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MOCK COMMON LAW ADMISSION TEST 2022 § LEGALEDGE ~~ ATOP RANKERS Initiative MOCK CLAT #21 ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS ISECTION-A : ENGLISH LANGUAGE] 1 (©) Refer to the line, ‘It is a hand-me-down from Elton John, an old friend of the previous owner, Janet Street-Porter, who commissioned David Adjaye to create Fog House.’ The third sentence of the fourth paragraph talks about an old friend of Fanet Sireet- Porter. Option (c) isthe correct answer as per this sentence. Option (a) is not the correct answer because paragraph one says that the house was just earlier occupied by Mare Quinn. This does not show any relation between him and Janet Street-Porter. Option (b) is incorrect because Broke Stuart is nowhere mentioned inthe passage. Similarly, option (@) is incorrect. The house does belong to Della Bumside, but there is no apparent connection between the owncr and Janet Streot-Porter. Therefore, option (cs the corect answer. (©) The frst half ofthe first paragraph talks about the fact about Della Burnside’s old house. Referring the para option (@) is accurate and correct answer Option (a) is incorret because the passage talks about the kitchen, but not about whether the kitchen ‘was big or small. Option (b) is incorrect because in the passage there is no mention of swimming pool Option (d) is incorrect because it explains the facts about the new house and not the old house. Refer to the lines, “"They suit my personality better than my old house, which was more restrained." That was 4 late Victorian property, also in Clerkenwell, ) @ @ central London, and it was "dark, with lots of wood panelling and traditional furitur The last sentence of the third paragraph mentions that “i's what you get if you buy through the design- led estate agency The modem House, as Burnside did.” Option (b) is the correct answer. Option (a) is not the correct answer because itis in the context of what author is talking about i.c., his new and old house and not the name ofthe estate agency. Option (©) and (@) are incorrect because they are nowhere ‘mentioned in the passage. AAs per the last sentence ofthe second paragraph and the first sentence of the third paragraph, option (d) is the correct answer. The gym area was used as a Tounge. Option (a) is incorrect because the passage clearly mentions that gym was previously used as a lounge. Options (b) and (c) are incorrect because storeroom and studio were not in the house, and neither some other room was used as a studio ot storeroom, Option (d) is the correct answer. A red carpet and ‘right pink feather lapper girl lamp are catching the eye of the author. And the word, ‘Vie’ means, as if these items are competing for the author's attention, What the author wants to communicate is that the author is drawn towards each décor item that draws attention by its colour, Option (a) is incorrect, as the lines do not mention whether the author found the ddécor to have incorporated the newest technolog ideas or features, Option (b) is incorrect, as there is no mention of ‘child-like simplicity’ anywhere in Tend Ofice ay, ane i MP Rage Bhopal [9 FOG 0) aE Paget arts§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative @ @ @ o the passage, let alone through the lines. Option (c) is fan extreme reaction that does not find support in the given lines. Keen is an adjective which means having or showing eagerness or enthusiasm, Therefore, option (a) cannot be replaced. Since it’s an adjective, we need an adjective to replace it. Option (a) talks about Embrace which is a verb meaning accept (a belie? theory, or change) willingly and enthusiastically Option (b) talks about ‘abate’ which is a verb, meaning become less intense or widespread. Option (©) is an adverb. Options (a) and (b) are verbs, and option (c) is an adverb; hence, eliminated, Option (@) which talks about “avid? meaning having or showing a keen interest in or enthusiasm for something. It is an adjective as well as synonym of keen, Hence, Option d is the correct answer. In the last of the frst paragraph it says "Salcomp's acquisition of the handset manufacturing plant - it ‘was once the world’s largest, producing 100 million hhandsets a year." It refers to Nokia's now defunct handset factory. But the question asks for the current largest handset manufacturing plant in the world which cannot be answered by the information contained in the passage. Therefore, option (c) is climinated. Option (a) is not correct because Wistron is a contract manufacturer of apple that is ramping investments, but not yet the largest ‘manufacturing plant, as per the passage. Option (b) is incorrect because, as per the passage, Apple is gradually shifting away from China amid the Sino- US trade war. Therefore, it cannot be the world’s largest handset manufacturing plant, as it is not spreading across the world, since it decided to shift. from one of the countries in the world i, China. is mentioned in the first paragraph that "Saleomp is expected to begin operations atthe plant by March next year, and ramp up exports from there to about $2 billion by investing $300 million over the next five years." This makes option (a) the correct answer. Option (b) is not correct because, as per the passage, Salcomp was once the world’s largest hhandset producer, producing 100 million handsets. Therefore, 100 million is its production cost and not investment. Option (c) and (d) are incorrect becuse these values are nowhere mentioned in the passage. It is mentioned in the middle of the second paragraph that "The Nokia handset plant, set up in 2006, at its peak was the world’s largest and showcased India's local manufacturing prowess." ‘This makes option (b) the correct answer. Option (a) is incorrect because in 2013 India issued a Rs 2,500 crore withholding tax demand, as the Nokia company was identified as aggressive stance of India's tax authority. It can be clearly scen that the year 2013 is not when the plant was setup. Option (©) is incorrect because the year 2014 talks about shutting down of the factory as a result of tax dispute, as mentioned in starting of paragraph one. U1. ©) © @ @ Option (d)is not correct because the year 2007 isnot ‘mentioned in the passage. The sentence talks about aggressive stance of India's tax authorities causing some kind of emotion among. foreign investors. Option (a) which talks about ‘Calmness’ doesn't fit in the context, Also, the use of article 'an! before the blank ensures that a noun starting with a vowel sound will fit in the blank, Therefore, option (c) cannot be fitted, as it does not start with a vowel. Only option (b) fits the eriteria; hence, itis the answer, Also” uproar means a vocal protest ora hue and cry. The emotions ofthe foreign investors are negatives, as they disapprove the stance taken by India; therefore, ‘uproar is the befitting answer. The word in Option (d)° outrageous’ is an adjective; hence eliminated. Peak means the point of highest activity, quality, or achievement. All ofthe given words, except ‘nad’, are synonyms of ‘peak’. Option (a) ie., ‘height’ is very similar to the word peak. Option (d) talks about ‘apex’, which means top point is again similar to height and peak. Therefore, climinated. Option ¢ i.e, ‘Nadir’ means the lowest or most unsuecess il point in a situation is not a synonym of Height Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. Statement [is rueas per the last sentence ofthe fith paragraph, while statement II is true as per the second sentence of the fourth paragraph. However, statement IIT states that itis easy to make profits through an open protocol, which is incorrect as per the first two sentences of the fifth paragraph that states, "The challenge, of course, is making a profit. It’s hard for platforms to monetize an open protocol." Thus, statement IITs false, Hence, option (c) isthe correct answer because statements one and ‘ovo are correct. Option (a) cannot be correct because statement I is correct, but not statement III. Option (b) cannot be true because it says only statement II but slong with statement Il, statement I is also correct. This will be an incomplete answer. Hence, eliminated, Option (d) is incorrect because slatement III does not refer to the correct facts of the passage. The last sentence ofthe second paragraph deseribes what ‘Mastodon’ is. It states, "A more recent intcoduetion comes from Mastodon, a decentralized social network as well as a software, inthe form of AcivityPub' Hence, option (@) is the correct answer. Option (a) is incorrect because Twitter and Facebook are similar social media networking like Mastodon but not Mastodon. Option (b) is incorreet, it because it does not refer to the passage, Option (c) is incorrect because that is what Facebook, Twitter and sites of Google do. The statement in option (a) slates that only a few privileged people would be allowed to host a social network through Bluesky, which is incorrect as per the 4" sentence of the frst paragraph that states, "IP audopted, Bluesky would allow anyone to spin up a Tend Ofice a7, ane i MP Rage, Bhopal [97 0) aE Page zante§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative Is. © @ Twitter clone and host @ social network.” Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. Option (b) is incorrect because the question is which of the following is not true but option (b) is true as ‘mentioned in second paragraph. Option (¢) is not false, as mentioned in the last paragraph, Option (4) is true because it is mentioned in the first line of the first paragraph itself, Henee, eliminated, A tone is particular style or manner, as of writing fr speech; mood, Let us go through options one by ‘one to understand as to why option (b) is the tone of the passage. An analytical tone suggests a logical approach to understanding a given data, The author, by applying logic, derives a certain conclusion out of the information. In the above passage, the author is not just stating facts, but concludes logically Refer io the lines, ‘The challenge, of course, is ‘making a profit, I's hard for platforms to monetize an open protocol,” And, “Then there's Google Search. Google's prowess docsn't come from hhundreds of petabytes stored on index servers, although that docs create a massive barrier to entry for competitors, The company’s dominance comes from its proprietary ranking algorithm, designed to deliver the worthiest links to the top of a user's search results.’ Therefore option (b) is the correct answer. Option (a) is ruled aut as “reflective tone’ indicates a deep meditative stance on a past action fr an event, which is not the ease in here, Option (c) is ruled out, as the tone ‘quixotic’ reflects romanticizing an idea, Option (d) is incorrect as a tone because the author docs not exhibit ‘aggression’ anywhere in the passage. The tone of the passage does not exhibit anger. The third sentence of the fourth paragraph states, ‘Google has been accused of de-ranking certain sites, promoting political biases, or even spreading disinformation.” The paragraph (or the passage) does not mention any tax evasion by Google. Thus, only I, I & IV are true. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. Option (a) is incorrect because it does not include statement Il, which is also part of activities of which Google has been accused of. Option (b) is incorrect because it includes statement IML, which is not one of the activities Google is accused of: Option (d) is incorrect because it missed fot statement 1 Option (a) is incorrect because no such information is available in the given passage, Last paragraph clearly mentions suggestions made by the study that used BEG, Refer to the last paragraph, “We can also train our brains to behave in a more ‘aware’ way by engaging in activities that facilitate greater connection ot neural synchronisation, *..Higher synchronisation has been found following the practice of different contemplative paradigms, such as meditation and prayer. Neuronal synchronisation also correlates with feeling more self- connected...’, ‘making options (b) (c) and (d) correct. “Therefore, 19, 20. 21 ©) @ @ @ referring to the passage, options (b), (¢) and (d) are correct suggestions. Hence, option (a) is correct. Only option (b is corect, Refer tothe frst sentence of the first paragraph of the passage. “William James, the father of Western psychology, in 1902 defined spiritual experiences as states of higher consciousness..."; Hence, option (b) is correct. Option (a) is incorrect because as per second paragraph of the passage, higher state of consciousness has been reported in spiritual traditions, as stated by the author and not the father of the westem psychology, William James. Also, this does not define the term spiritual experience Option (c) is incorrect because it is just a part of the research and does not clearly define spiritual experience. Option (d) is not at all relevant, as it finds no mention in the passage. Therefore, itis incoreet Only option (d) is correct. Refer to the second last sentence ofthe third paragraph of the passage which talks about one of the two aspects of using EEG. Hence, option (d) is correct. Option (a) is incorrect because as per second paragraph, the author is talking about how spiritual like states can be achieved, but the phrase, ‘whether we want it or not’, docs not find a mention inthe passage. Option (b) is incorrect because the statement involves the term conflict between our thoughts and actions and not connectivity across different neural areas as mentioned in the question itself. Option (c) is incorrect because it has no relevance according to the question ‘Embodied! means to include or contain somethit as a constituent part; so, option (@) ‘incorporate,’ which means take in or include something, can said to be its synonym. Hence, option (d) is the correct answer. Option (a) disintegrate means to break up into small parts which is completely opposite of embodied. Option (b) is incorrect because hide means to keep out of sight which has no relation with the term. Hence, option (b) is eliminate. Similarly, option (¢) is incorrect because excluded is antonym of ‘embodied’. Hence, option (4) is Options (a), (4) and (c) are all true. Refer to the last, sentence of the first paragraph, it says that "individual goals can be truly realised only in the context of the whole” and the last line of the last paragraph, “Higher synchronisation bas been found following the practice of different contemplative paradigms, such as meditation and prayer. Neuronal synchronisation also correlates with feeling more self connected, which can, in tum, further increase empathy, ereativty and social effectiveness.” This proves options (b) & (c) 1 be true. Option (a) is also correct because the first paragraph itself talks about one’s inner experience which can be referred to as, one is self-aware because of its inner experiences Hence, option (d) is correct. Options (a), (b) and (©) Tend Ofice a7, Wane i MP Rage, Bhopal [9-7 0) aE PagesarteLEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 22, 23. 24, 25, © @ @ © are subsets to the overall theme of the passage, All| three are interrelated to reach higher synchronicity In the passage, ‘diverse population’ is presented as fa scenario where there is a lack of common background or goal, The other options mention a group that can be homogencous. Homogeneous ‘means of the same kind. Option (a) is homogenous because it talks about collective effort of scientists, Option (b) is homogencous because again it collaborates the scientists together for validity of their findings. Similarly, in option (@) group of tecnagers together become homogeneous. Only ‘option (c) has a possibility ofa heterogeneous group (eclectic fields). Hence, option (c) is the comect In the passage itis stated that natural selection is a ‘process of non-random limination’, based on directional and adaptive changes. Refer to the lines, “The concept of natural selection had remarkable power for explaining directional and adaptive changes.” And, ‘...its mechanism is. simply the climination of inferior individuals. This process of non-random elimination...’ Therefore, option (d) is, the correct answer. Option (a), while true, cannot form the basis of natural selection, as it is not a care concept, but merely a part of the philosophy. The other options (b) and (c) are logically wrong as they are not pertinent to the basie architecture of natural selection, In the given passage look at, ‘Darwin was a holis: for him the object, or target, of selection was primarily the individual as a whole. The gencticists, almost from 1900 on, in a rather reductionist spirit preferred (o consider the gene the target of evolution, In the past 25 years, however, they have largely returned to the Darwinian view that the individual isthe principal target’. That existence and transformation of the individual will shape the species rather than other way round is @ huge break in taditional thought. The individual is thus offered hitherto unrealized responsibility of becoming noble rather than being born noble as a virtue of its species. Therefore, option (a) is correct. The other options are factually incorrect, Option (b) is incorrect because the explanation nowhere talks about aesthetics. Similarly, option (c) is not the shift in existential perception; it is relevant to the geneticist’s philosophy. Therefore, option (¢) is climinated. Option (@) is wrong because passage talks about the individual responsibility and not how individual becomes determined. In the passage it is mentioned that, “By adopting natural selection, Darwin settled the several- thousand year old argument among philosophers over chance or necessity. Change on the earth is the result of both, the first step being dominated by randomness, the second by necessity’. "Chance or necessity are two side of the natural selection, displaying a contrast; therefore option (c) is the 26. 