94 Sitophlus oryzae — Rice Wee: [Stored Gr: Pest] Collection : Rice weevil should be handpicked and kept in 70% ethanol directly from infested flour or rice stores, + Rice Weevil can be best preserved in 70% ethanol. + The weevil can be glued (using DPX) toasmall white card-board to stretch its legs and rostrum, then altogether put in small glass vial containing ethanol. +A location and identification tag should be attached with the specimen vial. A, Identifying Characters : 1. This is a small (2-3 mm) reddish brown to black coloured weevil. 2. They have four light yellow spots on the elytra 3. The snout is long (1 mm), almost 1/3 of the total length. 4, The head with snout is as long as the elytra (hardened forewing). 5. The prothorax (the part behind the head) with numerous tiny pits, 6. The elytra have rows of pits within longitudinal grooves B. Life Cycle : Life cycle completes in 28 days. Egg : Rice weevil lays its eggs by making a tiny whole in the rice grains, Female rice weevil lays about 4 eggv/day. During its life span of 5 months, it lays a total of about 250-400 eggs. The eggs hatch in 3 days. Larva: They feed inside the rice grain for 18 days. The larva isthe only stage during which the insect ‘grows. Inside the seed, its cuticle hardens and matures. It consumes several times its own weight and periodically moults to increase in size. A full-grown larva is about 5 mm in length. Pupa : The dirty white pupa stage lasts for 6 days and gradually becomes dark brown. At the end of the larval stage they become covered with a covering called Puparium, the larva stops feeding, hen the pupal stage starts, The pupa goes through great changes both internally and externally. Finally, the insect emerges outas a developed adult ‘Adult : Adults are between 0.1 and 1.7 em long. They have three pairs of legs and their bodies are divided into head, thorax and abdomen. Adults move and penetrate deeply into bulk of grains and get widely distributed. C. Nature of Damage : + Both adult and larva cause damage to the rice grains, «They make grains hollow from inside and unsuitable for consumption. + It’sa stored grain pest, ie. the damage is severe in stores. + Apart from rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, barley is also affected, especially in monsoon + These insects are also known to cause damage to cotton seeds, linseed and cocoa. D. Control: « These beetles are unable to breed if humidity condition is less than 9%; i., infestation can be prevented by keeping the store dry and lowering the humidity by using dehumidifier during monsoon, «Incase of stores already infested by weevils, fumigation with methyl bromide, ethylene bromide, ethylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride etc. can be useful to get rid of the pests108 Anomis sabulifera ~ Semi-looper of Jute Collection : The semi-looper larvae (caterpillars) can be handpicked and kept in 70% ethanol directly; and the adult moths are to be collected by light trap. Preservation : + Soft bodied larvae can be wet-preserved in 70% ethanol. + Adult moths can be dry preserved after setting and pinning in insect boxes. +A location and identification tag should be attached with the specimen, A. Identifying Characters (Adult) : 1. Atypical moth with yellowish wings with black spots, with a wingspan of about 32-38 mm, 2, Antemedial line of forewings bent outwards between vein | and inner margin, 3, The postmedial line incurved beyond the cell. It has diffused black on the antemedial line of forewings and between postmedial and sub-marginal lines. 4, Asmall orbicular spot usually present and two specks conjoined intoa reniform spot. 5. Femalesare largerthan males. 6. Completely noctumal in behaviour. 7. The antennae of the male are ciliated, Identifying Characters (Larva) : 1. Green coloured semi-looper larva easily hides over the green leaves of the jute plant. 2, Head slightly yellowish in colour. 3. Five pairs of sucker feet present, but not well developed. 4, Forms anarchlike loop while moving. 