nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 6 Copper Cycle – lyon – (50555) 1

This print-out should have 25 questions. In the redox conversion of Ni2+ to NiO4 − ,
Multiple-choice questions may continue on the oxidation number of Ni goes from (−2, 0,
the next column or page – find all choices +2) to (−1, +1, +7, +9). Recall that the
before answering. oxidation number of oxygen is typically −2.

001 10.0 points 1. 0; +7

In a reaction, the substance undergoing oxi-
dation serves as the 2. 0; +9

1. oxidizing agent. 3. −2; +7

2. reducing agent. correct 4. −2; +1

3. electron acceptor. 5. −2; +9

4. proton donor. 6. +2; +7 correct

Explanation:
Oxidation cannot occur without reduction.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons. These elec-
trons are given to the substance that under-
goes reduction, the gain of electrons. The ox-
idized substance causes the other substance
to be reduced by donating the electrons. The
substance undergoing oxidation is therefore
the reducing agent.
002 10.0 points
The question below is referring to experiment
6, The Cycle of Copper Reactions.
It is necessary to perform the first reaction
under the hood because...
1. the copper metal is susceptible to oxida-
tion from the atmosphere.
7. 0; +1
8. +2; +9
9. +2; −1
Explanation:
Oxidation numbers are per atom. The oxi-
dation number of a monatomic ion is equal to
the charge on the ion. Nickel in Ni2+ has an
oxidation number of +2. The sum of oxida-
tion numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to
the charge on the ion. We set the sum of the
oxidation numbers in NiO− 4 equal to −1 and
solve for the oxidation number of Ni:
NiO−
4 : x + 4(−2) = −1
x = +7

2. the moisture in the atmosphere reacts 004 10.0 points

violently with the nitric acid. Given the oxidation-reduction half-reactions

3. the nitric acid is highly corrosive and may Al(s) → Al3+ (aq)
cause the resulting copper solution to bump. Cu2+ (aq) → Cu(s)
4. the nitrogen dioxide gas generated in the what is the overall balanced reaction equa-
reaction is toxic. correct tion?

Explanation: 1. 2 Al3+ (aq) + 3 Cu2+ (s) →

The brown fumes are also are prominent air 3 Cu(s) + 2 Al(s)
pollutant.
2. 3 Al(s) + Cu2+ (aq) →
003 10.0 points Al3+ (aq) + 2 Cu(s)
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 6 Copper Cycle – lyon – (50555) 2

3. 2 Al(s) + 3 Cu2+ (aq) → 3. Magnesium is oxidized, copper is reduced,

2 Al3+ (aq) + 3 Cu(s) correct
4. 3 Al(s) + 2 Cu2+ (aq) →
3 Al3+ (aq) + 2 Cu(s)
5. Al(s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Al3+ (aq) + Cu(s)
Explanation:
005 10.0 points
Consider the process in which HClO3 is con-
verted to HClO2 . The oxidation state of oxy-
gen remains −2, and the oxidation state of H
remains +1. Select the correct statement.
1. Cl is oxidized and gains electrons.
and silver is neither oxidized nor reduced.
correct
4. Magnesium and silver are oxidized; cop-
per is reduced.
Explanation:
Mg changes from 0 to +2; oxidation is loss
of e− . Cu changes from +2 to 0; reduction is
gain of e− . Ag remains Ag+ .
007 10.0 points
Give the oxidation numbers for copper in the
compound Cu2 O and for Mo in the compound
Mo2 O2−
7 , where oxygen maintains an oxida-
tion number of −2.

2. Cl neither gains nor loses electrons in this 1. 0; −2

reaction.
2. +2; +7
3. Cl is reduced and loses electrons.
3. +1; +12
4. Cl is reduced and gains electrons. cor-
rect 4. 0; 0