20. 28, 29. @ ) ©) © natural answer. Option (a) gets negated because of this, as ‘homogenous means one similar core concept, Option (b) and (@) have no bearing on cither the passage or the given question. They are completely irrelevant, Hence, option (e) is the In the passage it is given that, ‘A most important principle of the new biological philosophy, undiscovered for almost a century after the publication of On the Origin of Species, is the dual nature of biological processes. These activities are governed both by the universal laws of physics and chemistry and by a genetic program, itself the result of natural selection, which bas moulded the genotype for millions of generations. The causal factor of the possession of a genetic program is ‘unique to living organisms, and it is totally absent in the inanimate world’. The significant shift is that the earlier theory of evolution discarded inanimate world as a functional to the evolution was discarded by the new biological philosophy, that considered the non-living as part of the evolution process, ‘making option (d) the natural choice as the answer. Option (a) is factually incorrect and not supported in the passage. Option (b) has no relevance tothe dual nature of biological process. Hence, itis incorrect. Option (c) is also wrong because rocks and stones have no relevance with the facts and origin of species, Tae evolution theory emphasises on variety and on indeterminacies. A species thrives when these (wo factors are achieved. Even ignoring the philosophical possibilities of these concepts, just on the basis of the survival of a species, random concepts are preferable over rigid laws. Hence, option (b) is correct. Looking atthe facts, option (a) cannot be correct because it does not talk about variety instead talks about stability in long run, Option (c) is incorrect because facts says that on the basis of survival of species, random concepts are preferable over rigid laws and it does not match the statement in option ¢. Option (d) is an illogical statement and hence, should be discarded. Refer to these lines from the last paragraph-"But for the ancients, and for the Orientals, the business of achieving a philosophy was one that engaged the whole man, his total being...” It cleatly makes option b the correct answer. Option (a) is incorrect, because the statement only infers a part of the passage and not the footsteps of ancient philosophers. Option (c) is irrelevant to the question asked, as it is not from the perspective of how a modern man feels. Hence, itis incorrect. Option (4) is incorrect because the passage says that Existentialism is misunderstood as a philosophy. Hence, option (d) is negated. Tend Ofice a7, Zane i MP Rage Bhopal [97 FOG 0) aSSENE Option (a) is partially correct but is vague because it docs not completely justifies Nietzsche's observation, Option (b) is factually incorrect Pages arts§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 34, 35, @ @ @ o @ because Nietzsche's philosophy doesnot, completely clash with the ancient philosophers. As peer the passage the concept of man and philosophy has changed over time is not relevant. Hence, option dis incorrect. According to Nietzsche the base of a philosophy cannot be some rational hypothesis that thas not been tries or tested, but the actual existence and truths of lives for the ancients, and for the Orientals. Therefore, option (c) is the correct Refer to these lines from the Ist paragraph of this extract"Fis aim, in fact, is nothing less than 10 restore to this name its ancient and primitive ‘meaning, a meaning which covers much of the territory we moderns assign to religion, and one which centuries of specialized learning have obscured.” This makes option (b) the correct answer. Options (e) and (a) although look appropriate, are beyond the scope of the given context. Therefore, eliminated. Option (a) is incorrect because it talks about how theories must be altered with respect to modern worldand does not show the main aim of Existentialism, Indian Space Association (ISpA), established in December 2020, is the premier industry association of space and satellite companies. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the ISpA on October 11, 2021. ‘According to ISRO, the current size of the global space economy stands at about USD 360 billion However, India accounts for only about 2% of the space economy with a potential to capture 9% of the global market share by 2030. One of the ISpA's key goals is to support the government's efforts to make India a global leader in commercial space exploration. ISpA will interact with all stakeholders inthe Indian space sector, including the govemment and its agencies to advance policy advocacy. ISpA aims to contribute to the Government of India's vision of making India Atmanirbhar in space sector, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is the father of Indian Space Sector. ISRO is headquartered in the city of Bangalore, Karnataka. ISRO is the space agency under the Department of Space of Government of India, The Minister responsible for the Department ‘of Space is Shri Narendra Modi ‘Mr. Jayant Patil, Whole time Director - Defence & ‘Smart Technologies, is the first Chairman of ISpA. and Mr. Rahul Vaits, Chief Regulatory Officer Bharti Airtel and Director - OneWeb India is the Vice Chairman. Lt Gen. A.K. Bhatt (Retd) is the Director General of the Association, 36. 37. 40. 41 2. 44, 45, 46. © © @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ) ) The people of Assam saw the birth of a new district ice. the United Mikir and North Cachar Hills District, ‘on the 17th November'1951 , The new distriet was formally created on the aforesaid date vide Govt. notification No, TAD/R,31/50/201 Did, the 3rd ‘November'1951 with some parts of the districts. of Sivasagar (now Golaghat), Nagaon, Cachar and United Khasi and Jayantia Hills district of present Meghalaya for all round development of the tribal folk of the Central Assam, This was followed by bifurcation of the erstwhile district of United Mikit and North Cachar Hills district into two seperate districts under banner as "Mikir Hills" and North Cachar Hills district in the year 1970. The Mikir Hill district was again rechristened as "Karbi Anglong, District" w.e.f the 14th October'l976 vide Govt. About the Sixth Schedule: As of now, 10 autonomous councils exist in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. This special provision is provided under Article 244(2) and Article 275(1) of the Constitution ‘According to the Memorandum of Settlement, greater autonomy will be devolved to the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council; the identity, language, culture of Karbi people will be protected; and more focused development carried out in the Council area. The government will also consider notifying Karbi language as the offical language of the Counel ‘At least one-third of the seats will be reserved for women in the village and municipal couneils in the Sixth Schedule arcas of Assam, Mizoram and Tripura after the amendment is approved Fach distrit is an autonomous district and Governor can modify / divide the boundaries ofthe said Tribal areas by notification It amalgamates three ombudsman schemes of RBI = banking ombudsman scheme of 2006, ombudsman scheme for NBFCs of 2018 and ombudsman scheme of digital transactions of 2019. The Executive Director-in charge of Consumer Education and Protection Department of RBI would be the Appellate Authority under the Scheme. In addition to integrating the three existing schemes, the Scheme also includes under its ambit Non- cheduled Primary Co-operative Banks with a deposit size of _50 crore and above. The Scheme adopts ‘One Nation One Ombudsman’ approach by ‘making the RBI Ombudsman mechanism jurisdiction neutral, The redressal will continue to be cost-free for customers of banks and members of the public: Originating in Sweden in 1809, an ombudsman is generally regarded as an official body of complaint ‘which protects individuals against abuses of power and maladministration, The UN climate agency has managed to redeem itself somewhat at COP26, The conference, which concluded in Glasgow on November 13, resolved Tend Ofice a7, Wane HP Rage Bhopal 9-0) aE Pages arte§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 4. 48, 49. 