Assumption of Art

1. Art is universal
2. Art is not nature
3. Art involves experiences

Art is something that is perennially around us.

Some people may deny having to do with arts
but it is indisputable that life presents us with
many forms of and opportunities for
communion with the arts.
 Misconception: Artistic made long time
The word "art comes from the ancient Latin, ago.
ars which means a "Craft or specialized form  Age is not a factor in determining art.
of skill, like carpentry or smithying or  Literature has provided key words of art
surgery" (Collingwood, 1938)  lliad and the Odyssey are the two Greek
Epics that one’s being taught in school.
Ars in Medieval Latin came to mean The Sanskrit pieces Mahabharata and
something different. It meant “any special Ramanaya are also staples in this fields.
form of book- learning, such as grammar or  In every country and in every generation,
logic, magic or astrology” (Collingwood, there is always art. Often times, people
1983). feel that what is considered artistic are
only those which have been made long
The fine arts would come to mean “not time ago. This is a misconception. Age is
delicate or highly skilled arts, but “beautiful not a factor in determining art. “An art is
arts” (Collingwood, 1983). not good because it is old, but old
because it is good” (Dudley et al., 1960)
“The humanities constitute one of the oldest
and most important means of expression
developed by man” (Dudley et al., 1960).
Human history has witnessed how man
evolved not just physically but also culturally,
from cave painters to men of exquisite
paintbrush users of the present

Art is Universal

 In the Philippines, the works of Jose

Rizal and Francisco Balagtas are not
being read because they are old
 Florante at Laura never fails to teach high
school students the beauty of love, one
that is universal and pure.
 Ibong Adarna, another Filipino
Timeless, spanning generations and continents masterpiece, has always captured the
through and through. imagination of the young with its
timeless lessons.
When we recite the Psalms, we feel in
communion with King David as we feel one
with him in his conversation with God.
When we listen to a Kundiman or perform
folk dances, we still enjoy the way our
Filipino ancestors while away their time in the
past.
ART IS NOT NATURE
 Art, not directed by representation of
reality, is a perception of reality.
 In the Philippines, it is not entirely novel
to hear some consumers of local movies
remark that these movies produced
locally are unrealistic. They contend that
local movies work around certain
formula to the detriment of substance and
faithfulness to reality of movies.
 Paul Cézanne, a French painter, painted a
scene from reality entitled Well and
Grinding Wheel in the Forest of the
Chateau Noir. The said scene is inspired
by a real scene in a forest around the
Château Noir area near Aix in Cézanne's
native Province.
 NOTE: Art is Man’s expression of his
reception of nature Man’s way of
interpreting nature. Art is made by man,
whereas nature is a given around us.
ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE
 It does not full detail but just an
experience. Actual doing of something.
 Art is just experience. By experience, we
mean the “actual doing of something”
(Dudley et al., 1960) and it also affirmed
that art depends on experience, and if one
is to know art, he must know it not as fact
or information but as an experience.
 A work of an art then cannot be
abstracted from actual doing. In order to
know what an artwork, we have to sense
it, see and hear it.
 Examples: Some mediums of visual arts
 An important aspect of experiencing art
is its being highly personal, individual,
and subjective. In philosophical terms,
perception of art is always a value
judgment. It depends on who the perceive
is, his tastes, his biases, and what he has
inside.
Art Appreciation: Creativity, Imagination and
Expressions
ART APPRECIATION AS A WAY OF LIFE
 Each artwork beholds beauty in its own
kind, the kind that the artist sees and
wants the viewers to perceive.
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN ART
MAKING
 Creativity requires thinking outside the
box
 " Its More Fun in the Philippines“ /"It's
More Fun in Switzerland,"
 "It's More Fun in the Philippines "used
by the Department of Tourism (DOT)
boomed popularity in 2011, but later on it
was found out that it was allegedly
plagiarized from Switzerland's tourism
slogan "It's More Fun in Switzerland,"
back in 1951. In DOT's defense, former
DOT Secretary Ramon Jimenez Jr.
claimed that it was "purely coincidental."
Thus, creativity should be backed with
careful research on.
ART AS A PRODUCT OF IMAGINATION,
IMAGINATION AS A PRODUCT OF ART
“Imagination is more important than
knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we
now know and understand, while imagination
embraces the entire world, and all there ever
will be to know and understand.” – Albert
Einstein
Art as Expression
1. Visual Arts - appeal to the sense of
sight and are mainly visual in nature
include paintings, drawings, lettering, printing.
sculptures, digital imaging, and more.

