E-WASTE MANAGEMENT AND REUSE INFORMATION SYSTEM; A

CASE STUDY OF NKUMBA UNIVERSITY

A RESEARCH REPORT

BY

NAMISANGO BRENDA AWINJO

2019/AUG/BIT/B225524/DAY

A REPORT SUBMITTED TO NKUMBA UNVERSITY SCHOOL OF

COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHOLARS’ DEGREE
OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF NKUMBA UNIVERSITY

OCTOBER 2023

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DECLARATION
I, Namisango Brenda Awinjo, declare that this dissertation is my original work and it has never
been submitted to any university or institution of higher learning for any academic award, All
information contained herein is original and where the works of others researchers have been
used due acknowledge has been made.

Signed………………………………………….. Date………………………

Namisango Brenda Awinjo

Researcher.

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SURERVISOR’S APPROVAL
This research report has been produced under my supervision and it is ready for submission to
the school of Business Administration of Nkumba University for examination with my approval

signed……………………………………………Date……………………………………

Mr. Ottemo Vicent.

Supervisor.

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DEDICATION

I dedicate this research to my father the late Omala Lawrence Oburu, My mother miss Nassanga
Sarah, my brother Mr. Sserunjoji Brian and my husband

who provided emotional and financial support so that I finish school and as well produce this
work, My awesome friends Mawa Richard, Duku john, Kanyesigye Cynthia, Biro Emma and all
my friends for their support ,company and unconditional love throughout all these years in
school

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank the almighty God for giving me life and ability to carry out this research.

Special thanks go to my supervisor Mr. Ottemo Vicent for the encouragement, guidance and time
spared to keep me going through the research process.

I am very grateful to the Nkumba university store stuff, IT experts who accorded me audience
during interviews

Special thanks to my mother, siblings and friends for their tireless support, May God reward you
abundantly.

To all my classmates, thank you so much for the encouragement, sharing notes and updates in
our whatsapp groups.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ ii

SURERVISOR’S APPROVAL .....................................................................................................iii

DEDICATION ...............................................................................................................................iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................. v

CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................vi

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ 1

ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 2

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 4

1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................4

1.2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY .....................................................................................5

1.3. PROBLEM STATEMENT .................................................................................................. 6

1.4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................6

1.4.1.General objectives ..................................................................................................................6

1.4.2.Specific objectives ................................................................................................................. 6

1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ..................................................................................... 7

1.6. SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................7

1.6.1.Geographical .......................................................................................................................... 7

1.6.2.Time scope ............................................................................................................................. 7

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CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 8

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 8

2.2. E-waste management methods ............................................................................................. 8

2.2.1. E-waste recycling: ..........................................................................................................8

2.2.2. Reuse method .................................................................................................................9

2.2.3. Refurbishment method .................................................................................................10

2.2.4. Burning method ........................................................................................................... 11

2.3 Products generated from e-waste .........................................................................................13

2.4. Impacts of of e-waste reuse in higher institutions ............................................................. 14

2.4.1.Cost savings ......................................................................................................................... 14

2.4.2.Social benefits ...................................................................................................................... 14

2.4.2. Educational opportunities ............................................................................................ 14

2.4.3. Innovation .................................................................................................................... 15

2.5. Legislation and policies: globally .......................................................................................15

2.6. Awareness and education: .................................................................................................. 16

CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................................18

METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................18

3.1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................18

3.2. Study population .................................................................................................................18

3.3. Sample size .........................................................................................................................19

3.4. Data collection methods used .............................................................................................19

3.4.1. Questionnaires ............................................................................................................. 19

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 3.4.2. Interviews .....................................................................................................................20

3.4.3. Observation ..................................................................................................................20

3.5. Data analysis .......................................................................................................................20

3.6. System Design Tools ......................................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER FOUR .........................................................................................................................21

RESEARCH FINDINGS .............................................................................................................. 21

4.1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................21

4.2. Research outcomes ............................................................................................................. 21

4.3. The lock away method ........................................................................................................22

4.4. Burying method .................................................................................................................. 23

4.5. Refurbishing ....................................................................................................................... 24

4.6. Burning method .................................................................................................................. 25