51 33, 54, 55, O) @ @ O) © © @ @ © the Iong-pending issue of carbon markets that had held back the finalisation of rules for the implementation ofthe Paris Pact. The COP27 Suramit will be hosted by Egypt in the year 2022 India will reduee the total projected carbon cmissions by one billion tonnes from now onwards till 2030, By 2030, India will reduce the carbon intensity ofits economy by less than 45 percent. So, by the year 2070, India will achieve the target of Net Zero, Under the Paris Agreement, 195 counties set a target to keep average global temperature change below 2°C and as close as possible to 1.5°C. Before COP26, the planet was on course for a dangerous 27°C ‘of global warming. Based on new announcements made during the Conference, experts estimate that we are now on a path to between 1.8°C and 2.4°C of warming, In today's conclusions, Parties have now agreed to revisit their commitments, as necessary, by the end of 2022 to put us on track for 1.5°C of warming, maintaining the upper end of ambition under the Paris ‘Agreement The EU aims to be climate-neutal by 2050. Germany and Sweden have committed to reach carbon neutrality by 2045. China has seta target of 2060 to reach carbon neutrality ‘As per the index, India’s rank sipped by around 6 places and is ata rank of 90 in this lst that takes a look at some ofthe most travel friendly passports in the world Japan and Singapore ranked fist with those passport holders being allowed entry into as many as 192 countries, with this being the third time consecutively for Japan, Currently, the five most powerful passports are: 1, Japan, Singapore 2. Germany, South Korea 3. Finland, laly, Luxembourg, Spain 4. Austria, Denmark 5. France, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden US holds 16° rank in the ist. Henley Passport Index is released by Henley & Partners founded in 1997. The Passport Index was first released in 2006. Henley & Partners is a privately held company headquartered in London, UK. Christian H. Kalin is the chairman of the company. India fell down to the 90t8 position, with its passport holders allowed to travel visa-ffee to 58 countries. India shares the rank wih Tajikistan and Burkina Faso. Increasing the upper gestation limit from 20 to 24 weeks for special categories of women, including survivors of rape, victims of incest ‘and other vulnerable women (differently abled women, minors, among other). 57, ss, 89. 60. 61 2. 64, 65, ) @ @ ©) (a © ) ) © The criteria for seeking abortions between 20 and 24 weeks includes sexual assault, rape or incest, minors, widowhood and divorce during the rognancy, women with physical disabilities, ‘mentally ill women, fetal abnormalities which may Tead to physical or mental abnormalities after birth, or emergencies. state-level medical board will be set up to decide if pregnancy may be terminated after 24 weeks in cases of foetal malformation, The medical boards are to either accept or reject the proposal for medical termination of pregnancy Within three days of receiving the request. Tae abortion procedure has to be done with five days of the board receiving the request for the same, The Act requires abortion to be performed only by doctors with specialisation in gynaecology or obstetrics. As there is a 75% shortage of such doctors in community health centres in rural areas, prognant women may continue to find it difficult to access facilities for safe abortions. In the carlier law, 1 RMP till 12 weeks and two MPs till 20 Weeks. Under the New rules, 1 RMP. Lill 20 Weeks and 2 RMPs tll 20-24 weeks. Among the states with over 100 urban local bodies, Chattisgarh was ranked on top for the third consecutive year, followed by Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh; Bihar, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan were ranked last Kamataka and Mizoram became the “Fastest Mover States" in the big (more than 100 ULBs) and small (less than 100 ULBs) state category respectively. The 'Swachh Amrit Mahotsav’ event was organised by the Union Ministry of Housing and Urban A@airs (MOHUA) where President Ram Nath Kovind awarded the cities for being cleanest The ‘Safaimitra Suraksha Challenge’ was launched last year by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs on the occasion of World Toilet Day to eradicate human fatalities from hazardous cleaning of sewers and septic tanks. Chandigarh bas been adjudged best performing ‘union territory in the ‘Safaimitra Suraksha Challenge’ category. November 19" is observed as the ‘World Toilet Day’ Varanasi emerged as the cleanest Ganga Town, followed by Munger and Pata in Bihar, ‘Ahmedabad Cantonment won the title of ‘India's Cleanest Cantonment. Maharashtra's Vita city was the cleanest city in the population category of “less than one lakh”, Vijaywada is the third cleanest city in the population category of ‘more than | million’. Indore and Surat being the fist and the second city respectively. Tend Ofice a7, Wane HP Rage Bhopal [9-0 aE Paget arts§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative ECTION 66, 67, 68, 69, 70. (@) Option (d) is correct because the court reated set of direction including the fact that there will be no scrutiny committee for the disbursement process of the compensation as according to the passage the victims have already faced enough harassment. Option (a) is incorrect because the Supreme Court ‘was justified and there was no need of @ scrutiny committee for the dispersal of compensation to COVID 19 vietims, Option (b) is incorrect because there was no need of scrutiny committee at all but Option does not give an elaborate explanation as to why for the same, as given in the passage. Option (©) is incorrect because the court did not direct that there will be a scrutiny committee that will keep an eye on the dispersal of compensation to covid victims, itis contradictory to what is provided in the passage (4) Option (d) is correct because according to the passage and the fact there was an attempt to overreach the judgement of the Supreme Court justifies the action of the court, Option (@) is incorrect because the court had not set the orders for setting up any other committees along with the scrutiny committee, Option (b) is incorrect because the court was justified for deciding that there was no need of scrutiny committee for the disbursement of the compensation and the option states the contrary Option (c) is incorrect because it does not give an elaborate explanation as per the passage, (by Option (b) is correct as even though the passage does not explicitly state the non requirement of the scrutiny committee, it can still be derived from the passage as the first line itself states that the court rapped the state government for constituting. the committee, meaning it was not required... Option (a) is incorrect owing to the same logic. Option (c) is incorrect because as itis given in. the passage that there was an attempt to overreach the judgement of the Supreme Court. Option (d) is incorrect because the court was justified for deciding the same and it gives no explanation as to why its asserting the non justification, (©) Option (c) is correct because the Supreme Court clearly declared that there was no need of constituting of the scrutiny committee. Option (a) is incorrect as the passage no where mentions that the court stated the constitution of scrutiny committee as an important factor. Option (b) is incorrect as itis contradictory to the information given in the passage... Option (d) is incorrect because there was no need of scrutiny committee so the state government was not justified and the court was justified (b) Option (b) is the correct answer because there was no need of constituting a scrutiny committee because it was declared by the court as per the passage. Option (a) is incorrect as itis contradictory n n. w, 14 15, ) © (a) @ © to the stand taken by the Court in the passage. Option (¢) is incorrect because itis not mentioned in the passage that there was a need of constitution of scrutiny committee for looking into the matter of disbursement of compensation to the covid-19) victims, Option (d) is incorrect because the aspect of state governments right to constituted the scrutiny committee is not given and the passage, Option (b) is correct because the statement is false as there was no need for constituting scrutiny committee for keeping an eye on the disbursement process of compensation. Option (a) is incorrect ‘because the statement is true as there was no need of constituting a scrutiny committee for disbursement process. Option (¢) is incorrect because the statement is true as the court clearly observed that there was no need of constituting scrutiny committee for covid-19 vietims’ compensation process. Option (d) is incorrect because it is the essence of the passage that the court was not happy With the decision of state government regarding, restitution of scrutiny committee as it has explicitly mentioned, Option A is incorrect as Zoe was also at fault. She started crossing the busy street on foot being engrossed in her phone. Option B is incorrect as there was contributory negligence, Therefore, A cannot be held