Spoliarium by Juan Luna
2. Film - refers to the art of putting together
successions of still images in order to
create an illusion of movement. Film
making focuses on its aesthetic, cultural,
and social value and is considered as both
an art and an industry.
3.
4.
5. Performance Art - Is a live art and the
artist medium is mainly the human body
which he or she uses to perform, but also
employs other kind of art such as visual
art, props, or sound.
6. Poetry Performance - An art form where
the artist expresses his emotions not by
using paint, charcoal, or camera, but
expresses them through words. These
words, combined with movements, tone,
volume, and intensity of the delivery,
add
7. Architecture - Is the making of beautiful
building.However, not all buildings are
beautiful. Some buildings only embody
the functionality they need, but the
structure,lines, form and colors are
not beautifully expressed.
The Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux
8. Dance - A series of movements that
follows the rhythm of the music
accompaniment. Dancing is a creative
form that allows people to freely express
themselves. It has no rules.
9. Literary Art - Use words-not paint,
musical instruments, or chisels-to express
themselves and communicate emotions to
the readers
Romeo and
Juliet by
William
Shakespeare.
10. Theater - Uses live performers to present
accounts or imaginary events before a
live audience. Theater art performances
usually follow a script, though they
should not be confused with literary arts.
Macbeth by William Shakespeare.
11. Applied Arts - Artists in this field bring
beauty, charm, and comfort into many
things that were useful in everyday life.
Applied is often compared to fine arts,
where the latter is chiefly concerned on
 aesthetic value.
Sample Image of Fashion Art
Robin George Collingwood, an English
philosopher who is best known for his work in
aesthetics, explicated in his publication The
Principles of Art (1938) that what an artist
does to an emotion is
not to induce it. but express it. Through
expression, he is able to explore his own
emotions and at the same time, create
something beautiful out of them.
Note: An emotion will remain unknown to a
man until he expresses it.
Functions and Philosophical Perspectives
on Art
Functions of Art
1. Personal Function of Art
The personal functions of art are varied and
highly subjective.
• Functions depends on the artist who created
the art.
• An artist may create an art out of self-
expression, entertainment, or therapeutic
purpose.
2. Social Function of Art
Art is considered to have a social function if
and when it addresses a particular collective
interest as opposed to a personal interest.
• Art may convey message of protest,
contestation, or whatever message the artist
intends his work to carry.
Example: Political Art
3. Physical Function of Art
The physical functions of art can be found in
artworks that are crafted in order to serve
some physical purpose.
• Architecture, jewelry-making, interior
design all serves physical functions.
4. Other Functions of Art
 Music was principally used for dance and
religion.
 The ancient world saw music as an
instrument to facilitate worship and
invocation to gods. Music was essential
for synchronicity of dancers.
 Music guarantees that warriors were
simultaneous.
 Example: Serenade - People compose
hymns to express feelings and emotions.
 Music is also used as accompaniment to
stage plays and motion pictures
 Architecture may be the most prominent
functional art.
 Unlike other forms of art, buildings take
so much time to erect and destroy.
 One cannot dismiss taking into
consideration the function of a building
before construction.
 It is also in architecture where one can
find the intimate connection of function
and form.
Philosophical Perspective on Art
1. Art as Imitation
• In Plato ' s “The Republic, ” paints a picture
of artists as imitators and art as mere imitation.
• In his description of the ideal republic, Plato
advises against the inclusion of art as a subject
in the curriculum and the banning of artists in
the Republic.
*In Plato ' s metaphysics or view of reality,
the things in this world are only copies of the
original, the eternal, and the true entities that
can only be found in the World of Forms.
 Plato was deeply suspicious of arts and
artists for two reasons:
 1. They appeal to the emotion rather to
the rational faculty of men
 2. They imitate rather than lead one to
reality
2. Art as a Representation
 Aristotle, agreed with Plato that art is a
form of imitation.
 However, Aristotle considered art as an
aid to philosophy in revealing the truth.
 The kind of imitation that art does is not
antithetical to the reaching of
 fundamental truths in the world. matter, moves according to a fixed path
 • In Aristotelian worldview, art serves towards its aim.
two particular purposes:  This “telos, ” according to Aristotle, is
 • Art allows for the experience of intricately linked with function. • “For a
pleasure (horrible experience can be thing to reach its purpose, it also has to
made an object of humor) fulfill its function. ”
 • Art also has an ability to be instructive
and teach its audience things about life Architecture and Applied Arts
(cognitive) • The value of the art in question lies in the
practical benefits one gains from it
3. Art as Disinterested Judgement • Obviously made for a specific purpose
 • Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Painting and Literature
Judgment, considered the judgment of • One can look at the value of the product of
beauty, the cornerstone of art, as art in and for itself
something that can be universal despite
its subjectivity.
 • Kant recognized that judgment of
beauty is subjective.
 • However, even subjective judgments
are based on some universal criterion for
the said judgment.
 “Judged while you look theother
way.Society is a cruel teacher.”
4. Art as a communication of Emotion
 According to Leo Tolstoy, art plays a
huge role in communication to its
audience ' s emotions that the artist
previously experienced.
 • In the same that language
communicates information to other
people, art communicates emotions.
 As a purveyor of man ' s innermost
feelings and thoughts, art is given a
unique opportunity to serve as a
mechanism for social unity.
 • Art is central to man ' s existence
because it makes accessible feelings and
emotions of people from the past and
present.

Functions of Art - Is an inquiry on what art is

for.

Taj Mahal, was constructed in memory of the

favorite Wife or the then emperor, Shan Jahan.

Aristotle claimed that every particular

substance in the world has an end, or telos in
Greek, which translates into " purpose." •

 Every substance, defined as formed