quality of life
for local residents. This crucial strategy intended to coordinate with stakeholders to create a
responsive design that satisfies the primary goals and objectives specified in the brief. to more
effectively include urban neighborhood design into the approval process for development.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE IN REVIEWS AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Different schools of thought have different methods for determining neighborhood. The
instrumental approach is one of the definition approaches.

The instrumental approach sees the neighborhood as a planning tool and a crucial
component in the creation of the urban fabric. As a result, it views the neighborhood as a
component of a wider assemblage. The neighbourhood is emphasized as a distinctive urban
phenomenon in the phenomenological approach. A high quality of life is facilitated by
sustainable neighborhoods that cater to the many demands of present and future residents while
also being environmentally conscious.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Concept is defined as something that is conceived or thought of in order to arrive at a

specific goal. A specific concept must be applied throughout the design process. The idea behind
a ceiling fan rotating in a clockwise direction and in a circular pattern was used to create a very
aesthetic design that is also quite functional in the immediate surroundings of my proposed
neighborhood layout.
The fan blades, the center spinning hob, and the down rods are the two main components
of a standard ceiling fan.

Precision weighing and matching of the fan blades is done in sets to ensure balance. As a
result, it is impossible to repair just one blade to ensure smooth performance. Every time you
change a set of blades, do so in pairs. 12 and 20 degrees are the only good grade fans on the
pitch. The pitch is lower for less expensive fans. Greater air movement is made possible by the
higher pitch. More movement and noise will be audible as the fan's speed is increased at a pitch
higher than 12 degrees. Air swirling around the blade can make noise if the blade pitch is too
low, which can be caused by an excessive motor speed. For optimum performance, the motor
size, pitch, and speed of the blades are balanced. The airflow of a fan is achieved by maximizing
the four following variables: motor speed, blade sweep or diameter, blade surface area, and blade
pitch.
Greater airflow cannot be achieved by merely raising motor speed. The fan blades in this
illustration stand in for the many distributor roads that pick up traffic from the main existing
route and feed it to additional smaller access roads. The residential densities that are created by
the spaces between the blades come from the neighborhood center and are arranged in a
concentric circle, going from high density to medium density to low density. It is attached to the
central revolving hub, which stands in for the neighborhood center.

The connections between these components indicate the neighborhood walkways and local
roadways, which connect all other areas of the neighborhood. In 1925, the Burgess concentric
model—which was created to depict the precise trajectory of Chicago's physical development—
was combined with the idea of a ceiling fan. The concept claims that the city, as a complex

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entity, frequently displays a concentric pattern of expansion with six prominent zones, each with
its own unique structure of development. Additionally, he thinks that forces from the inner
hemisphere are to blame for the variations in the types of development and their intensity in
these zones.

2.11 MODEL ADOPTED: The sector model is the one that was used in the planning of this
neighborhood. Hoyt formulated this model. He thinks there is a direct link between housing
situation and rent. Hoyt showed how residential land uses frequently follow a sectorial pattern
that radiates from the city center along the transportation corridors. He based his claim to be true
on the following:

1. The sectorial arrangement of the highest rental sectors extends continually outward from the
city center.

2. The extension of high-rent regions typically happens along radial lines or transportation
corridors from the city's edge.

3. Middle-priced rental regions sometimes encircle or surround the most expensive rental areas.

4. The residential neighborhoods with high and cheap rents are typically separated by middle-
range rental regions.

2.12 PREFFERED LAND USE CONCEPT

This residential neighborhood's primary architectural idea is the CELLING FAN. The various
parts of this ceiling fan's blades each stand for a specific interest in the planned neighborhood.
The representation is described as follows:

TABLE 1

DIFFERENT PARTS AND THEIR MEANINGS

PARTS FUNTIONS / REPRESENTATION

Space Between The Blades The sub-neighbourhood centre
Fan Blade The collectors into the neighbourhood
The Rotor The Neighbourhood Centre

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Fig2.0: A design showing conceptual map

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 2.2 OTHER EXAMPLE OF MODEL THAT CAN BE USED IN
NEIGHBOURHOOD DESIGN

It is crucial to have a grasp on other ideas that might be used in neighborhood planning.
This aids in identifying separate projects with unique planning methodologies, or conversely, the
same job with various methodologies. The different ideas include:

Burgess’s ‘Concentric Zone Model’ (1925)

In order to explain how various individuals came to live within particular locations,
sociologist Ernest Burgess developed the entire theory in 1925 proposing a descriptive urban
land use model that divided cities into concentric circles expanding from downtown to the
suburbs. A large city is divided into six concentric zones using this monocentric model:

Fig 2.1: Image showing the Burgess Urban Land Use Model 1925
Image Source: transportgeography.org

Zone I: The most accessible area is the Central Business District (also known as the "loop" in
Chicago), which is home to the majority of tertiary jobs and where the urban transportation
system converges.