liable to pay compensation. Option C is correct as Z's negligence contributed to the accident, because both A and Z were responsible to look out for each other, Option D is incorrect as it ‘was Aman's duty (o take reasonable precautions were driving. Therefore, if Zoe was trying to cross the street Aman should have been careful. Option A is correct as Slimey crossed the road only when the pedestrian light was green, which implies that A ran in a red light, knowing fully well that this could cause an accident, Option B is incorrect as the {actual situation does not mention that he hit Slimey intentionally... Option C is incorrect as Slimey took all reasonable precautions, He was crossing the road when the pedestrian light was green. Therefore, he cannot be held negligent. Option D is incorrect as Andre is the party who is at fault, since he ran a red light. There is no negligence from Slimey's side. Parking of his ear wrongly is not connected to the accident in any way. Option A is correct as it was the responsibility of A to check before opening the door of his vehicle and Z cannot be accounted for any mistake as he could not have, in any way, foreseen the act. Option B is incorrect as being iS hurry is not an excuse or negligent act. Option C is incorrect as Z did not contribute to the injury. He was simply riding his bicycle, Option D is incorrect as the reasoning is ‘very general, Option A is incorrectas it was Zo's fault that he was. walking on train tracks in an inebriated state. Option B is incorrect as this is a case of contributory Tend Ofice a7, Wane i Rage, Bhopal [97-0] aE Page TartsLEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 76, 7. 78, 1, 80, 81 @ @ @ @ © @ negligence where both the parties- plaintiff and defendant were at fault. Therefore, the railway authorities cannot be asked to pay compensation Option C is correct as Zo's negligence also contributed to the cause of the accident and therefore, the railway authorities cannot be held liable. Option D is incorrect as the defense plaintiff is the wrongdoer or volenti non fit injuria will not apply, since itis a case of contributory negligence. Both Zo and the guard were at fault Option A is correct as A clearly had the ‘last chance! to avoid hitting the bike on the road, even though Z had negligently parked the vehicle. Therefore, A will be liable to pay the compensation. Option B is incorrect as the reasoning provided in option A is more comprehensive, The reasoning in option b is quite general and does not pertain directly to the question, Option C is incorrect as A was driving at a very high speed and he had the last opportunity to avoid the accident. Option D is incorrect as A had the last chance to avoid the accident, Therefore, he vill be liable. Option B is incorrect as a blanket ban on dance performances is violative of least intrusive test and the fundamental right to practice any profession of choice of the bar dancers. therefore option A and C booth are correct.Thus, option D is the right option. As jiven in the passage “The courts, while distinguishing online gaming from gambling, have dissected whether the game in question is a game of chance of one of skill.” As the games are based on the skills ofthe student therefore A and C both are incorrect and in between option B and D option D is, ‘most appropriate choice as in certain situations involvement of money may amout to wagering, The game is based on the knowledge of players, ‘acumen and skill ofthe participant instead of chance as also given in the passage “The courts, while distinguishing online gaming from gambling, have dissected whether the game in question is a game of chance or one of skill” Therefore option D is correct. Option A and C are incorrect owing to the same logic. Option B is incorrect as involvement of | money may amount to wagering in certain situations “Ludo” is a game of dice which primarily dotermines who will win the game therefore involves the chance and stake raised on the game of chance amounts to wagering as also given in the passage “The courts, while distinguishing online xaming from gambling, have dissected whether the ‘game in question is a game of chance or one of Skill.” therefore option C is most appropriate choice. Option A and D are ineorrect owing to the same logic. Option B is incorrect as involvement of ‘money may amount to wagering in certain situations Option (a) is correct because the court was justified in its position because according to the passage i is, 82. 83, 84, 86. @ ) © @ (a) clarified that a person having no clear whereabouts known to Court cannot be granted protection. Option (bis incorrect because the court did not give protection to the police commissioner. Option (c) is ‘incorrect because the court was justified for denying him protection. Option (4) is incorrect because the court was justified for deciding the same and the police commissioner was indeed abseonding. Option (@) is correct because according to the passage the court should not have granted the protection to the police commissioner as he was absconding. Option (a) is incorrest as per the passage, the Court must know his wehereabouts before granting him protection. Option (b) is correct because it does not provide a proper explanation as per the passage forthe same.. Option (©) is incorrect because his whereabouts were not known thus as per the passage the protection should not have been granted Option (b) is correct because it was important forthe court to know his whereabouts and the court was justified in denying him protection. Option (a) is incorrect because the court was right in is approach but the Option docs not give an exlanationfor the same. Option (@) is incorrect because whether he was absconding or not and the court must know bis ‘whereabouts before granting him protection. Option (@) js incorrect because irrespective of him being a police commissioner he should not be granted protection if his whereabouts were not known. Option (b) is correct because there were no whereabouts of the police commissioner so the Court was justified in denying him protection. Option (a is incorrect because irrespective of being a police commissioner he would not be granted any protection Option (c) is incorrect because the court ‘was right in its decision. Option (A) is incorrect because even though the court was sight in its decision, this Option docs not give an explanation as to why it was right. Option (a) is correct because the statement is true as whereabouts of person is an_important factor for being granted protection. Option (b) is incorrectowing 10 the same logic. Option () is incorrect because it makes a contradictory assertion as the court has the power to deny the protection of a police commissioner. Option (b) is incorrect because the passage does not talk about the right to protection, Option (2) is comect because whereabouts of a person is an important factor for being granted protection and the statement is false. Option (b) is incorrect because this statement is true as the whereabouts of a person is required by the court to grant him protection. Option () is incorest because again it makes a corect statement by saying that the court has the right to deny granting protection tothe accused persons as soen in the passage. Option (d) is incorrect because the statement is true as Tend Ofice a7, Wane i Rage Bhopal [9G 0] aE Paget arts§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 87, 88, 89, 90, 91 O) © ) © O) whereabouts of a police commissioner is also important for granting him the protection by the court Option A is incorrect as A had agreed to try of soft drink and not of whiskey. Option B ise as. even though he had accepted to try alcohol, that consent would not be sufficient as the process was ccut short by the arrival of E. The whiskey was mixed to A's soft. drink bottle which means the administration was without his knowledge ot consent, Option C is incorrect as C and D mixed strong whiskey to A’s bottle, thus administering him alcohol without his knowledge. Option D is incorrect as the reasoning docs not mention “administered without his knowledge” which is an important ingredient. It only gives a factual reasoning and not a legal one. Option A is incorrect as the passage deals with intoxication as a defense, Thus, protection under state sovereignty is not related to the passage. Option B is incorrect as A consumed alcohol on account of his own free will, thus he cannot claim the defense, Option C is correct as itis clear in the given case that A consumed alcohol under his own freewill and consent. Here the consumption was not against his knowledge or his will. Thus, the defense under section 85 of IPC is not available to A. Option 1D is incorrect as the reasoning is wrong. A should not be granted the defense because he willfully consumed alcohol. Option A is incorrect as it