4.7. Reuse or recycling method ................................................................................................. 26

4.8. Impacts of re-use/recycling to Nkumba university ............................................................ 26

4.9. Environment concern ..........................................................................................................26

4.10. Health concerns ....................................................................................................................27

4.1.0 NEW SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION .................................................. 28

4.1.1 Products made from e-waste. ........................................................................................... 28

4.1.2 A e-waste fabricated a 3-volt light using a power bank and a resistor. ............................... 29

4.2.2. System testing ..................................................................................................................29

CHAPTER FIVE ...........................................................................................................................30

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................................30

5.1 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 30

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 5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................... 30

5.3 Challenges Encountered During Project Development .......................................................31

REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................32

APPENDIX :A ..............................................................................................................................34

QUESTIONAIRE ......................................................................................................................... 34

APPENDIX:B ............................................................................................................................... 38

PAYMENT SLIP .......................................................................................................................... 38

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 4. 1: (primary source)Showing the outcomes of the research ............................................
19 Table 4. 2: (primary data) shows whether how the respondents reacted to e-waste usage and
management ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not
defined.

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4. 1: Pictures showing the lock away method used at the e-learning office .............................. 20
Figure 4. 2: Primary data , showing the lock away method census ...................................................... 20
Figure 4. 3: Primary data, Show the burying method ........................................................................... 21
Figure 4. 4: Primary data, Showing Refurbishing. ............................................................................... 22
Figure 4. 5: Primary data, Showing the burning method ...................................................................... 22
Figure 4. 6: Primary data, Showing Reuse or recycling method .......................................................... 23
Figure 4. 7: Showing a computer case dumped near nabagereka Hall ................................................ 24

Figure 5. 1. Showing some of the products made from e-waste ............................................................ 25

Figure 5. 2 Primary source, A picture showing a fabricated LED light made using e-waste materials26

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ABBREVIATIONS
PVC- Poly Vinyl Chloride

LED- Light Emitting Diode

IT- Information Technology

SECO- State secretariat Economic Affairs

WEE –Waste Electronic and Electronic Equipment

URA –Uganda Revenue Authority

ICT –Information Communication Technology

NEMA –National Environment Management Authority

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ABSTRACT
During the last few decades, with the high-speed upgrade of electronic products, electronic waste (e-
waste) has become one of the fastest growing wastes of the waste stream. In this context, more efforts
and concerns have already been placed on the treatment and management of this waste. To mitigate
their negative influences on the environment and society, it is necessary to establish appropriate
strategies for e-waste reuse. Hence, this study aims to review and analyise ways to come up with
better ways to manage e-waste. Nkumba university uses the methods of locking away ,burning and
dumping of e-waste to get rid of it, In order to manage e-waste successfully, it is necessary to establish
effective reverse supply chains for e-waste, and raise public awareness towards the detrimental
impacts of e-waste like reusing it to serve another benefit. The result of the research provides valuable
insights to higher education institution, government and policymakers in establishing e-waste reuse in
a safe and sustainable manner.

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

In Uganda , E-waste could be the fastest growing threat ,This trend is likely to continue given the rapid
rate of technological progress, increased adoption and subsequent decreasing life spans of electronic
products. As the amount of e-waste has been significant increasing, there has been a corresponding
growth in the processes related to collection, reuse and recycling .For example, according to
ssebuguzi (2012) he stated that it is estimated that 9% of the electronics sold between 1980 and 2019
in Uganda or 15 million units, are still in storage, awaiting disposal, TVs and desktop PCs account for
34-52% by (weight), respectively. In additional, according to wassawa (2008) discovered that in 2005
the Uganda discarded, mainly into landfills 1.36- 1.67 million metric tons of e-waste and only 0.31
million were recycled consequently, the typical life cycle of an electronic product is a linear
progression from manufacturing, through use, storage and then to landfill. Firstly e-waste can be
defined as consumer and business electronic equipment that is not working, unwanted or has reached
the end of its useful life. This study therefore forecasted on the best solutions to e-waste management
through reuse

For these reasons, it is time to think of reusing e-waste products so as to give to new products than
dumping them with this idea it will reduce environmental impacts by increasing recyclability of
materials found in e-waste, with the goal of developing a society that learns to balance rapid
technological evolution with responsible product/material management. For example, one important
advantage stems from the fact that e-waste that is still functional as is or after refurbishment can be a
potential product for secondary markets. In addition to reuse, recycling is also important both
economically and environmentally.