5. Cl is oxidized and loses electrons. 5. +1; +6 correct

Explanation:
6. +2; +6
Oxidation is loss of electrons and reduction
is gain of electrons. Chlorine goes from +5 to
7. +1; +1
+3 for a gain of 2 electrons overall.
Explanation:
006 10.0 points Oxidation numbers are per atom. The sum
Consider the metals in the following reactions. of oxidation numbers in a neutral molecule is
zero and in a polyatomic ion is equal to the
2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO charge on the ion. We know the oxidation
number of O is −2. We use these values and
set the sum of the oxidation numbers equal to
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2 O the appropriate value. The oxidation number
of Cu and Mo is symbolized by x:
Ag+ + Cl− → AgCl Cu2 O : 2x + (−2) = 0
Which of the following is true? 2x = +2
x = +1
1. Magnesium is reduced; copper and silver Mo2 O2−
6 : 2x + 7(−2) = −2
are neither oxidized nor reduced.
2x − 14 = −2
2. Magnesium is oxidized; copper and silver 2x = 12
are reduced. x = +6
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 6 Copper Cycle – lyon – (50555) 3

008 10.0 points 1. Sn2+ (aq) → Sn(s)

Classify the reaction
HNO3 (aq) + NaOH(aq) → 2. Mg(s) → Mg2+ (aq) correct
H2 O(ℓ) + NaNO3 (aq) .
3. Mg(s) + Sn2+ (aq) → Mg2+ (aq) + Sn(s)
1. oxidation reduction
4. Sn2+ (aq) → Mg2+ (aq)
2. precipitation
5. Mg(s) → Sn(s)
3. acid-base correct Explanation:

4. All of the choices are correct. 011 10.0 points

Explanation: In the reaction
HNO3 is nitric acid. NaOH is a base. This Cu(s) + 4 HNO3 (aq) →
is an acid-base neutralization reaction. There Cu(NO3 )2 (aq) + 2 NO2 (g) + 2 H2 O ,
is no change in oxidation numbers of the ele-
ments, so it is not a redox reaction. No solid what is the oxidizing agent?
is formed so it is not a precipitation reaction.
1. HNO3 correct
009 10.0 points
Which of the following is a reduction reaction? 2. NO2

1. 2 Br− (aq) → Br2 (g) + 2 e− 3. This is not a redox reaction.

2. Cu(s) → Cu+2 + 2 e− 4. Cu(NO3 )2

3. C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) 5. Cu

4. Zn+2 (aq) + 2 e− → Zn(s) correct
5. C2 H6 (g) → C2 H4 (g) + H2 (g)
Explanation:
Reduction is the gain of electrons and is
indicated by the algebraic decrease of the oxi-
dation number. Zn2+ is gaining electrons and
is a reduction reaction. Both Cu and Br− are
losing electrons and are oxidation reactions.
The C2 H6 reaction and the C reaction are full
reactions that include both elements that are
oxidized and ones that are reduced.
010 10.0 points
Given the oxidation-reduction reaction
Mg(s) + Sn2+ (aq) → Mg2+ (aq) + Sn(s) ,
what is the oxidation half-reaction?
Explanation:
The oxidizing agent causes another sub-
stance to be oxidized by accepting the elec-
trons lost by the oxidized substance. The
oxidizing agent therefore gains electrons and
is reduced.
Reduction is indicated by the algebraic de-
crease of the oxidation number. The oxida-
tion number of free, uncombined elements is
zero. The sum of oxidation numbers in a neu-
tral molecule is zero. The oxidation numbers
of O and H in compounds are −2 and +1
respectively. We use these known oxidation
numbers to calculate the oxidation numbers
of N:
HNO3 : +1 + x + 3(−2) = 0
x = +5
NO2 : x + 2(−2) = 0
x = +4
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 6 Copper Cycle – lyon – (50555) 4
Nitrate ion is NO−
3 . The sum of oxidation
numbers in a polyatomic ion is the charge on 014 10.0 points
the ion: In the reaction

NO3 : x + 3(−2) = −1 Ni + 2 H+ + 2 Cl− −→ NiCl2 + H2 ,

x = +5
which species is reduced?
We can calculate the oxidation number of
Cu using the oxidation number sum for the 1. Ni
nitrate ion:
2. NiCl2
Cu(NO2 )2 : x + 2(−1) = 0
3. H2
x = +2