is not in line with the reasoning of the passage, the passage does not talk about sanity. Option B is correct as the passage slates, “Section 85 deals with offences committed under the influence of drugs or alcohol.” Thus, section 85 is not only limited to alcohol and alcohol cconsumption-based offenses. In the given facts, itis clear that the drug was administered forcefully Therefore, Y can plead the defense of intoxication under section 85. Option C is incorrect as the question does not mention that the assault happened after 3 hours. Therefore, it cannot be inferred Option D is incorrect as Section 85 deals with drug and aleohol usage. It is also mentioned in the passage. Option A is incorrect as he came home in a self induced intoxicated state, thus cannot claim the defence, Option B is incorrect as the reasoning i incomplete as it does not relate the act with the legal principle given in the passage. Option C is correct, as his action of saving her wife is enough to prove that he knew the consequences of his act, this means hhe was in the state of knowing his actions of burning. Option D is incorrect as the passage does rot deal with murder. Option A is incorrect as M consumed alcohol on account of his own free will, thus he cannot claim the defense. Option B is correct as the defense is only available when an intoxicating substance is 92, 93, 94, 95, @ © © ) forcefully administered or administered without the knowledge. In the present case, M was under self induced intoxication. Option C is incorrect as not being in the right state of mind is no defense, nor can ithe inferred from the passage. Option D is incorrect, as willful consumption is provided under section 86 not section 85, Option A is valid as the passage states “the first marriage must be subsisting” as one of the conditions for a bigamy. In this case, the first ‘marriage has been dissolved by virtue of the divorce being granted by the court. Hence, the second marriage shall be valid. As the first marriage is dissolved, the second marriage cannot be void. Hence, Option B is invalid. Option C is invalid has merely Mr, Radhe and Ms, Meher going to hotels and vacations does not conclude the offence of Bigamy and only after the first marriage was dissolved, the second marriage was solemnized and hhence, Rade did not commit the offence of Bigamy. Further, Option D is invalid as no fact in the question is against the validity of the first marriage and there is no offence of bigamy as well, Thus, Option A is valid. Option A is invalid as it has been clearly stated that Venereal Disease isa valid ground for divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 and the same shall not bbe contended, Option B is invalid as it has not been slated in the passage that a petition filed for divore docs not lead to the second marriage being void. It is only the appeal against the decree of dissolution of marriage that does not amount to offence of Bigamy and does not make the second marriage void. Hence, Mr. Ravi has committed the offence of Bigamy and Option C is valid, Option D is invalid as this isa petition for divorce and not an appeal. If the appeal was dismissed then no offence of bigamy is committed but the same does not apply to a petition for divorce as the first marriage is still vali, Option A is invalid as the decree for divorce has been passed by the court and the first marriage is invalid which docs not make the second marriage void. Option B isnot the most appropriate option as although iti true thatthe first marriage is dissolved, ‘the option does not answer the question of the offence of bigamy. Option C is valid as it has been stated in the passage that ifthe appeal is dismissed, the offence of bigamy will not be attracted. Hence, the fate if the petition, ic., if the petition is dismissed, Mr. Pankaj will not be liable for bigamy. Option D is invalid as the first marriage has been dissolved and the appeal against the same is still pending. The offence of bigamy cannot be determined as of now. Hence, Option C stands valid. Option A is invalid as when the appeal succeeds, it logically means thatthe first marriage was valid and \was not dissolved and hence, the second marriage is void. Option B is valid as the spouse has married again during the first marriage being valid and the Tend Ofice a7, Zane i MP Rage, Bhopal [9a 0 aE Pages arts§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 96, 97, 98, 99, @ @ & O) offence of bigamy shall be attracted. Option C isnot valid as the second marriage was never valid in the first place and cannot be said to be dissolved as only a valid marriage can logically be dissolved. Option Dis invalid as the appeal has succeeded and the first, ‘marriage remains valid, Hence, Option B isthe most appropriate option. Option A is the correct answer as the passage states that alongwith the publication being true, an involvement of public good has to be attached as, well in order for truth to be a defence, in this particular situation the publication was made as a prank with no public good in mind, Option C is incorrect owing to the same logic.. Option B is incorrect as bringing shame or not is not thee only termining factor, other factors have to be seen as well... Option D is incorrect as the publication even though intended to poke fun was defamatory. Option A is correct as fair and honest comments or criticisms made in public interest are defenses available against a suit for defamation., Option B is incorrect as fair and honest comments or criticisms made in public interest are defenses available against a suit for defamation. Option ¢ is incorrect as it only mentions that the statements, he made ‘were true, But as per the passage honest criticism in ppublic interest is an exception to law of defamation, Option d is incorrect asthe journalist published the article keeping in mind public interest Option A is incorrect as the reasoning does not ‘mention the term “published” which is important to prove defamation just finding the information with any intention would not fall under the purview of delamation, Option B is correct as according to the passage, Section 499 requires that a statement intended to be read must be published. In this case, the student circulated it without checking the veracity ofthe information, Moreover, he was aware that such a piece of information can definitely injure the victim's reputation. Option C is incorrect as Section 499 requires that a statement intended to be read must be published. The student circulated it among his friends, also it did not do any public good, Thus, he would be liable, Option D is incorrect as publication means communication to a third party. Therefore, it is immaterial that the information went viral. Whea the college student circulated the same to his fiends it amounted to publication, Option A is incorrect as C was aware that B didn’t know Urdu and thus would ask someone else to read the letter, Therefore, it doesn’t matter whether C knew any other language or not. Option B is ‘neorrect since it does not provide a legal reasoning and only gives factual information..Option C is incorrect as Bis not liable for defamation, Option D is the correct answer as the content of the letter was defamatory and it was read by a third person, making C Tiabe. 100. ol 102. 103, 104. 108. 106. @ (a @ @ ws () om © Option A is incorrect as it does not provide any reasoning. Option B is incorrect as the defendants failed to clearly state that the person refereed in the article was a barman, Option C is incorrect as freedom of speech and expression has restrictions, ‘one of which is defamation. Option D is correct as the village people after reading the article thought of the barber. Thus, his reputation was injured. Since importing tariffs are a valid imposition by the government, and since they were not being subjected to any violations of Fundamental Rights because there is no blanket ban, options b and d are incorrect. Option ¢ is incorrect because the passage is silent on this issue, ince the facts clearly depict a scenario wherein the restrictions placed are for justified and valid reasons, thus, the action won't sustain. Options b and. care incorrect owing to the same reasoning. Option ais incorrect since a restriction placed by law is not sufficient to exclude it from the ambit of judicial relief Hero, the question for consideration is one of FRs existing of not without a written constitution, which is not considered by the above-mentioned passage. Thus, options a and b are incorrect. Option ¢ is incorrect on account of assuming the force of FRs existing without a written constitution. ince the position of law stands as prohibitory of ‘commercial surrogacy, the same cannot be assumed here on account of this not being a case of commercial surrogacy, Option b is incorrect due to the same, and option ¢ is incorrect on account of surrogacy not involving any sexual involvement. Option D is not required. The constitution of India clearly states that the High Court shall have the power to issue writs against the action of any subordinate courts, ora first instance, for the protection of FRs under article 226, Thus, options ac and dare incorrect, as article 32 envisages the wrt jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India D:LOG The given question stem asks the logie of the author behind the given statement. Refer to the lines, *If technology were to be the backbone of our existence as a species, then it becomes all the more relevant that it is developed with equal participation ffom women too.’ The author has stated that Technology may become the backbone of our species’ existence and women being. a part of the same need to be included more and more in the technology industry, Henee, C is the tight answer Options A is untruc as the author in the passage does not address “women empowerment’ as the basis of the argument, but the fact that women bring diverse talent that will be vital and is a much-needed gender balance in a male-dominated industry. Option B is Tend Ofice a7, Wane i MP Rage Bhopal [9-0 aE Page Tart§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 107. 108, 109. 110. untrue as nowhere in the passage is there @ mention ‘of women complementing the thought-process of ‘men, On the contrary, women will bring diversity in thinking, Refer to the line, ‘Itis, therefore, important to expand the talent pipeline and make gender diversity the core to hiring.” Since option A is unsuited as the answer, Option D is ruled out. (@) Refer to the lines, ‘At the undergraduate level, $1 percent of student enrolments are by males and 49 percent by females across India; for PhDs, itis 56.18 percent by males and 43.82 percent by fernales; and for integrated levels, it is $7.50 percent for males and 42.50 percent for females. While more needs to bbe done to encourage more women to continue pursuing their education, there has been good progress over the last few decades." Ifthe statement above is true, then percentage of women dropping ‘out after the initial enrolment means a decrease in the participation in the STEM field, making option D as the viable choice. may be possible that the number of female students has increased only ‘marginally, but in terms of percentage, the progress appears significant. Henee, option B, weakens the author's argument. In option B, the author states ‘percentages to prove that there has been significant progress in the enrolment statisties of women students. However, ifthe seats have been reduced, it still does not indicate a decrease in the percentage, as the number of seats reducing does not indicate a ‘percentage decrease. Option A is out of scope as it is vague, ‘Many women’ is not an accurate indication of either an increase or a decrease, Option strengthens the argument. (©) Option C is correct as the author says that technology sector needs gender diversity, hence, C. is the correct answer, ‘The author does not talk about the time period when India was known as the back-office of the world, hence, option (a) is untrue, the author does not talk about’ the development of any disruptive technologies in the recent years and gives India at Teast 10 years before it becomes a start-up hub, ‘making option (b) incorrect. Option (4) is incorrect as the information in the passage is that India in less than a decade became the third-largest start-up hub and not the second largest. (©) Women entering the field would give a much- needed balance to the male-dominated industry. The author is stating this, assumes that the balance will bbe reached as women will bring a fresh perspective to innovation. Hence, C. isthe right answer. Options (a) and (b) are incorrect as the passage is not about different skillsets. Skillsets will be similar; itis the different perspective to innovation that will complement each other. Option (d) is ruled out because of the expression ‘only’ which is an extreme take, (©) The operative word in the author's argument is ‘core’. Option C states that gender diversity should UL. m2. 113. la. us. 116. © © © @ © © ‘be a part ofthe metrics, but would clearly come after skillsets and value-addition and hence, option C weakens the author’s argument that gender diversity should be core to hiring that is should be the most important factor in the hiring process, Option (a) is incorrect as skill sets cannot be the sole marker There are many factors that come into while selecting a candidate, The option does not address the issue; therefore, cannot weaken. Option (b) partially weakens, but the fact that their managerial skills are seen not to be strong does nothing to the argument as the passage indicates the inclusion of women in technology, where their cerebral skills are sought after for innovation and not managerial skills. Also, even if we were to isolate the sentence as a one-off, then to to address the weak managerial skills of all women is taking it to extreme. Since option (c) isthe answer, option (4) is ruled out The author states in the passage that the shift from inter-state to intra-state conflicts has meant that the vast majority of victims are civilians, Hence, the answer is C. Option (a), (b) and (d) have not been mentioned in the passage with respect to the question stem. The passage concludes by saying that the Indian peacekeeping forces can serve as lessons to the world. Hence, C. A is not discussed in the passage. Bis incorrect as passage as itis directly stated in the passage. D is an illogical derivation, The passage clearly states that statistical analysis shows that SEA is a problem plaguing the UN peacekeeping forces. It also provides statistics on the number of cases filed in this regard, Hence, the reason behind the author's assertion is the statistical analysis, Thus, the option is B, Option A is vague and is not pertinent (o the question stem. Option C is far-fetched; it does not find a mention in the passage. Option D is not related to the particular issue; it is more to do with why war rapes have sereased. All the given statements show that itis not the nature of the conflict which has led to the majority of vietims being civilians. Option A states that itis the fear-inducing tactics adopted by the terrorists (Wwho can be inter-state or intra-state) which have led to this inerease, option B and C show how even inter~ state conflits civilian population is affected. Hence, all the aforementioned statements weaken the author's statement and D. isthe right answer. The passage states that the Indian peacekeeping forces have not received lower complaints since 2013 through strict adherence to the UN's “zero- tolerance policy’ against SEA. Hence, option C is the answer. Options A, B and C do not find a ‘mention in the passage; therefore, are incorrect. Option C is correct because it indicates incorrect formation about the passage. A leader docs not conceal the vision of accomplishment, but shows Tend Ofice a7, ane HP Rage Bhopal [9 FOG 0 aE Page tarts§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 117. is, 19. 120. 121 @ @ @ @ and represents it. Options A, B and D are incorrect, because they all are providing relevant and factual information about the passage. Option A is correct because it provides relevant information about the passage; in fact, it can be inferred from the entire passage as it carries the very essence of the passage. Option B is incorrect because as stated in the passage, itis inconceivable {or the higher position power to keep a relationship. Option Cis incorrect because leadership in schooling or education is joined by the observance or attentiveness of the given triangle. Option D is also incorrect because not all the given options are incorrect. Option A in all strengthens the argument about honesty in a leader as the chief quality. Option B is not the intent of the passage as we cannot find any such information to corroborate the facts. Also discouraging people to not to take up managerial task is not a sigh of a good leader. Option C is incorrect because it accurately strengthens the discussions about a dishonest leader. Option D is incorrect as it contrary tothe gist ofthe passage. Option A is correct because as stated in the passage, it is inconceivable for the leader to form a relationship or to propel the employees constantly The conjunction ‘or’ conveys the latter part of the sentence to be contradictory to the first part, Since the first part shows the dilemma of focusing on relationship, itis the contradiction of driving them constantly that is the best expression, Options B, C and D are incorrect because they indicate a different ‘meaning to the desired. Option (b) and (c) are incorrect because of the expressions ‘erratically and ‘sporadically’, They mean irregularly, more at the whim of the leader, which is not what the message conveys. Option (d) is wrong as it is contrary to the essence of the passage. Option C is correct because it accurately justifies as to why a good leader is needed in management. Refer to the lines, “To manage an organization in a smooth way good leader is required. Management leadership is required to maintain a smooth relation between the authority and the employees.” Options A, Band D are incorrect because they do not justify the context of the question, Option A talks of the higher authority. Option B is irrelevant in the context ofthe passage as it finds no support. Option Disa leader in an orgainsation that is different from organization of management. Statements 1, 2 and 4 can be taken out form the passage either directly or indirectly. They also form the basis of the passage. Option 4 is contrary to what hhas been mentioned in the passage. Itis the other way round. Option 4 is a deduction of the last two lines of the passage, Refer to the lines, “By scrapping the ECA quota, not only have talented students been denied the opportunity of studying at DU, but DU has been deprived of the brilliant and 122. 