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This study proposes the consideration of reusing electronic waste as an option to for future e-waste
management in Nkumba university , it first reviews the existing waste situation in the University to
establish the baseline of current public Reponses. Also reviews the e-waste regulations and systems
adopted by some organizations .it then suggests an e-waste system that considers the cultural
imperatives in the Entebbe for market driven solutions that enables competition that consist on three
basic flows, information, monetary and product flow. Finally the proposal discusses the domestic and
international consequences of the implementation of the proposed design.

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) or e-waste for short is a generic term embracing
various forms of electric and electronic equipment that have ceased to be of any value to their owners.
In this article, we use the terms WEEE and e-waste synonymously and in accordance to the EU WEEE
Directive.

When e-waste is disposed of or recycled without any controls, there are predictable negative impacts
on the environment and human health. E-waste contains more than 1000 different substances, many of
which are toxic, such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, selenium, hexavalent chromium, and flame
retardants that create dioxins emissions when burned. About 70 % of the heavy metals (mercury and
cadmium) in US landfills come from electronic waste. Consumer electronics make up 40 % of the lead
in landfills. These toxins can cause brain damage, allergic reactions and cancer. E-waste contains
considerable quantities of valuable materials such as precious metals. Early generation PCs used to
contain up to 4 g of gold each; however this has decreased to about 1 g today. The value of ordinary
metals contained in e-waste is also very high: 1 ton of e-waste contains up to 0.2 tons of copper, which
can be sold for about 1000 US$ at the current world price (as of 2007). Recycling e-waste has the
potential therefore to be an attractive business. Given the diverse range of materials found in WEEE, it
is difficult to give a generalized material composition for the entire waste stream . However, most
studies examine five categories of materials: ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, glass and plastics

1.2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nkumba university generates different kinds of waste ranging from kitchen waste generated from
different kitchens within the university, paper generated from the different offices and stationeries
within the university. Electronic waste which is generated by the university’s school of information

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and technology from computer parts such as mother boards, ups batteries, electronic and network
cables, monitors, central processing units (CPU) hard disks, computer memory among others. In the
same way the university’s department of electronic and electrical engineering also generate electronic
wastes like TV boards, screens, wires/ cables which is dumped in various dumping pits within the
university. Such improper dumping of electronic wastes has led to soil and environmental degradation
while some have caused injuries to students especially the girls who stay in Nabagereka yet electronic
wastes could be used to reproduce equipment which can be used at home, fashion among others. It’s
upon this background that the study is being conducted to design an e-waste management and reuse
information system focusing on Nkumba University as a case study.

1.3. PROBLEM STATEMENT

The increased use of computers have turned Africa into a dumping ground for e-waste have resulted
into e-waste of the old gargets that have served up to the end of their life, the researcher will therefore,
set out to conduct a study to assess possible ways e-waste can be controlled through reuse as a method
universities can use to control and manage e-waste. Due to increasing change in electronic conception
in higher institutions of learning, donations and buying electronic gadgets to help in training of future
professional these gargets serve to their end life time. Nkumba university disposes off its e-waste by
burning, locking way and dumping them to non usable areas around the university which is very
dangerous to the environment.

1.4. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1.4.1.General objectives

1. To assess the methods used to manage e-waste and the impact of e-waste reuse in controlling
ewaste in higher institutions of learning.

1.4.2.Specific objectives
• To assess the methods used in e-waste management
• To find out the possible products that can be created from e-waste inorder to conserve the
environment
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 • To assess the impact of e-waste reuse in controlling of e-waste in higher institutions of learning
• To develop a model that can be used by high institutions of learning as a policy in controlling
e-waste.

