Module 11 - 1

THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

GENERAL REGULATIONS

REFFERENCES:
FROM THE DISCUSSIONS OF
AR. Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER
What is DRAINAGE SYSTEM?

• DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Includes all the piping within the public and
private premises which conveys sewage or
other liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal
but does not include the mains of a public
sewer system or a public sewage treatment or
disposal plant.
Sec. 205.10 NPC 1999
What comprises the DRAINAGE SYSTEM?

It is composed of:
 Sanitary Drainage System – the pipings that convey the discharge of water
closets or fixtures having similar functions (containing fecal matter) with or
without the discharges form other fixtures.
 Waste Drainage System – the pipings that receive the liquid discharge from
plumbing fixtures, other than water closets and urinals, and are free of fecal
flow.
 Vent System – the pipings installed to provide a flow of air to or from a
drainage system or to provide a circulation of air within such system to protect
trap seals from siphonage or back pressure.
 Storm Drainage System – the piping system that receives clear water
drainage from leaders, downspouts, surface run-off, ground water, subsurface
water, condensate water, cooling water or other similar discharges and conveys
them to the point of disposal. All sanitary waste must be excluded.

The Drainage System is often known as the DWV System or Drainage, Waste and Vent
System
Parts of a Drainage
System

SPECIAL DEVICES: House Sewer

– Interceptors – It extends from the public sewer to the private
– Sumps and Ejectors sewage-disposal tank to the wall of the structure
– Backwater Valves and is entirely outside the building
– Roof and Floor Drains

ESSENTIAL
COMPONENTS:
– House Sewer
– House Drain
– House Trap
– Fresh-air inlet
– Soil and Waste Stacks
– Fixture Branches
– Traps
– Vents
 Storm Drain System

Sanitary Drainage Waste Drain System

System

Vent System
 Vent Pipe – a pipe or opening
used for ensuring the
circulation of air in a
plumbing system and for
relieving the negative
pressure exerted on trap
seals. Sec 223.3
Soil Stack Pipe – a vertical soil
pipe conveying fecal matter
and waste water. Sec. 220.21
GENERAL PARTS OF THE
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Vent Stack – the vertical vent pipe
installed primarily for providing
circulation of air to and from any
part of the soil, waste of the drainage
system. Sec. 223.4

Soil Pipe – any pipe, which House Sewer – is that part of a

conveys the discharge of water
closet, urinal or fixtures having
similar functions, with or
without the discharge from
other fixtures to the building
drain or building sewer.
Sec. 220.22
plumbing system extending from the
house drain at a point 0.60 meters from
the outside face of the foundation wall
of a building to the junction with the
street sewer or to any point of
discharge, conveying the drainage of
one building site. Sec. 209.7

House Drain – is that part of the

lowest horizontal piping of a
plumbing system which receives
the discharge from soil, waste and
other drainage pipes inside of a
building and conveys it to the
house sewer outside of the
building. Sec 209.6
Waste Pipe – a pipe,
which convey only
wastewater or liquid Septic Tank – a water tight
waste, free of fecal receptacle which receives
matter. Sec. 224.2 the discharge of a sanitary
plumbing system, designed
and constructed to retain
solids , digest organic
matter through a period of
detention and to allow the
liquids to discharge into the
public sewer or an
approved private sewage
disposal system. Sec. 220.7
 GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS FOR A
PROPERLY DESIGNED
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
All horizontal piping shall be
supported at sufficiently
close intervals to keep them
in alignment and prevent
sagging. Sec. 315.2.1
Vertical piping shall be
secured at sufficiently close
intervals to keep the pipes in
alignment. Stacks shall be
properly supported at their
bases. Sec. 315.1
All horizontal piping shall run in
practical alignment & at a uniform
grade of not less than 2% (20 mm per
meter) toward the point of disposal.
Sec. 302
Each plumbing fixture trap shall be
protected against siphonage and back-
pressure by means of vent pipes.
Sec. 901
Each plumbing fixture, except those
with integral traps, shall be separately
trapped by an approved type
waterseal trap. Sec. 1001.1
A cleanout, easily accessible, shall be
provided for inspection or cleaning of the
pipe run. Sec. 706
Every building where
plumbing fixtures are
installed shall have a
sewer service connection
to a public or private
sewer systems. Sec. 305.1
 Catch Basin – a
receptacle in which
liquids are retained for a
sufficient period of time
to allow settleable
material to deposit.
Sec. 204.3

