ZIMBABWE SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL General Certificate of Education Advanced Level CHEMISTRY 9189/4 PAPER 4 Option Topics NOVEMBER 2010 SESSION 1 hour 15 minutes Additional materials: Answer paper Data booklet Graph paper Mathematical tables and/or electronic calculator TIME 1 hour 15 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer paper. Answer a total of four questions, Do not answer more than two questions from any one Option You are advised not to attempt questions on Options for which you have not been prepared. Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided. Begin each answer on a fresh page. If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together. | INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES ‘The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of cach question or part question, Where relevant, the symbols for aluminium, chlorine and iodine are printed as: Al; Ch; I: respectively. ‘You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. This question paper consists of 8 printed pages. Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, 72010. [Turn over(a) (b) fa) (b) BIOCHEMISTRY Not more than two questions to be answered from this Option. The phosphorylation of glucose to yield glucose-6-phosphate is catalysed by two enzymes hexokinase and glucokinase () Write a word equation for the phosphorylation of glucose (i) Values of K,,, the Michaelis constant, for the phosphorylation of glucose are given: with hexokinase 0,01 mmol/dm* with glucokinase 20 mmol/am* With the aid ofa labelled graph explain the meaning of Vinx and of K,, for each of these two enzymes in this reaction. Gil) Give two factors that affect the values of K,, and Vag for a given enzyme, One molecule of the enzyme catalase causes the breakdown of 2%10° molecules of hydrogen peroxide per second, as shown in the equation 2H,0, 8" >2H,.0+ 0,. A sample of liver is estimated to contain 1x10" molecules of catalase. How long does this liver take to produce 12.cm’ of oxygen at room temperature and pressure from an excess aqueous hydrogen peroxide? Proteases such as pepsin, are enzymes which hydrolyse proteins into smaller units, (@ Write an equation for the hydrolysis of a peptide linkage in proteins, (i) Explain how the enzyme is able to make this hydrolysis possible, A peptide chain was subjected to N-terminal analysis to determine the order of amino acid residues in the peptide. In addition to dinitropheny!- slycine, the following combinations of amino acid residues were isolated sly-val, val-leu, ala-ph-gly, leu-ala-ph (Draw the structure of the substance used in the N-terminal analysis. Determine the order of amino acid residues in the peptide. 9189/4 N2010 (1) 14] (2) BI [Total: 10] ol 21 u) n(d) (a) © DNA is responsible for transferring genetic information from one generation of species to another. DNA is said to be at the heart of the genetic code. (i) Define genetic code? iin) Gi) State one difference between DNA and RNA. 2 State any two applications of DNA Q [Total: 10} ‘The diagram shows a reaction that takes place in a cell. mRNA Ruegsa x——sane SEY RNA NH. WA AN Yee O&C~¢-NH, gk T () Name the part labelled X. tu Gi) Identify the part of the cell in which the reaction shown takes place. [I] (iii) Name the process taking place i] (iv) Describe the role of mRNA and tRNA [2] The sequence of bases in a section of mRNA is as follows CCUAGUUAUUCCGUGCAU. Give a corresponding DNA sequence. 13] Explain why ATP is a biological source of energy for cellular reactions. + (21 (Total: 10] 19962010 {Turn overDuring th 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Not more than two questions to be answered from this Option. ainy season most plants fail to thrive due to soil being waterlogged as they fail to get the necessary ions needed, (a) (b) © (a) (b) @® Suggest an explanation why most nutrients are unavailable in a waterlogged soil. (2 Gi) Name any two compounds responsible for buffer activity in soil, and write down equations to show the buffer effect, GI Use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers has adverse effects on aquatic and plant life, explain this clearly stating any chemistry involved. 3) Explain the function of phosphate as an additive to detergents. (2) (Total: 10} Sulphur dioxide released from burning coal can be removed and used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid (Explain two methods by which sulphur dioxide can be removed, 3] (i) Show how sulphur dioxide and acid rain affect 1. buildings made from materials containing limestone, 2. metals, 3. paper and plants. 4] By means of equations, show how manufacture of cement and lime may increase percentage of pollutant carbon dioxide. BI (Total: 10} 918914 Nz010(b) Dissolved carbon dioxide is used by algae for photosynthesis. @ Write equilibrium reaction equation for carbon dioxide dissolved in water. (ii) Use the equilibrium reaction equations in (i) to explain how photosynthesis reduces water acidity. (4) [Total: 10} (a) Define Eutrophication. 