123. 124. 128. 126. © ©) @ (@ @ powerful ideas and expressions these students ‘would have added to its environment." Although the author refers to DU, it is also true of other universities. -3 only. The advantage of ECA being inclusive is clearly mentioned in the last line of first paragraph, The author in fact supports reasons on why ECA is even more relevant today, s0 1 is ruled out, and it ‘would be a flawed argument to claim that the only talents emerging belong to ECA; given that the passage talks of artistic talent in particular in the passage. Statement 2 is not supported by the passage. The expression ‘only’ is ruled out, Statement 4 is incorrect as not necessarily will ECA, find relevance beyond the confines of study room. The passage talks about how premicr universities tend to weigh students on a holistic approach. They consider academic and non-academic pursuits into consideration, The author of the passage hasn’t mentioned much to support of how and what is flawed in our present approach, especially since it's the DU that isthe target and not much has been said about other universities, making statement 1 incorrect. Statement 3 is incorrect as it not relevant to the question stem, Since statements 1 and 3 are incorrect, all ofthe following cannot be the answer, making option (d) incorrect, All of the above, All the options are clearly stated in the passage. Refer to the lines, “Extra-curricular activities aren't just hobbies that students at DU pursue; they ate often the most defining part of theit college lives. They enable students to form new perspectives about society, register dissent against oppression, share their ideas with the world, and pursue myriad undiscovered paths. It is no surprise then that some of the country’s greatest artistic talent has emerged from this university.” Since all have been mentioned in the statements explicitly or implicitly, option (4) isthe correct choice. The main argument is part of the introduction of the filings ofthe examination system. From here on the author introduces the need for ECA. Option A is best suited, as an introduction is a prelude to a more elaborate discussion on the subject matter. The statement isnot an isolated case; hence, it is aligned with the passage. Option B is incorrect as the statement perfectly blends with the overall theme. Option C may appear close, but the statement doe not take the passage on the same lines. The author did not intend to criticize the examination system throughout the passage, but used the statement 10 press the need for ECA, Option D is wrong as the main statement is not a parallel argument in the passage, ‘None of the options can be inferred from the above statement, Options A and B are extremes with the expression ‘only’, Option C is ruled out as it expresses emotional venting. The correct option is Tend Ofice a7, Wane MP Rage, Bhopal [97 0 aE Page eats§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 127. 128, 129, 130, 131 132, 133. 134, 135, © © @ ® @ © ) ) @ D, none of the above, as none of the options can be correctly inferred from the statement. Option 1 and 2 find no mention in the passage. Option C is in accordance with the passage. Option Dis contrary to the passage, jption 1 is vague because of the use of the words. iny person”. Option 2 is incorrect as it is not an absolute duty. Under certain circumstances, a Inwyer may refuse to accept a brief: Option C is the correct answer, a8 it is the correct deduction from the passage, Option D is contrary to the very essence of the passage; therefore, is ruled out. This is an easy question. Refer to the argument, “This obviously meant that any other lawyer accepting the brief for the Chinese App would be considered ‘ANTI NATIONAL.” It is wrong to assume that those who do not show their patriotism by not accepting the briefs are essentially anti national, It is an argument based on a faulty conclusion, Option A is incorrect asa promise is the ‘support or the reason that the author provides for an argument to draw a conclusion. The premise (The same became the talk of the town praising them for showing their patriotism.) was a fact that was only ‘put up by the author to draw a reverse conclusion. Options C and D are far-fetched as they deviate from the question stem, Both are wrong as answers. Exception exists means that lawyers ean refuse to accept a brief, rare circumstances, but the exception does exist. Option A is incorrect. Option B is the right answer choice. Option C is contrary to what is, ‘mentioned in the passage, and so is the case with option D, making it as an incorrect option Hint [131-133]: The entire information can be tabulated as given below: Person [AC Tv] ‘Anand —| Samsung | Onida | David | Panasonic | Samsung] Bhanu —[Onida [LG] Eshwar | Videocon | Son Chandy [LG Panasonie ‘The person who has Samsung AC is Anand, The person who has Onida AC is Bhanu, TThe person who has Sony TV is Eshwar. Qtook off before T, R took off before Q, P took off before U and S took of before Q. Hence, none of P, Q, R, Sand U isthe last one to take off. Hence, Tis the last one to takeoff, Hence, T is the last one to takeoff, The given statements can be represeilted in the following basic diagram. ome Onrnis as j a 136, 137. 138, 139. 140, From the above basic diagram, Conclusion 1, affirmative, follows, Conclusion’ Il, affirmative, does not follow. «Only conclusion I follows. Ne ENTS Hint [136-140]: Price of diesel in Pakistan = Rs SO/L. Price of diese in India = 2% = 100 Rs80VL Price of diesel in Iran = £2 x 2= Rs 20/L. Price of petal in India ~22 x 9= Rs 901, Total price of diesel including all countries = 65 RS 260 Price of diesel in France 260 — (50 + 80 + 20) RS. HO Price of petal in ran = 2, 100 =Rs25L Total pice of pevo in all counties = 3x 425 R300 Price of etl in Pak& France together = 300 — (25 + 90) Ress County [Few | Die inda[ 90 [80 Tak 30 France| !85 10 Tran [35 [30 (a) Required dlense —300=260 sto (0) Price opto in Pak = 2% » 100 Re 60 300 ~ (60 + 90 + Price of petrol in France 25) = Rs 125 Required difference = 125 ~ 60 Rs65 (4) Required ratio = $55 = 37:32 (@ Required % = 223% 100 = 125% (6) Cannot be determined Hint [141-145]: Leto, of boys in class No. of girls in class “Y" No.of boys in class “Y" No.of iin class x =222= 50x Total no of students in class 'X? 100% + S0x= 150% 100x 100x 100x + 10 Total no. of students in class *Y" 100x + 100x + 10 200x + 10 Tend Ofice a7, ane HP Rage Bhopal [97-0 aE Page eas§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative 141 142. 143. 14, 14s. 146, x Y Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls Too _[50__[ 110 [100 Mentor in cass X= 22% 100 = 40 Mentor in class Y= 100 = 60 nest'y's00 (a) Required difference = 60- 40 = 20 (@) Total no. of students in Class ‘2° (@) Required ditfeence = 100 + 110- 50- 100 210-150 0 (©) Tal no. of gis who filed = 2x50 422 x 100 re =95 (d) Scale Il officers in bank 'C’ = 24 9000-900 60 ~ 900 = 1260 Seale Il oficersinbank*A! 25 9000 ~ 450 = 900 Required %o= 28x 100 147. 148, 149. 150, = 22 x 100 = 40% (6) Scale [officer in bank 'B and"E! together = 600 + 750 = 1350 cal I officer in bank "BI = 1620-600 = Requited ratio= 25" = (©) Female scale I officer in Bank ‘D* = [2 x 9000 - 800] = & [1440 — 800] = = (640) = 352 (@ Total numberof sale | officer in all bank together 450 + 600 + 900 + 800 + 750 = 3500 x 9000 ~ 600 Teal no, of ele office in al bank togeter 2°5000 3500 = 5500 ‘Requied difrence ~ 5500 ~ 3500 = 2000 (a) Seale I oie in bank D” 2 x 9000-200 = 1240-800 = 640 Requied % = =x 100 100 Tend Ofice a7, Wane HP Rage Bhopal [97-0] aS Page eats§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative§ LEGALEDGE 'ATOP RANKER Initiative