The oxidation number of N decreases from +5 4. H+ correct

to +4, indicating that it is being reduced and Explanation:
is the oxidizing agent.
0 +1 −1 +2 −1 0
012 10.0 points Ni + 2 H+ + 2 Cl− −→ NiCl2 + H2
When added to water, which one of the fol-
lowing would produce a base? The oxidation states of each species is given
in the equation above. Remember that oxida-
1. Cl2 tion involves a loss of electrons and reduction
involves a gain of electrons. The reduced
2. SO3 species would be the H+ which gained one
electron per hydrogen.
3. CO2
015 10.0 points
4. Na2 O correct The question below is referring to experiment
Explanation: 6, The Cycle of Copper Reactions.
An oxide which combines with water to give The percent yield at the end of the experi-
an acidic or a basic solution is the anhydride ment should represent the mass of pure cop-
of that acid or base. Metal oxides tend to be per recovered, not copper plus any remaining
basic anhydrides and nonmetal oxides tend to contaminants.
be acidic anhydrides.
1. True correct
013 10.0 points
2. False
Balance the reaction
Explanation:
Al + H2 SO4 → Al2 (SO4 )3 + H2 . Percent yield concerns only the desired
product, not impurities.
What is the coefficient of H2 SO4 in the bal-
anced equation? 016 10.0 points
Which reaction is both a redox and a decom-
Correct answer: 3. position reaction?
Explanation:
The balanced equation is 1. Br2 + 2 I− → I2 + 2 Br−

2 Al + 3 H2 SO4 → Al2 (SO4 )3 + 3 H2 . 2. 2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2 correct

 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 6 Copper Cycle – lyon – (50555)
3. BaCO3 → BaO + CO2
4. NH3 + HCl → NH4 Cl
5. Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Explanation:
In a decompostion reaction a compound
breaks down to form two or more other com-
pounds or elements. Only the reactions with
the reactants KClO3 and BaCO3 are decom-
position reactions.
In the KClO3 reaction, the oxidation num-
ber of O changes from −2 to 0, so O is ox-
idized. The oxidation number of Cl changes
from +5 to −1, so Cl is reduced, and this is a
redox reaction.
In the BaCO3 reaction there is no change
in oxidation numbers of the elements so this
is not a redox reaction.
017 10.0 points
5
018 10.0 points
Which elements are oxidized and which ele-
ments are reduced in the synthesis of hydro-
gen from coal in the reaction
H2 O(g) + C(s) −→ H2 (g) + CO(g) ?
1. Neither is oxidized nor reduced because
this is not a Redox reaction.
2. Carbon is oxidized and oxygen is re-
duced.
3. Carbon is oxidized and hydrogen is re-
duced. correct
4. Hydrogen is oxidized and carbon is re-
duced.
5. Hydrogen is oxidized and oxygen is re-
duced.
Explanation:
019 10.0 points
What is the reducing agent in the reaction
Ca + 2 HBr → CaBr2 + 2 H2 ?
1. Br−
2. H+
3. Ca correct
4. HBr
5. This is not a redox reaction.
 nwabuisi (upn64) – Post-lab 6 Copper Cycle – lyon – (50555) 6
Explanation: Some unreacted aluminum remains with the
product at the end of the experiment.
020 (part 1 of 5) 10.0 points
Before answering the questions below, recall 1. No effect
the definition of the percent recovery of cop-
per in experiment 6. 2. Low
Describe whether the error introduced by
each of the following five problems would re- 3. High correct
sult in a high, low or no affect on the percent Explanation:
recovery of the original copper sample. High; because the mass of the aluminum
Insufficient NaOH is added in Step 3. would be weighed along with the copper
metal.
1. High
024 (part 5 of 5) 10.0 points
2. Low correct
The copper is not completely dried before
weighing.
3. No effect
Explanation: 1. No effect
Low; because some of the Cu2+ will not
precipitate and will be lost in the washing 2. Low
step.
3. High correct
021 (part 2 of 5) 10.0 points Explanation:
Some solid is lost during the decanting process High; because the mass of the water would
in step 5. be weighed along with the copper metal.
1. High
025 10.0 points
What type of reaction is
2. No effect
AgNO3 (aq) + NH4 Cl(aq) →
3. Low correct NH4 NO3 (aq) + AgCl(s) ?
Explanation:
1. redox
Low; because some of the copper is lost as
CuO.
2. single displacement
022 (part 3 of 5) 10.0 points 3. precipitation correct
An excess of sulfuric acid is added in step 8.
4. decomposition
1. Low
Explanation:
2. High A solid forms in this reaction so it is a
precipitation reaction.
3. No effect correct
Explanation:
No effect; as long as the excess H2 SO4 is
washed out later.

023 (part 4 of 5) 10.0 points