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Introduction to Structural Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete

Structures Part 1-1 & Part 1-2.

BY
Eng. Dr. Victoria Okumu (PE, MIEK, PhD. Civil Eng.)
MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY OF KENYA

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TRAINING OUTLINE
DATE TIME TITLE OF PRESENTATON PRESENTER
Day 1: 23rd August 2021 9.30 am - 4.30pm Introduction to EC 0 and EC 1 Mr. Muthomi Munyua
Basis of design and loading of structures
08.45am - 10.30 am Introduction to EC2 and Basis for design of concrete structures
to EC2
11.00 am – 1.00pm Loading Examples Dr. Eng. Victoria Okumu
Day 2: 24th August 2021
2.00pm – 4.00 pm Materials and product properties- Concrete and steel, durability,
fire resistance and concrete design considerations for creep and
Shrinkage
8.45am - 10.30 am Idealization of the structure, analysis of and design for Bending
resistance Dr. Eng. Victoria Okumu
Day 3: 25th August 2021
11.00 am – 1.00pm Analysis and Design for Shear resistance and Torsion resistance
2.00pm – 4.30 pm Flexural members design examples- Slabs and beams
8.45am - 11.00 am Analysis and design for compression resistance
11.30 am – 1.00pm Design of columns for compression -design examples
Day 4: 26th August 2021 Dr. Eng. Victoria Okumu
2.00pm – 4. 30 pm Flexural and Compression Elements Design Exercise
Day 5: 27th August 2021 8.45am - 10.30 am Design of Pad footings design examples
Dr. Eng. Victoria Okumu
11.00 am – 1.00pm Detailing general rules and particulars for beams, slabs, columns
and walls
2.00p.m - 4.00pm Additional Rules for precast concrete elements and structures 2
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Compression Elements design process

These are structural elements subjected to compression loads/actions in a

direction parallel to their neutral axis. The design process can be summarized as
given below.
1) Determine actions on column,

2) Determine whether the column slender or not,

3) If slender, determine second order moments,

4) Design reinforcement,

5) Detailing of reinforcement.

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1. Actions

From the analysis, the following data can be obtained :

• Ultimate Axial Load, N Ed

• Ultimate Moment at the top of the column, M top

• Ultimate Moment at the bottom of the column, M bot

 Other first order effects are due to geometric imperfections.

 Second order effects are effects due to changes in geometry, can be

significant in columns. i.e. slender columns
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2. Geometric Imperfections (CL 5.2)

• Deviations in cross-section dimensions are normally taken into

account in the material factors of safety.
• Imperfections need not be considered for SLS.
• But out-of-plumb needs to be considered and is represented by an
inclination (eqn 5.1),

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2. Effect of Imperfections

For isolated members at ULS, the effect of imperfections may be taken into account in two ways:
a) As an eccentricity, (5.2)

So for isolated columns in a braced system,

ei = l0/400 may be used.

b) As a transverse force,

for un-braced members (5.3a)

for braced members = N/100 (5.3b)

All compression members are subject to a Minimum Eccentricity:

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3. Compression Members Design Moments –

a) Stocky Columns- Only 1st order moments are considered

Isolated column

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b) Moments in Slender Columns (5.8.8.2)

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Design moments (5.32)

(5.31)

(5.32)

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4. Slenderness

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4 (a). Limiting Slenderness for isolated members (5.8.3.1)

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Factor C

Note:

In the following cases, rm should be taken as 1.0

(i.e. C= 0.7)

• For braced members in which the first

order moments arise only from or
predominantly due to imperfections or
transverse loading

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5. Effective length

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Effective length

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Effective length & k factor

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Effective length Conservative Factors

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Examples of effective length for isolated members with constant cross section (Fig. 5.7)

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Design Moments – Stocky Columns (1st order moments and effects of imperfections)

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Global Second Order Effects in Columns

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Expression (5.18) is valid only if all the following conditions are met:

• Torsional instability is not governing, i.e. structure is reasonably symmetrical

• Global shear deformations are negligible (as in a bracing system mainly

consisting of shear walls without large openings)

• Bracing members are rigidly fixed at the base, i.e. rotations are negligible

• The stiffness of bracing members is reasonably constant along the height

• The total vertical load increases by approximately the same amount per storey
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Moments in Slender Columns

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6 (a). Nominal Curvature Method

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Second Order Moment (5.8.8.2/3)

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Column Design moment

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7. Column Design for Fire Resistance

Table is based on the Method given in EC2 Part 1.2 (Clause 5.3.2) and provides minimum
dimensions and axis distances for columns in braced structures. The Table is valid for the
following conditions:

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Fire Resistance Requirements for Columns with Rectangular or

Circular Sections

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8. Durability

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Section design

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Column Design for axial load and bending

General

In columns, design moments MEd and design applied axial force

NEd should be derived from analysis, consideration of
imperfections and, where necessary,2nd order effects.

Column design can be either by.

1. Calculations

2. Using design charts.

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Section design: Bending with/without Axial Load

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Design by calculation

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Column Design Using Design charts

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Design Aid from Concise Eurocode 2

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Design Aid from Concise Eurocode 2

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Design Aid from Concise Eurocode 2

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Design Aid from Concise Eurocode 2

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Design Aid from Concise Eurocode 2

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Column Design Aids (IStructE Manual for the design of

concrete building structures to Eurocode 2)

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Biaxial Bending
Having done the analysis and design one way, you have to do it in the other direction and
check biaxial bending. Often it will be non-critical by inspection but one should check

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Circular Column Design

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Charts fro Circular Columns

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Details/Detailing EC2 (9.5.2)

• Minimum number of bars in a circular column is 4.

• Where direction of longitudinal bars changes more than 1:12 the

spacing of transverse reinforcement should be calculated.

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Comparison between column design based on EC2 and BS 8110

Determination of Effective Length

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3. Max and Min vertical reinforcement

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The Column Design Process to EC 2

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Design of Slender Columns

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0.85/1.5 1/1.15
and Nbal is the axial load at balanced failure and may be taken as approximately Nbal = 0.29fckAc for symmetrical reinforcement.
In order to calculate K2, the area As of the column reinforcement must be known and hence a trial-and-error approach is
necessary, taking an initial conservative value of K2 =1.0.
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Slender Column Design Chart (Mosley and Bungey7th Edition)

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