1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research will contribute to the e-waste disposal policy
To me the researcher, it will help to widen the knowledge of the researcher especially how hardware
components can be transformed to give rise to new products and have the skills of managing e-waste
in developing countries like Uganda

To the environment, e-waste reuse will help reduce pollution in the environment that would be
generated while manufacturing them into new products that can serve another purpose

To the Nkumba University ICT technical team, This proposal report is intended to give knowledge
and creating awareness about e-waste and how best it can be used to serve another purpose that might
be beneficial.

1.6. SCOPE

1.6.1.Geographical

This study was conducted at Nkumba university located at Entebbe. the study was focused on how
ewaste is used and it involved both students and the technical team of Nkumba university .

1.6.2.Time scope

The research took a duration of six months from 1st October 2022 to 10st March 2023.The study
looked on how e-waste can be reused to serve another purpose.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction
Introduction In this chapter, the researcher focused on the previous studies about e-waste, its
management, established policies and models that have been developed to help in the management of
e-waste both in higher institutions of learning and across the globe. This chapter also looked at the
conceptual framework of the study. E-waste or electronic waste is the fastest-growing waste stream
globally, and its improper disposal can cause severe environmental and health risks. E-waste contains
toxic materials such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, and it also contains valuable materials such as
gold, copper, and aluminum. Therefore, there is a need for proper e-waste management to reduce the
environmental and health risks and to recover the valuable materials from e-waste.

2.2. E-waste management methods

In Higher institutions of learning , e-waste is a growing environmental and health concern because
Uganda as a country become a dumping ground for electronic waste from developed countries, and
informal recycling practices pose significant health risks to workers and nearby communities. Here are
some of the e-waste management methods that were suggested by different researchers and how they
can be used in higher institutions of learning and Nkumba university as a case study for e-waste
management.

2.2.1. E-waste recycling:

According to C. Mugume and J. T. Ntayi (2019). The researcher examines the issues and challenges of
e-waste management in Uganda, with a focus on the e-waste recycling as the best method to manage e-
waste. The study looks at role of recycling in the e-waste management chain, working conditions, and
the environmental and health impacts of the activity

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Informal e-waste recycling is common in Uganda, with individuals and small-scale enterprises
engaged in dismantling and recycling electronic devices. However, these practices often involve crude
and hazardous methods, such as burning or breaking down electronics to extract valuable materials,
leading to environmental pollution and health risks to workers and nearby communities. C. Mugume
and J. T. Ntayi (2019). This article examines the issues and challenges of e-waste management in
Uganda, with a focus on the informal sector. The study analyzes the role of informal recyclers in the
ewaste management chain, their working conditions, and the environmental and health impacts of their
activities The article proposes solutions to promote sustainable e-waste management practices in
Uganda.

The informal electronic waste recycling sector in Uganda by D. Okot et al. (2018). provided an
overview of the informal e-waste recycling sector in Uganda. The study analyzes the key actors in the
informal sector, their working conditions, and the environmental and health impacts of their activities.
The article proposes strategies to promote sustainable e-waste management practices in Uganda. The
informal sector of electronic waste management in Kampala, Uganda" by R. Kikomeko et al. (2018).
He examined the informal e-waste recycling sector in Kampala, Uganda. The study analyzes the key
actors in the informal sector, their working conditions, and the environmental and health impacts of
their activities. The article proposes strategies to promote sustainable e-waste management practices in
Uganda. Electronic waste management in Uganda: A critical review of challenges and prospects" by E.
B. Ruharo and J. L. Muhwezi (2018). Stated the critical review of the challenges and prospects of
ewaste management in Uganda. The study analyzes the environmental and health impacts of e-waste
recycling practices in Uganda, the role of stakeholders, such as government, industry, and civil society,
in promoting sustainable e-waste management practices, and proposes solutions to address the
challenges facing e-waste management in Uganda.

2.2.2. Reuse method

E-waste reuse in high intuitions is away to go to manage e-waste, driven by the increasing demand for
affordable electronics and the needs to address the environment challenges of e-waste disposal
Promoting Reuse and Repair of Electronic Waste in Uganda . Opportunities and Challenges by S.
Nabwire et al. (2021). Examines the opportunities and advantages of promoting e-waste reuse and

9
repair in Uganda. The study analyzes the key factors driving e-waste reuse and repair, the challenges
facing the sector, and proposes strategies to promote sustainable e-waste reuse and repair practices.
Ewaste reuse prevents land pollution, air pollution in case the e-waste materials are burnt. In higher
institutions of learning it is a good practice when implemented .