Zone II: Immediately surrounding the CBD is a region where many industrial businesses operate
to take advantage of the markets and manpower nearby.

Zone III: Expansion of manufacturing and industrial activity is gradually converting this area to
various uses.

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Zone IV: The working class and those who might relocate from the preceding zone (typically
second-generation immigrants) make up Zone IV, which is a residential area.

Zone V: Is associated with higher-quality residences and more expensive commutes.

Zone VI: The most expensive zone for commuting, with mainly high-class and luxury housing
in rural suburbanized settings.

3.2 Hoyt’s ‘Sector Model’ (1939)

Hoyt’s model follows on from Burgess’s model in that the CBD remains in the centre of
the city because it is the easiest place to access and therefore there are more potential customers
for commercial businesses, and the sectors are clearly visible in rings radiating out from the
centre.

2.2: Image showing Hoyt’s Sector Land Use Model 1939

Image Source: PlanningTank.com

There are significant differences, though. The manufacturing district is located along
transportation corridors that connect the city center to other cities, particularly railways but also
roads, rivers, and canals. The high class residential area is located the farthest away from the
poor class residential area. As wealthier people have private cars they utilize to get to their work
in the CBD, the high class residences may also follow transportation lines, especially motorways.

CHAPTER THREE
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3.0 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE

3.1 SITE LOCATION

The site is situated in Nigeria's Ondo State's Akure South Local Government Area.
Akure. The location of the site is on the outskirts of Olokuta, a town in the Ondo area. As the
crow flies, Olokuta and Akure, the capital of Ondo, are separated by about 21 kilometers (13
miles). As the crow flies, Olokuta and Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, are separated by around 320
kilometers (199 miles). on longitudes 5° 20' 11" E 40" E and 5° 15' 13" E and latitudes 7° 7' 20"
N (PGD 1 (2018 Session), 2019). The location is in Akure along the Ondo-Owena route. The
entire location is located within a savannah. Ondo State is situated between Latitudes 50 and 80
North and Longitudes 40 and 60 East of the Greenwich Meridian.

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Fig 3.0 A design showing location of the Site, Ondo State
Image Source: Researchgate

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Fig 3.0 Map of Nigeria showing Ondo State
Image Source: Researchgate

Fig 3.1 Map of Ondo State showing Akure South Local Government
Image Source: Researchgate

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Fig 3.2: A design Showing Boundary Map

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POINT NORTHING
COORDINATES EASTHING
A 713402 503457
B 713549 504517
C 713065 504594
D 712834 504487
E 712426 504144
F 712342 503654
G 712742 503399

TOTAL HECTARES OF LAND = 108.03

AREA OF THE LAND (COMBIMED) = 1080300

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Fig3.3: A Design Showing Contour Map

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3.1.1 VEGETATION

The area's vegetation is a tropical savanna, which is often a sizable flat area covered in a
lot of grass—at least 50% of it, to be exact—and very few trees. This biome has two different
seasons—summer and winter—with a rainy, wet season in the summer and a dry season in the
winter. The savanna's other distinguishing characteristic is its generally steady temperature
throughout the year.

Despite the high annual average rainfall in this area, water is the key factor limiting plant and
animal life. This is a result of the severe droughts they must endure during the dry season, during
which marshes and rivers can quickly dry up and many plants perish or lay dormant in
anticipation of better weather. When it rains during the wet season, water bodies are replenished,
and big regions are actually inundated, which is a nice change for both plants and animals that
have been stressed out by the drought.

3.1.2 TOPOGRAPHY

From the Atlantic Ocean's coasts to the enormous highlands of the Akokos in the north,
the ground climbs gradually. These mountains, which are a portion of the well-known Yoruba
highlands in western Nigeria, serve as a significant watershed from which the majority of the
significant rivers that drain the state of Ondo originate. The most well-known of the rivers is the
River Owena, which provides water for domestic use to one-third of the states' population. The
use of this river in numerous government institutions and businesses, such as the Owena resort
and Owena mass transit system, demonstrates its significance.
The town's population was 38,853 according to the census results from 1952, but by the time of
the 1963 census, it had increased by an astounding 71, 105. The latest national in 2006 but the
figure at 500,000 people (Information bulletin Ondo state, Dec 2006).