Downspout – the vertical

portion of a rainwater
conductor. Sec. 205.8

Leader – a pipe
connected from the
building gutter to the
downspout or conductor.
Sec. 213.6

House Storm Sewer – is the

pipeline from the building to
the public or street storm
drainage system. Sec. 209.8
DRAINAGE DRAINS, TRAPS and
VENTS
DRAINS
 What is a Drain?
 A Drain is a pipe, which carries ground and surface
waters, storm water or wastewater into a building
drainage system.

 The common types of drains are the floor drains and

the roof drains.

 The 2 types of drain connections are the direct drain

connection and the indirect drain connection.
 FLOOR DRAINS

Floor Drain – a fixture providing an opening in a floor to drain water into a plumbing
system; in homes, usually fitted with a deep seal trap.

Trench Drain – a cast-in-place or preformed concrete trench

usually covered with a grate that serves as both a drain and a
collection point for run-off water or other liquid.
ROOF DRAINS

Roof Drain – a drain designed to receive to

receive water collecting on the surface of a
roof and to discharge it into a leader or a
downspout.

Scupper Drain
–an opening in
a wall or
parapet that
allows water to Plantbox Drain
drain from a
roof.
ROOF DRAIN

SCUPPER DRAIN
INDIRECT DRAIN

FUNNEL

Indirect Waste Pipe – is a pipe that does not connect

directly with the drainage system but conveys liquid
wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture,
interceptor or receptacle directly connected to the
drainage system. Sec. 210.1
Air Gap, Drainage –
the unobstructed
vertical distance
through the free
atmosphere between
the lowest opening
from any pipe, Airbreak – a physical
plumbing fixture, separation, which may be a
appliance or low inlet into the indirect
appurtenance waste receptor from the
conveying waste to fixture, appliance or device
the flood level ream of indirectly connected.
the receptor. Sec.
202.6
TRAPS
 What is a Trap?
• A Trap is a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when
properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or
methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater
through it.

• The types of waterseal traps are:

1. P-trap – is the most widely used for fixtures, common diameter sizes are 110mm
(4”), 63mm (2”), 32mm (1-1/4”) and 38mm (1-1/2”).
2. Drum trap – is used mostly for bathtubs. It has the advantage of containing a larger
volume of water & discharging a greater volume of water than a P-trap.
3. Grease Interceptor / Grease Trap – Grease interceptor is an interceptor of at
least 3 cubic meter capacity to serve one or more fixtures and which is remotely
located. Grease trap is a device designed to retain grease from one to a maximum of
four fixtures.
4. House Trap/Running trap – a device installed to prevent circulation of air
between the drainage of the building and the building sewer.
 Waterseal Trap

Crown Weir – the highest point of the bottom of

the internal surface of the trap
Dip – the lowest
portion of the inside
top surface of the
channel through the
51 – 102 mm
trap

Trap seal –the vertical distance or depth of

liquid that a trap will retain, measured
between the crown weir and the top of the
dip of the trap.
 TYPES OF TRAPS:

P-TRAP
LAVATORY P-TRAP
HOUSE TRAP

DRUM TRAP
 TYPES OF TRAPS

Lavatory P-Trap
Ordinary P-Trap

Drum Trap

House Trap
TRAP ARM,
FIXTURE DRAIN,
FIXTURE BRANCH
AND HORIZONTAL BRANCH
 Each plumbing
fixture, excepting
those having
integral traps , shall
be separately
trapped by an
approved – type
waterseal trap. Not
more than 1 trap
shall be permitted
on a trap arm*.
Trap Arm – that
portion of a fixture
drain between a
trap and the vent.
TRAP ARM

Each fixture trap shall have a protecting vent so located that the developed
length of the trap arm from the trap weir to the inner edge of the vent shall be
within the prescribed distance, but in no case less than two times the diameter
of the trap arm.
TRAP ARM DISTANCE TO VENT
DIAMETER (Except for Water Closets and similar
fixtures)

