PRINCIPLES OF THE IDEAL GAS LAW

https://youtu.be/uDag9vxm2Cc?si=56Mtl2zX8Ksro1-t

OBJECTIVE:
- To demonstrate the principles of air pressure and the behaviour of gases
under changing temperatures.
- To illustrate how temperature changes affect the air pressure inside the glass
and showcase the interplay between pressure, volume, and temperature in
the context of thermodynamics.

MATERIALS:
- 2 Glass cups
- 1 Shot glass
- Candle (small)
- Lighter / Matches
- Tissue paper
- Flat glass
- Bowl

PROCEDURE:
1. Dampen a piece of tissue paper with water. The tissue paper should be moist
but not overly wet.
2. Place the damp tissue in the middle of the flat glass.
3. Put a candle on top of the damp tissue then use a lighter or matches to light
the candle.
4. Position the shot glass upside down over the lit candle, ensure that the candle
is completely covered.
5. Allow the candle to burn out before slowly lifting the glass cup in the center.
6. Add the 2 glass cups in the flat glass. Slowly lift the shot glass again.

FLOW:

(REYES) Intro:

- Greetings and brief introduction of the demonstration

- Objectives
- Materials

(PICAZA) Procedure + (GATDULA) Explanation:

1. Dampen a piece of tissue paper with water. The tissue paper should be moist
but not overly wet.
2. Place the damp tissue in the middle of the flat glass.
3. Put a candle on top of the damp tissue then use a lighter or matches to light
the candle.
* The damp tissue in the middle of the flat glass helps create a controlled environment, and
the ignited candle introduces heat into the system.

* Damp tissue serves as the partial vacuum.

4. Position the shot glass upside down over the lit candle, ensure that the candle
is completely covered.

* The choice of shot glass allows for a transparent and observable system, making it easier
to track the candle during the experiment. Also, a smaller volume of air is easier to
manipulate in terms of temperature changes and pressure differentials. The limited space
inside the shot glass allows for a more noticeable and pronounced effect when the candle
burns and the temperature changes.

* Inverting one of the glass cups over the candle seals the system.

5. Allow the candle to burn out before slowly lifting the glass cup in the center.

* The burning candle represents a source of heat, leading to an increase in temperature

inside the sealed system. As the candle burns out, the temperature begins to decrease. The
decrease in temperature correlates with a decrease in air pressure inside the sealed space,
which aligns with the principles of the ideal gas law, where pressure and temperature are
inversely proportional.

6. Add the 2 glass cups in the flat glass. Slowly lift the shot glass again.

(WINER) Concept Explanation + (REYES) Conclusion:

- Concept of the demo (WINER)

- Conclusion / summarization (REYES)

CONCEPT EXPLANATION (WINER)

* Air pressure and the behaviour of gases under changing temperature.

When a lit candle is placed under a glass, it heats the air inside the glass. As the air gets
heated, it expands, and some of it escapes.

When the glass is then placed upside down on a damp surface (such as a damp tissue
paper), the air inside the glass cools down. As the air cools, it contracts and creates a partial
vacuum inside the glass. Meanwhile, the damp tissue paper helps to create a seal between
the glass and the surface. The surrounding air pressure outside the glass is now higher than
the pressure inside the glass, resulting in a pressure difference. This pressure difference
causes the glass to be pushed down, creating a suction effect, and it can even pull another
glass placed on top of it.

This phenomenon demonstrates the relationship between temperature, pressure, and the
behaviour of gases, which are fundamental concepts in thermodynamics. It's a simple yet
effective way to illustrate the principles of air pressure and the effects of temperature
changes on gases.