E-waste reuse and repair practices in Uganda: A case study of a repair hub in Kampala" by E.
Nakawuka and J. T. Ntayi (2020). Examined e-waste reuse and repair practices in Uganda, focusing on
a repair hub in Kampala. The study analyzes the key factors driving e-waste reuse and repair, the
challenges facing the sector, and proposes strategies to promote sustainable e-waste reuse and repair
practices in Uganda. Exploring the potential of e-waste reuse and repair in Uganda by S. Mukasa and J.
T. Ntayi (2018). explored the potential of e-waste reuse and repair in Uganda. The study analyzes the
key factors driving e-waste reuse and repair, the challenges facing the sector, and proposes strategies
to promote sustainable e-waste reuse and repair practices in Uganda.Electronic waste reuse and repair
for sustainable development in Uganda" by J. T. Ntayi et al. (2017). This article examines the role of
e-waste reuse and repair in promoting sustainable development in Uganda. The study analyzes the
environmental, economic, and social benefits challenges facing the sector, and proposes strategies to
promote sustainable e-waste reuse and repair practices in Uganda.

Overall, these articles highlight the potential of e-waste reuse and repair to promote sustainable
development in Uganda. However, the effective implementation and scaling-up of e-waste reuse and
repair practices remain a challenge due to the lack of infrastructure, technological expertise, and
regulatory frameworks.

2.2.3. Refurbishment method

Refurbishment of electronic devices are other methods used in Uganda to manage e-waste. Some
organizations collect old and unwanted electronics, refurbish them, and donate them to schools and
other institutions. This approach not only reduces e-waste but also promotes digital inclusion and
access to technology. Refurbishing of electronic waste in Uganda: A review by M. S. Rweyemamu et
al. (2021). reviewed the state of e-waste refurbishing in Uganda, highlighting the challenges and
opportunities for promoting sustainable e-waste refurbishing practices. The study emphasizes the

10
importance of capacity building, appropriate technology, and regulatory frameworks to promote
ewaste refurbishing in Uganda.

E-waste refurbishing and repair practices in Uganda: A case study of a repair hub in Kampala by E.
Nakawuka and J. T. Ntayi (2020). This Examines the e-waste refurbishing and repair practices in
Uganda, focusing on a repair hub in Kampala. The study analyzes the key factors driving e-waste
refurbishing and repair, the challenges facing the sector, and proposes strategies to promote
sustainable e-waste refurbishing practices in Uganda. E-waste refurbishing in Uganda: Opportunities
and challenges by J. T. Ntayi et al. (2018). Explored the opportunities and challenges of e-waste
refurbishing in Uganda. The study analyzes the environmental, economic, and social benefits of
ewaste refurbishing, the challenges facing the sector, and proposes strategies to promote sustainable
ewaste refurbishing practices in Uganda. Promoting e-waste refurbishing in Uganda: A stakeholder
analysis" by S. Nabwire et al. (2019). Analyzed the stakeholders involved in e-waste refurbishing in
Uganda and their roles and interactions. The study highlights the importance of stakeholder
collaboration, capacity building, and regulatory frameworks to promote sustainable e-waste
refurbishing practices in Uganda.

Overall, these articles highlight the importance of promoting e-waste refurbishing practices in Uganda
to address the environmental challenges of e-waste disposal and create employment opportunities.
However, the lack of infrastructure, technological expertise, and regulatory frameworks remains a
challenge for scaling up e-waste refurbishing practices in Uganda.

2.2.4. Burning method

Nakkanga (2006) in her study on Solid waste management in urban areas of Abayita Ababiri and its
suburbs, suggested collection centers of waste and burning of waste under the supervision of municipal
authorities. She further suggested recycling of other waste especially those having plastic material as a
method to conserve the environment. Nakkanga (2006) management methods that were suggested are
not applicable to developing countries to manage e-waste because e-waste cannot be managed by
burning according to Uddini (2012). The burning of e-waste has a direct impact on both the
environmental degradation and the human health according to Uddini (2012).

