LECTURE 7 Numerical Differentiation Integration

ENROLLEMENT CODE LMS:
44ME-A: 159234807
MATH-351- NUMERICAL METHODS 44ME-B: 314672058
44ME-C: 958036712
Interpolation: Numerical method to approximate
• numbers
• functions
over a given interval [a,b].
The function to be approximated is usually defined through the set of its values
a n+1 distinct points lying in the closed interval [a,b]. That is (xi,f(xi)) for
i=0,1,2,……n where x0=a and xn=b
The problem is to determine a

function which passes the distinct
points
MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒚 − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒚 𝒙𝒊+1 − 𝒚 𝒙𝒊
𝒎 = 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 = =
𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 x − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒙𝒊+1 − 𝒙𝒊

𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 y − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒚 𝒙𝒊+1 − 𝒚 𝒙𝒊
𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 = =
𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 x − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒙𝒊+1 − 𝒙𝒊

Derivation of value of slope from degree 1 & 2 degree langrange polynomial

(A)

Alternatively
Adding the two series gives term for second derivative

𝒇 𝒂 + 𝒉 + 𝒇 𝒂 − 𝒉 − 𝒇(𝒂
𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 → 𝒇′′ 𝒂 =
𝒉2

h =0.1
h =0.01
h =0.001

𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 2: −𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 ′𝒔′ 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒂 𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅.
(Time) t 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

(Distance in meter) S 0 3.65 6.80 9.90 12.15
𝑶𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒓′ 𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓, 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓, 𝟎. 𝟕, 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑺 − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝑺 𝒕𝒊+1 − 𝑺 𝒕𝒊

𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 → 𝑺′ 𝒕 → 𝑽 𝒕 = = a=t =0.5 sec, h =0.5
𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒕 − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒊+1 − 𝒕𝒊

(Time) t 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
a=t =1.25 sec,

h =0.25.
a=t =0.7 sec,

h=?
a=t = 2 sec,
h=?

𝒎
𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 3: −𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 ′𝑉′ 𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒕 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅.
𝒔𝒆𝒄
(Time) t 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
(Velocity in meter / sec) V 0.000 11.860 26.335 41.075 59.051
𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒕 𝒂𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒄 & 𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄.
𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑽 − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝑽 𝒕𝒊+1 − 𝑽 𝒕𝒊

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 → 𝑽′ 𝒕 → 𝑨 𝒕 = =
𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒕 − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒊+1 − 𝒕𝒊
a=t = 1.0 sec, h =0.5
a=t = 1.75 sec, h =0.25

𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 2: −𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 ′𝒔′ 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒂 𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅.
(Time) t 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

𝑶𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒓′ 𝒔 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓, 𝟏. 𝟓, 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓, 𝟎. 𝟕 𝒔𝒆𝒄.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒇 𝒂 + 𝒉 + 𝒇 𝒂 − 𝒉 − 𝒇(𝒂
𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 → 𝒇′′ 𝒂 =
𝒉2
𝑽 𝒕 + 𝒉 + 𝑽 𝒕 − 𝒉 − 𝑽(𝒕
𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 → 𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 → 𝑺′′ 𝒕 → 𝑽′ 𝒕 → 𝑨(𝒕 =
𝒉2
𝑽 0.5 + 𝒉 + 𝑽 𝟎. 𝟓 − 𝒉 − 𝑽(0.5 a=t =0.5 sec, h =0.5
𝑨(𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓 =
𝒉2
𝑽 1.5 + 𝒉 + 𝑽 𝟏. 𝟓 − 𝒉 − 𝑽(1.5 a=t =1.5 sec, h =0.5
𝑨(𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟓 =
𝒉2
𝑽 1.25 + 𝒉 + 𝑽 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 − 𝒉 − 𝑽(1.25 a=t =1.25 sec, h =0.25
𝑨(𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 =
𝒉2
𝑽 0.7 + 𝒉 + 𝑽 𝟎. 𝟕 − 𝒉 − 𝑽(0.7 a=t =0.7 sec, h = ?
𝑨(𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟕 =
𝒉2
Q: -1


LECTURE 7 Numerical Differentiation Integration

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LECTURE 7 Numerical Differentiation Integration

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ENROLLEMENT CODE LMS:

The problem is to determine a

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

Adding the two series gives term for second derivative

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

(Time) t 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

𝑶𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒓′ 𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒕 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓, 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓, 𝟎. 𝟕, 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄.

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑺 − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝑺 𝒕𝒊+1 − 𝑺 𝒕𝒊

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

a=t =1.25 sec,

a=t =0.7 sec,

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑽 − 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝑽 𝒕𝒊+1 − 𝑽 𝒕𝒊

a=t = 1.0 sec, h =0.5

a=t = 1.75 sec, h =0.25

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

(Time) t 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

MATH-351- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS– Dr. Samreen Sheriff

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