3.1.3 SOIL

The soils of tropical savannas are frequently deficient, low in nutrients, and, depending
on the season, either dry out completely or become soggy. The topsoil is depleted of nutrients
during the rainy season, which makes it more difficult for plants to access the minerals in the
soil. The deeper soil does manage to hold onto some water throughout the dry season, but there
is not much water in the topsoil, and the dry, dead vegetation frequently starts fires. The nutrients
from these fires are first released into the soil, but part of them are also burned away in the form
of smoke, and the ashes are easily carried away by the wind.
Because of the lack of nutrients, nitrogen-fixing organisms like blue-green algae and
certain bacteria are extremely crucial. The ability of nitrogen-fixing organisms to convert
atmospheric nitrogen, which is unavailable to most plants, into useable nitrogen in the form of
nitrates in the soil. Many of these nitrogen-fixing microorganisms coexist with plants in
mutualistic symbiotic relationships, whereby they aid in the plant's acquisition of additional
nitrogen and the plant provides them with carbon, varied portions of the savanna have varied soil
types, including stony lithosols, areas of practically pure sand, and ultisols with significant iron
content.

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3.2 SPACE STANDARDS FOR NEIGHBOURHOOD FACILITIES

SPACE STANDARDS FOR NEIGHBOURHOOD FACILITIES AND SERVICES

TABLE 2

S/no Neighbourhood facilities & Services Site area (Hec) Maximum

Service Radius
(Meters)
1 Nursery School 0.8-1.6 400
2 Nursery – Primary School 1.6-3.2 400-800
3 Neighbourhood Park 0.8-2.4 400-800
4 Civic Centre 0.8.1.6 800
5 Shopping Centre or Market 1.6-4.0 800
6 Retail Shops 0.05-0.1 100-500
7 Neighbourhood Playground 1.6-2.4 400-800
8 Children’s playground 0.2-2.5 100-150
9 Health Centre 0.4-0.6 800
10 Place(s) of worship 0.3-0.4 800
11 Postal Agency 0.1-0.2 800
12 Police Post 0.2-0.4 800
13 Commercial Bank 0.3-0.4 800
14 Petrol Filling Station 0.3-0.4 800
15 Refuse Depot 0.2-0.4 400-800
16 Service Industries 2.0-3.0 1,600
17 Cemetery 1.0-1.5 1,600
Source: Obateru O.I (2003)

The aforementioned table lists the required locations and sizes for certain neighborhood facilities
and services in a planned environment.

TABLE 3: EXAMPLE LAND – USE ZONING PLANNING STANDARD

Land use Percentage

Residential 50-60
Commercial 3-4
Open space 10-12
Public/semi public 15-20
Industrial 3-4
Educational 4-5
Transportation 15-20

Source: Basic element of urban and regional planning by Joseph o Basorun

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To meet the three goals of convenience, aesthetics, and security of any functioning
neighborhood, Keeble, the above table 2 is a clear planning conception at which land use
allocation must evolve.

Fig3.3: A map showing facilities in the residential neighbourhood

3.3 EXISTING SITE ISSUES / CONSTRAINTS

Circulation

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In order to increase resident safety, the neighborhood needs to be improved. Some of these
upgrades include better gateway access, transportation infrastructure, and the installation of
appropriate street lighting in the parking lot and along pedestrian walkways. The planned site can
feel unsafe at night due to a lack of illumination and transportation choices, problems with the
arrival point and readability of pedestrian pathways, and other factors.

CHAPTER FOUR

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4.0 DESIGN PROPOSAL

LAND USE

There are six main land uses: the residential land use, the commercial land use, the
industrial land use, the open space land use, and the circulation land use.

4.1 THE NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE

The neighborhood's main hub is located here. It gives the neighborhood a distinct
character and offers the best sociocultural amenities, including theaters, libraries, police stations,
post offices, marketplaces, banks, and civic centers, as well as movie theaters, parks, and other
public areas. Of the overall land area, the neighborhood center takes up around 10.13 hectares.

4.2 THE SUB-NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE

By providing additional amenities like stores, clinics, places of worship, etc., the sub-
neighbourhood essentially serves to enhance the significance of the neighborhood center. Most
sub-neighborhood centers start operating when the neighborhood center closes for the day to
provide their services. This residential area contains three sub-neighbourhood centers.