32mm (1-1/4”) 760 mm

Horizontal Distance of Trap Arms
38mm (1-1/2”) 1070 mm

51mm (2”) 1520 mm

76mm (3”) 1830 mm

102mm and 3050 mm

larger

The developed length between the trap of a water closet

or similar fixture measured from the top of closet ring
(closet flange) to inner edge of vent shall not exceed 1.8
meters.
FIXTURE DRAIN

A FIXTURE DRAIN : A FIXTURE DRAIN SERVES A SINGLE TRAP AND A WASTE ARM
FIXTURE BRANCH
HORIZONTAL BRANCH
SPECIAL DEVICES
• GREASE TRAP
• GREASE INTERCEPTOR
• SUMP PUMP
• SEWAGE EJECTOR
• BACKWATER VALVE or NON-RETURN VALVE

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER

 GREASE TRAP

GREASE TRAP – a device

designed to retain grease from
one to a maximum of four
fixtures
 GREASE TRAP

• When waste pretreatment is required, an approved – type grease trap complying

with the Code shall be installed in the wasteline leading from sinks, drains and other
fixtures or equipment in establishments such as restaurants, cafes, lunch counters,
cafeterias, bars and clubs, hotel, hospitals sanitarium, factory or school kitchens, or
other establishments where grease may be introduced into the drainage or sewer
system in quantities that can effect line stoppage or hinder sewage treatment or
private sewage disposal.

• A grease trap is not required for individual dwelling units or for any private living
quarters.
Each plumbing fixture or piece of equipment connected to a grease trap shall be provided
with an approved type Flow Control or restricting device installed in a readily accessible
and visible location in the tailpiece or drain outlet of each such fixture.

Flow control Devices shall be so designed that the flow through such device or devices
shall at no time be greater than the rated capacity of the grease trap.

GREASE TRAPS CAPACITY

TOTAL NUMBER REQUIRED RATE GREASE RETENTION CAPACITY
OF FIXTURE OF FLOW IN IN KILOGRAM
CONNECTED LITERS PER
MINUTE

1 76 18
2 95 23
3 132 32
4 189 45
Grease Trap:
UNDER – COUNTER GREASE
TRAP
GREASE TRAP

SIZING OF GREASE INTERCEPTOR:

S=MxWxRxF GREASE INTERCEPTOR – an interceptor of at

least 3 cubic meter capacity to serve one or
Where: more fixtures and which is remotely located.
S = size of grease interceptor
M = number of meals served at peak hour
W = Waste Flow Rate: Use
- with dishwashing machine ------- 6 gallon flow (per meal/day) F = storage factors
- without dishwashing machine -- 5 gallon flow (per meal/day) - For fully equipped commercial kitchen
- single service kitchen ------------- 2 gallon flow (per meal/day) 8 hour operation: 1
- food waste disposer --------------- 1 gallon flow (per meal/day) 16 hour operation: 2
- hospital kitchen --------------------25 gallon/bed/day 24 hour operation: 3
R = Retention Time: Use - Single service kitchen: 1.5
- commercial kitchen waste dishwasher ----- 2.5 hours
- single service kitchen, single serving ------- 1.5 hours
 SUMP PUMP

SUMP – an approved tank or pit which

receives sewage or wastewater and is
located below the normal grade of the
gravity system and must be emptied by
mechanical means.
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER
 BACKWATER VALVE or
NON-RETURN VALVE

SEWAGE EJECTOR
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP CEBU CHAPTER
DRAINAGE PIPING
 Grade of horizontal excreta drainage piping

Horizontal drainage piping shall run

in practical alignment and at a
uniform slope of not less than 2% or
20 mm/m towards the point of
disposal, provided that, where it is
impractical due to the depth of the
street sewer or to adverse structural
features or to some irregular
arrangements of affected building or
structure to obtain a slope of 2% or
any such pipe or piping 102mm or
larger in diameter may have a slope
of not less than 1% or 10mm/m
when first approved by the
Administrative Authority.
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU 40
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU 41
Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU 42
15 METERS

110 mm

15 METERS
3000 mm
END OF PRESENTATION