5. There are small warts on the dorsal side, and yellowish line at side. 6, Each segment bears short hair on small white ringed black papillae. 7. The full-grown larva is 4.em in length B. Life Cycl The moth passes winter in soil as pupa, a phenomenon called diapause. They become active during, May — June, ie. the time for Jute crop cultivation. Egg: The females lay eggs singly on the underside ofthe young leaves. Small, transparent eges appear like water droplets, There can be several eggs under one leat. A female can lay up to 150 eggs ina month. Egg stage lasts for two days, after which a small green caterpillar comes out. Larva : The small green larva feeds voraciously on the young leaves and moves by forming a semi- loop as its fifth pair of sucker legs are not well developed, Larva can attend its maximum size in 17-18 . AACS wrae Goica Ie CRIMt-oaH A ce CTA Faw o2-or FARIA | 8 ARTA rat Getta er raat Pe ree Fora eA oe weeg eRe Fic AraC ce PR eI 9. cant Fier ate cowtaa fice atetcar | . ATALAA SPAT Sorc AAA A CA CRIM CRIM MIS TATE CATS CRAG Drake erefa cele aICe, cy 7 HI Te arr att fowls engfos ca Tel ara | @. Baa arr ace Sea Grea aw meres eye Frets | 9. FFT La COTA CARTS | SUFI Akay G FA 8.112 Leucinodes orbonalis ~ Catter pillar Pest of Brinjal Collection : The larvae (caterpillars) can be collected from infested eggplant fruit and kept in 70% ethanol directly; and the adult moths can be collected by light trap. Preservatio + Soft bodied larvae can be wet-preserved in 70% ethanol + Adult moths can be dry preserved after setting and pinning in insect boxes. *A location and identification tag should be attached with the specimen A. Identifying Characters (Adult) : 1. Iisa white coloured moth 2, Dorsum of thorax and abdomen has pale brown or black spots. 3. The wings are white with a pinkish or bluish tinge and are with small hair along the apical and ana margins. 4, There are black, pale and light brown markings on forewings. 5. The adult moth wing-span measures about 20-22 mm. B. Life Cycle : ‘The moth appears during March and April. Eggs : The female lays elongated eggs singly or in batches of 2-4, generally scattered on leaf surface Each female can lay 150 eggs init lifetime. Eggs hatch in about 3-6 days. Larva:: Immediately after hatching the tiny creamy white larva enters the brinjal tissue by making small hole on the surface. Larva matures through 5 instars in 9-28 days to a full grown pinkish violet larva. The full-grown larva leaves the fruit to pupate in comparatively dry area. Pupa : The cocoon is tough and silken, generally remain attached with dry fallen leaves. The pupal period may vary from 6 to 17 days. Adult: Lifecycle completes in 20-40 days. Adult survive only for few days. C. Nature of Damage : The damage is done by the caterpillars. The tiny larvae enter the fruit by piercing a tiny whole, which is not easily noticeable, It harbours within it and destroys the whole internal tissue. A healthy ooking brinjal from outside actually may have several larvae inside. When the larvae enter the young shoot or leaf petioles, the infested portion wilts and droops. D. Control: Prevention + Uprooting and burning of old brinjal plants, to get rid ofthe borers from the previous season, Chemical Control «Chemical measure can only be taken during the early infestation stage when the larvae are restricted to the shoot and could not enter the fruit. + Insecticides can be used only to prevent further infestation, notto fruit Biological control ‘Some parasitoids are associated with this larva such as Pristomerus sp., Cremastus sp. etc. that the larvae already present in the can be natural control for the pest."7. —en 2. opracHs Urata RBA ett Ro AFR oa lew AMAT CAND, icy etre 99 FAT 3, fea Raters, amt corcer weyers arqer acefa aay etre 3 FAH AI, otters Frcba Frce 5 Fete Kies fea ace! 4, fe sec GEMS aces Ae, Ce UHC ATM Aca A IA AEH BeroIca seco ex Huy aew Ware | attaoe ory 1. Pyrilla perpusilla Aiea SNe soa CA Cotte RRaitcs HAS, Af errs ottceA ae CoP | 2, SY NR Bt GB hopper YU, CHA, St THEI, SA, Fae, CWA, SAI, CHAM, IH *PICRTOS CH A 3. ofRw hopper Al MAMAS AF, SAM GGT ACA, IH PACHA CHS ACH HY PHL CPUS eta BEA AK HI TAA AC SATA HEAT CI HANG CleUTAT GUHA HA CHSRT 2A LAK CICA! Citdz WHIT AIR, FR HAT GICW sip WHET Bevis ASAT Axe TASCA CP GAMAGIA FAC, CFS Hei GNA ER coHPba AReyigh HOT VA C. Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker, 1851) [Sugarcane plant hopper] Identifying features 1. Adults soft bodied and yellowish brown colour, with a pointed snout and piercing and sucking mouthparts 2. Males with a wing-span of about 20 mm and females slightly smaller, averaging about 17 mm 3. The eggs ovoid, white to yellowish-green and about 2mm long and laid on the lower surface of the leaf, near the midrib 4. The nymphs initially greenish, later turn pale brownish and each instar with a pair of long anal fila- ments Economic importance 1. Pyrilla perpusilla, commonly known as the sugarcane Planthopper, is a major pest of sugarcane 2. Besides sugarcane, this hopper has been found feeding on maize, sorghum, pearl millet, barley, bitter melon, okra, watermelon, squash, rice etc. 3. The adults are gregarious, active fliers, migrating from one crop to another and breed throughout the year. Multiplication of the pest is favoured by high humidity and luxuriant plant growth asin heavily ‘manured and irrigated field or in rainy season.art ee ee een ONT NET Bre 3. Fog ate a, Rat sero wa THT 9 WH eH, oR BCA Cre ees, i, Fe Ee 7m HF A cerfice er ARR ec an Bl aCe ren wet he 5. ANSI RepH-FM ACEH, oH arraite | 6. FASot sty ata, CHOTHR TCS FAB ott watt o>Htey eT) Udtafes omy Callosobruchus chinensis *ea*N6 adzuki bean weevil, GIG beetle, Chinese bruchid, azafp bruchid Fite *fAfbw; of yn, aH, axel, oWweR, cert, Crna, Bente sep stopa cons | AIST S IRIS weevil Bers xc whe wit Coiaa mteae Oe AH CHW, CHICA wt faery OFBs wear Fox og aa 8 tea ent ote CAR mT, OMT al aCe oft "ae tea ere oC 5) STA OTS HESINE, AC @ eoTE octal Gore TA Botacaa stat FSA ace © id SHTST CaP Rey Botacae stator MICE GA eA ICT cw FN ateT Ciera hea oifaar was BA D. Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) [Adzuki bean weevil, Pulse beetle, Chinese bruchid, Cowpea bruchid] Identifying features 1. Adults are chocolate brown, oval, anterior ends pointed without snout, posterior end rounded. 2. Usually 3- 4mm long, but the size of the adult depends upon the size of the infested portion of the pulse. 3. Sexually dimorphic, females larger and heavier than males, with abdominal tip exposed, antennae pectinate in males and serrate in females. 4. Eggs are yellow, occur singly and become opaque during hatching, 5. Larvae yellowish-white in color with reduced legs. 6. The pupae dark brown, pupation occurs inside the legume. Economic importance 1. Callosobruchus chinensis, commonly knowns adzuki bean weevil, pulsebeetle, Chinese bruchid and cowpea bruchid, are important stored pests of pulses such as moog bean, lentil, cowpea, soy- bean, gram, pigeon pea, etc. 2. Both larvae and adults cause damage to the grains, Infestation commonly begins in the field, where eggs are laid on maturing pods and carry over into storage where substantial losses may occur. 3. Levels of infestation in storage are strongly influenced by the type of storage structure employed and the variety of seed. Storage structures that maintain high levels of moisture in seeds are more prone 10 high levels of infestation. They reach the height of egg production and legume infestation in July- August. N43 D. Scirpophaga (Syn. Tryporyza) incertulas ‘ enfatcen mar—f-eracenconsl ; Boverd-afegenior ; ctt-Bacrer ; GrrcerA-coftcnto Freier thats 1 roenfia miei eretca ce, eaece AIR ARC | 2. RR tea ocr Bae cea ay) 3 8 com woery care serene nfs Feta 25 cite 40 RAR. eH aCe 4.48 seme ar) D. Scirpophaga incertulas Systematic Position Phylum : Arthropoda ; Subphylum : Mt fandibulata ; Class : Insecta ; Subclass Pterygota Specimen characters 4. Antennae feathery, 5: Presence of a tuft of reddis Economic importance