4.3 OPEN SPACES

The open spaces are earmarked for the following purposes, they includes recreational area,
setbacks, agricultural areas, playing grounds etc.

4.3.1 SETBACKS: A setback in land use is the distance a building or other structure is put back
from a street or road, a river or other stream, a beach or flood plain, or any other site that needs
protection. Other elements including fences, landscaping, septic tanks, and different potential
hazards or annoyances may be subject to regulation depending on the jurisdiction. Municipal
ordinances or zoning regulations typically specify setbacks. Federal, state, or provincial
legislation may also specify setbacks along state, provincial, or federal highways. Nearby major
roads, rivers, etc. are roughly 30 meters away from the setback.
4.3.2 RECREATIONAL AREA: An activity of leisure is recreation, where leisure is defined as
free time. Human biology and psychology both depend on the "need to do something for
recreation." Recreational pursuits are frequently undertaken for amusement or pleasure and are
regarded as "fun". The idea behind the word "recreation" is that it is something you do to unwind
and rejuvenate yourself. The recreation area need to be the location for this activity.

4.3.3 AGRICULTURAL AREAS: Land designated as agricultural refers to land that can be
used to raise both cattle and crops for food. It is a significant agricultural resource. Near the
water streams and on the fringes of the community are areas of agricultural land.

4.3.4 PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC LAND USES

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 A total of 6.72 ha, or 6.73% of the land area, was taken up by public amenities. A social
area that is typically open and accessible is referred to as public space. Commons are among the
first types of public areas. The neighborhood park, library, post office, and garbage collection
station are a few examples of public amenities.

4.3.5 COMMERCIAL LAND USE: With around 3.32 hectares of the total land area, it
occupies 3.33% of the area of the neighborhood that is used for development. Shopping,
marketing, banking, and other commercial pursuits are all conducted in the neighborhood. In the
neighborhood centers and sub-neighborhood centers, there are commercial activities taking
place.

4.3.6 INDUSTRIAL LAND USE

The "soft" components of the economy, or activities where individuals volunteer their
time and skills to increase productivity, performance, potential, and sustainability, make up the
service sector. The creation of services rather than finished goods is the fundamental feature of
this industry. Services (sometimes referred to as "intangible goods") include consideration,
counsel, knowledge, and conversation. Although it used to be thought of as a service, the
creation of information is now attributed by some economists to a fourth sector called the
quaternary sector.

4.3.7 CIRCULATION: The portion of land use known as circulation is thought of as links
between the various portions of the land use. The principal road, collector roads, access roads,
and walkways are all involved.

i.) The major road has a width of 24m.

ii.) The collectors road has a of width 18m.
iii.) Access roads has a width of 12m
iv.) Walkways has a width of 3m

TABLE 4: SHOWING THE WIDTH AND AREA OF CIRCULATION

ROAD WIDTH(M) AREA(HEC) % OF USE

MAJOR 24
COLLECTOR 18 5.29 24.19
ACCESS 12 15.41 70.46
WALKWAY 3 1.17 5.35
TOTAL 57 21.87 100

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Fig4.0: A map showing circulation in the residential neighbourhood

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4.3.8 RESIDENTIAL LAND USE

The Neighbourhood Plan identifies a range of housing alternatives and residential densities
that will support and foster a sense of community among its residents while providing access
to a variety of amenities. There are roughly 5919 people who can live there.

TABLE 5: SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PLOTS AND BLOCK

DENSITY NO OF NO OF PLOTS AREA USED % USED

BLOCKS
LOW 6 69 8.14 13.80

MEDIUM 14 205 21.96 37.24

HIGH 22 400 28.87 48.96

TOTAL 42 674 50.83 100

Within the Residential categorization, three (3) different forms of residential housing are
allowed:

1. High residential Density: This is a housing pattern area designated for low-income
individuals. The site measures 18 m by 36 m. It has a total area of roughly 28.87 hectares. It has
room for as many as 3200 people. It has 22 blocks and 400 plots of land.

2. Medium Residential Density: The medium class is allotted to this portion of the
dwelling pattern. It measures 24 by 36 meters. It has a total area of 21.96 hectares. It has room
for 1230 people in total. It has 14 blocks and 205 plots of land.

3. Low Residential Density: This is a section of the housing plan designated for people
with high incomes. It measures 30 by 36 meters. It has a total area of 14.3 hectares. It has enough
for 276 persons in total. It has 6 blocks and 69 plots of land.

