11th Grade

GENERAL TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR

FORCES
Physical Science
These are the attractive forces between molecules..
Intermolecular
forces hold molecules together which can be
attractive or repulsive.

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION

01 02
DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES ION-DIPOLE FORCES

03 04
DISPERSION FORCES HYDROGEN BONDING
Johannes Diederick
van der Waals
● Dipoles occur when electrons are shared
unequally between atoms in the same
molecule due to a high difference in the
electronegativity of the atoms involved.
● A dipole is a molecule or covalent bond that
has a separation of charges.
01
DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES
DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCE OF ATTRACTION

● Dipole-dipole forces are

attractive forces existing
between polar molecules.

● Arise due to interaction

between oppositely
charged ends of polar
molecules.
 02
ION-DIPOLE FORCES
 Ion-dipole forces exist in the attraction between a
charged particle called ion(which can be a positively
charged particle called cation or negatively
charged anion) and a polar molecule.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM: CARBON ATOM

ELECTRON
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun

PROTON 6
protons
Venus is the +
second planet from 6
the sun neutrons

NEUTRON
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold
place
 03
LONDON DISPERSION
FORCE
Dispersion forces are the weakest attractive forces that
are formed due
to the temporary dipoles induced in nonpolar
molecules. This force is also
called induced-dipole attraction.
 INDUCED DIPOLE

● Induced dipole is the separation of the positive

and negative charges in a nonpolar molecule
due to the nearness of an ion or a polar
molecule.
INDUCED DIPOLE
LONDON DISPERSION FORCE
 04
HYDROGEN BONDING
The hydrogen bond is a special type of dipole-
dipole interaction between the hydrogen
atom in a polar molecule and the highly
electronegative atoms, N, O and F in another
molecule.
MELTING POINT

Melting point is Substances with

the stronger IMFA have
temperature at
higher melting
which the
substance points compared to
changes from those with weaker
solid to liquid. IMFA.
BOILING POINT

Boiling point is Substances with

the stronger IMFA have
temperature higher boiling points
at which the compared to those
substance with weaker IMFA.
changes from
liquid to gas.
SURFACE TENSION

Surface Tension is the tendency of

a fluid to acquire the least
possible surface area.
Molecules with stronger
intermolecular forces will exert
greater cohesive forces and
acquire less surface area
(higher surface tension) than
those with weaker IMFA.
VISCOSITY

Viscosity is the
measure of a
fluid’s resistance
to flow.
VAPOR PRESSURE

Surface Tension is the tendency of

a fluid to acquire the least
possible surface area.
Molecules with stronger
intermolecular forces will exert
greater cohesive forces and
acquire less surface area
(higher surface tension) than
those with weaker IMFA.
ACTIVITY!

Materials:
• 500mL glass • stirring rod or
pitcher (or any banana cue
container) stick
pepper
• liquid detergent