2) {b) Describe with the aid of an equation, the method used to remove () phosphate ions from contaminated water. (i) ammonium ions from contaminated sludge. (4 (©) Rocks are formed in oceans using dissolved carbon dioxide. () Use equations to show 1. how the rocks are formed, 2. the buffering action of carbon dioxide. (row 10 sito 2018 {Turn over(a) (b) 6 PHASE EQUILIBRIA Not more than two questions to be answered from this Option (@ A mixture of carbon disulphide and propanone shows a positive deviation from Reoult’s law. Their vapour pressures are 39235 Pa and 23541 Pa respectively at 25°C If a mixture of 0.2 mole carbon disulphide and 0.8 mole propanone were made what would be the vapour pressure of the mixture if it were ideal? 4 How would this value compare with the true vapour pressure? (4 Sketch the phase diagram for water. Label the areas, identifying any points of interest and explain any atypical behaviour shown by water. {6] {Total: 10] Producers of poultry meat inject the dead carcases with brine solution for preservation as well as quick freezing. fa) b) (Explain qualitatively the use of brine solution as a quick freezing agent. [3] (ii) Explain why similar addition of salt to a solvent would have an effect on its boiling. BI Carbon dioxide, CO, taste. ie): 18 used as an additive to soft drinks to improve their State factors that affect solubility of gases and suggest how CO,,) improves taste of soft drinks. (4) [Total: 10} Chromatography is used extensively in medicine for example to determine presence of disease. Antibodies are embedded in a chromatogram. The patient’s blood sample is run on the chromatogram and a line of reaction will show presence of disease. R, values are used for identification of analytes, Gas Liquid Chromatography is also used for analysis of drugs present in a patient's system, @ Explain clearly the principle behind gas liquid chromatography compared with thin layer chromatography defining the underlined terms. [3] Describe how High Performance Liquid Chromatography differs from thin layer and gas liquid chromatography. 2) [Total: 10} eas Na0107 ALone atmosphere, pure water boils at 100°C. (2) @_ State and explain haw the boiling point of H,0 is affected by adding CCly (ii) Suggest with a reason how the boiling point of the H,O/CCl, mixture is affected by lowering the pressure in the environment. [6] (b) (i State the best method for extracting sea water solution? (ii) Explain why steam distillation is used to extract a thermally unstable perfume from crushed flower petals. fy [Total: 10] oso Noni4 [Turn over10 i (a) ) @) @) © 8 TRANSITION ELEMENTS Not more than two questions to be answered from this Option. (i) State three ways by which the addition of chromium to mild steel improves its properties. (ii) Describe the bonding in (Cr(H20).}”" and state the bond angle. (5) Describe and explain the colour changes that occur when orange NayCrz0r is added to @ — NaOH ay, Gi) Snag. 6) {Total: 10] ‘The oxidation of manganese (IV) oxide in molten potassium hydroxide with oxygen produces potassium manganate (V1), which when added to dilute acid disproportionate to a purple solution and a black solid, manganese dioxide. () State the colour of potassium manganate (VD). (ii)__Identify the manganese containing ion in the purple solution. (iii) Write an equation to show the disproportionation of potassium manganate (VI). (iv) Suggest an equation for the production of potassium manganate wb. (4) State any two uses of manganese (IV) oxide, 2 Describe and explain what would be observed when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to an aqueous solution of manganese (II) until in excess and final mixture is exposed to air for sometime “4 [Total: 10] ‘918944 N201410 it (a) (a) b) TRANSITION METALS Not more than two questions to be answered from this Option. Describe what is observed when (potassium iodide solution is added to aqueous copper (1) sulphate followed by aqueous sodium thiosulphate, concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to aqueous copper (11) sulphate. [6] Describe reactions if any that would take place when i) silver metal is added to a solution of VO} ions, (ii) Pb metal is added to a solution of YO ions, under acid conditions. In each case write balanced chemical equations for the reaction(s). (4 [Total: 10} Explain the following observations writing chemical equations where appropriate (i) the addition of aqueous barium chloride to an alkaline orange solution of sodium dichromate causes yellow barium chromate (VI) to be precipitated. 3) (ii) evaporating cold aqueous chromium (III) chloride crystallizes, pale green crystals and violet crystals of the same formula, On addition of 5 cm’ aqueous silver nitrate to separate aqueous solutions of these two salts, all the chloride from the fist salt precipitates as AgCI. but only 2/, of the chioride salt precipitates as AgCl, 14] Stainless steel is an alloy of iron which contains chromium. By quoting relevant E” values from the Data Booklet. Comment on this use of chromium. 8) (Total: 10] 91394 x2010 [Turn over12 @ ) 8 What feature of transition metals allows them to show variable oxidation states. When FeCl, and K,,Fe(CN), are mixed a coloured compound is obtained which can be used as a dye or ink, (@ Give oxidation states of iron in the two compounds. (ii) Suggest two possible formulae of the dye (iii) Draw a diagram to show shape and bonding of K,Fe(CN), and compare it with that of [CoCl,}”. ‘98914 N2010 (2) (2 2 [Total: 10}