4.3.9 ELECTRICITY

There are 674 plots of land in total on the design plan for the neighborhood. Therefore, it
is predicted that a 500kva transformer may provide power to 180–230 homes altogether.
1500kva is the projected total number of kva transformers required for this proposal.
Total Housing Unit for High Density = 400 plots of land
Total Housing Unit for Medium Density = 205 plots of land
Total Housing Unit for Low Density = 69 plots of land

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Fig4.1: A map showing electricity distribution in the residential neighbourhood

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BOREHOLE

Three reservoir tanks were suggested on the water infrastructure map to ensure enough
water distribution to each dwelling unit, and a total of 73 boreholes were suggested to supply
each housing unit for all densities. In contrast to high density places, this may be maintained and
well managed in low density areas.

Fig4.2: A design showing water infrastructure in the residential neighbourhood

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SUMMARY OF LAND USE

The residential land use, which comprises dwellings such as bungalows, single-detached
homes, townhouses, etc., makes up the majority of the land use in the neighborhood. Public
land use comprises nursery and primary schools, civic centers, fire stations, waterworks, and
open spaces such agricultural land areas and setbacks. Commercial land use includes banks,
market areas, retail shops, recreational land-refreshment centers, riverbank, etc.

TABLES 6: SHOWING LAND USE ANALYSIS FOR THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

DESIGN

LAND USE ANALYSIS

LAND USE AREA USED (HA) % OF LAND AREA
RESIDENTIAL 58.97 59.01
COMMERCIAL 3.32 3.33
PUBLIC 6.72 6.73
INDUSTRIAL 1.14 1.14
CIRCULATION 23.87 23.91
OPEN SPACE 5.81 5.81
TOTAL 99.83 100.00

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Fig3.4: A design showing land use map

28
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 IMPLEMENTATION

The general and particular development conditions should be satisfied to the satisfaction
of the residential neighborhood before development can begin inside the Neighbourhood Plan
area. The following, but not limited to: Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure; Ministry of
Environment; etc., will be required when relevant external agency assessment and input.

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PREREQUISITES

The following tasks/studies must be carried out to guarantee orderly growth within the
Neighbourhood Plan area:

1.0 Adherence of Zoning Regulation to Neighborhood Plan Policies

2.0 Study on Community Servicing (Potable Water and Sanitary)

3.0 A study of transportation in the entire community, including road cross sections

4.0 Recovery of Development Finance

5.0 Flood Construction Level

6.0 Guidelines for Sustainability

5.1 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK.

Parliament: Housing-related political accountability in Parliament needs to be made more

obvious. It would represent a proper political priority and improve political effectiveness on
housing issues if there was a clear focus on the most important housing policy concerns within a
single parliamentary committee. A similar improvement should be made to ministerial oversight
of housing. One obstacle to the institutional reform of Lithuanian housing is the Housing Policy
Division's constrained institutional capability, which is part of the Ministry of the Environment.
Greater political authority should be granted to Lithuania's new regional administration so that it
may play a crucial part in coordinating housing and other municipal activities throughout all of
the country's regions. For coordination and advise on local housing programs, the current
regional administration needs to be given a defined mandate.

The private sector: is an essential component of the design system for residential
neighborhoods. They speak for the needs of both housing makers and customers. A significant
obstacle to the further development of residential neighborhood housing is the grouping of
private owners in multi-flat housing. Homeowners' associations must be institutionalized, which
urgently calls for national and local action. associations for owners and tenants

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5.2 PHASING

Prioritizing the implementation stage of the desired residential neighborhood design before
development is known as phasing. Each of the three phases, which are spread out over five years,
must be completed.

Phase I, the first subneighborhood, will consist of 13 residential blocks in total. It will take the
first two years to develop some amenities like the neighborhood store, nursery, and primary
school.

Phase II is the second sub-neighborhood, and it consists of a total of 15 residential buildings.

The neighborhood center also houses a police station, a bank, water facilities, and a health
center. It is anticipated to be finished in another 12 months.

Phase III In the final two years of the development, PHASE III, the third sub-neighbourhood,
which has 20 residential blocks overall and some other amenities in the center such a
neighborhood park and library, is anticipated to be finished.

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Fig5.0: A design showing phasing map

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5.3 FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK

The methods that must be put in place to support the successful implementation of the
establishment of the residential neighborhood are included in the financial frameworks. Among
the several ways are:

1. Commercial lending should take over as the primary method of raising money for the
construction of residential neighborhoods.
2. New fund-raising tools should receive special attention. It is appropriate to take into account
the feasibility of creating housing-related securities such as housing certificates and government-
sponsored saving initiatives.

3. To attract institutional investors in housing, such as private insurance companies, pension

funds, investment firms, and credit unions, the government should make use of the restricted
budget investments. It is required to develop a diversity of investment vehicles and to create
more tax advantages in order to accomplish that goal.

4. The government needs to concentrate on increasing the volume of commercial mortgage

financing and the range of mortgage instruments. Consider the following improvements to the
mortgage market:

5. Direct government support for mortgage interest rates should be significantly or entirely
reduced, together with recently implemented State mortgage insurance arrangements.

6. The potential for utilizing "cash-poor, equity-rich" situations should be investigated in order to
boost the affordability of mortgage products. The credit risk can be underwritten using existing
equity (like old apartments), and new mortgage products like "bridge loans" for the renovation of
existing homes can also be introduced.

5.4 PLAN MONITORING AND REVIEW

The neighbourhood plan must be properly monitored and reviewed by the appropriate planning
bodies at the regional, municipal, and international levels because planning is dynamic.

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 CHAPTER SIX

6.0 SUMMARY OF PROJECT

This technical report has identified a number of urban design projects. Further project
development is required to refine project briefs and costing, identify potential funding and assess
the viability of individual schemes.

6.1 HIGH LEVEL COSTING

Indicative budget guidelines have been provided for each of the separate projects. Further input
from a quantity surveyor is recommended to develop cost estimates should any of the schemes
be pursued.

6.2 FURTHER STUDIES

A number of further studies would be recommended to test the viability and provide more
in-depth design guidance to support potential projects as they come forward. Further studies may
comprise.

Design Code - Design principles based upon these proposals to support high quality
development. A design code for the neighbourhood is essentially a set of guidelines and
principles that dictate how the park should be designed and constructed. It includes a range of
specifications and standards covering various aspects of the park's design, such as the layout, the
types of materials to be used, the color scheme, and the size and positioning of various features.

The design code is typically developed to ensure that the park is aesthetically pleasing,
functional, and sustainable. It also helps to ensure that the park is consistent in its design and that
the various elements work together cohesively to create a unified whole. The code may be
developed by a team of architects, landscape designers, and other professionals, and may be
based on a range of factors, such as the park's location, climate, and purpose. The code is
typically used as a reference document throughout the design and construction process to ensure
that the park is developed in accordance with the specified standards and guidelines.

• Development Appraisal - Financial appraisal to test viability of proposals. Consider wider

development options, sustainability and lifecycle appraisal.

A Development Appraisal for the neighbourhood plan design is a process of assessing the
feasibility and potential of a development project. It involves an evaluation of various aspects of
the project, including its financial viability, economic impact, social benefits, environmental
impact, and feasibility. The Development Appraisal typically involves conducting a thorough
analysis of the study area.. The appraisal also includes a detailed financial analysis of the project,
which takes into account the projected costs, revenues, and profits of the development. This is
important to ensure that the project is financially viable and can generate a positive return on
investment.

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 Another important aspect of the Development Appraisal is the assessment of the social
and environmental impact of the project. This involves evaluating the potential effects of the
development on the local community, such as employment opportunities, and improved public
spaces. It also involves assessing the potential impact of the project on the environment, such as
the conservation, and the reduction of carbon emissions. Overall, the Development Appraisal is a
crucial step in the planning and development of a neighbourhood design plan. It provides a
comprehensive assessment of the feasibility and potential of the project, and helps to identify key
opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure the success of the
project.

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REFRENCES

- Basorun J.O. (2003): “Basic elements of Urban and Regional planning”. Shalom
publishers. Akure, Nigeria.

- Obateru O.F (2003) Land subdivision basics; Penthouse publications: Ibadan

- Architectural Urbanism

- Retrieved from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/vegetation-region/.

Accessed on 27/07/2023

- Retrieved from https://www.bosworthvision.org.uk/the-neighbourhood-plan/vision-and-

aims/. Accessed on 27/07/2023

- Adedeji Daramola & Eziyi O. Ibem (2010) “Urban environmental problems in Nigeria:
implications for Sustainable Development. Journals of sustainable Development in
Africa.

- Retrieved from https//www.TownandCountryPlanningInfo.com/. Accessed on

27/07/2023
- Retrieved from https//www.Theconstructor.org/. Accessed on 27/07/2023

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