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John wasswa 2008 in the report “e-waste assessment in Uganda” picked out major dumping sites
across the country and provided the necessary data to define a solution for handling the e-waste
associated with the UNIDO/Microsoft refurbishment project, data about the e-waste situation in
Uganda and thus the study also served for further initiatives by other stakeholders, e.g. for the
developing a policy framework.

2.2.5.Environmental contamination concerns

Wasswa 2008, in his article e-waste assessment in Uganda he stated the Major environmental
problems in Uganda include industrial and e-waste pollution, overgrazing, deforestation, and primitive
agricultural methods. A number of attempts have aimed at controlling e-waste dumping because they
can be toxic ,they not biodegradable and accumulates in the environment ,in the soil ,air ,water and
living things. For example open-air burning and acid baths being used to recover valuable materials
from electronic components release toxic materials leaching into the environment. E-waste hazardous
chemicals also threaten the country’s water supply whose major source is Lake Victoria (NEMA 2007).
Although Uganda is one of the least urbanized countries in the world in absolute terms, the urban
population of people using electronics is growing. Beginning from below one million in 1969, the
urban population increased to around 3 million in 2002. The urban population is also growing faster
(3.7%) than the national average (3.4%). The growth in the urban population means that e-waste
management should be taken as an issue to prevent pollution, the provision of adequate safe water and
a waste free soil to prevent land pollution.

Kinnaman and Fullerton (2000) stated that governments often rely on recycling programs as a means
of diverting waste from landfills. While recycling is not uncommon among high intuitions of learning
even in communities with flat fees, voluntary recycling participation, and no extrinsic incentives for
recycling (i.e. in situations where e-waste disposal should be less costly in terms of time and
convenience than reuse or recycling , which suggests the presence of some intrinsic or altruistic returns
from recycling), reuse and recycling programs are supposed to induce high intuitions of learning to
recycle by reducing the time and inconvenience costs associated with recycling. Because recycling
programs represent a quite popular waste diversion policy, very few empirical studies that look at e-
waste management practices have data from institutions without some sort of reuse program to be able

12
to address the question of whether such a policy is effective at increasing recycling and/or decreasing
e-waste disposal, Ghosh, Sadhan Kumar, and Kunal Mondal. "E-waste management: a review."
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 32.3 (2014) The authors concluded that there is a
need for proper e-waste management practices to reduce the environmental and health risks. The
authors also suggest that the re-use of e-waste can reduce the need for the extraction of new materials,
which can also reduce the environmental impact.

According to Baldé et al.(2017), The generation of e-waste is increasing rapidly, with estimates
suggesting that the amount of e-waste generated globally could reach 74 million tons by 2030 The
management of e-waste has become a major challenge for governments, businesses, and individuals.
Studies have shown that inadequate e-waste management can lead to environmental pollution, human
health risks, and economic losses (Robinson, 2009).

2.3 Products generated from e-waste

Artistic and functional products made from electronic waste in Uganda by D. Nansubuga et al. (2019).
This article explores the artistic and functional products that can be made from e-waste in Uganda. The
study showcases examples of up cycling, where artists and designers transform e-waste into jewelry,
furniture, and home decor items. According to Damian 2015 he showed possible products that can be
made from e-waste like a Multipurpose display unit developed from E-waste

E-waste recycling and resource recovery in Uganda: A review by P. M. Ndawula et al. (2020). This
article reviews the state of e-waste recycling and resource recovery in Uganda, highlighting the
potential of e-waste as a source of valuable metals and materials. The study emphasizes the importance
of appropriate technology, infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks to promote e-waste recycling and
resource recovery in Uganda. From e-waste to energy: A case study of an e-waste recycling plant in
Uganda" by J. T. Ntayi et al. (2019). This case study examines the conversion of ewaste to energy in
Uganda, focusing on a recycling plant in Kampala. The study analyzes the technical and economic
feasibility of e-waste to energy conversion, the environmental benefits, and the regulatory frameworks
needed to promote e-waste to energy projects in Uganda.

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Overall, these articles showcase the potential of e-waste as a source of valuable materials and the
creativity of Ugandan artists and designers in transforming e-waste into artistic and functional
products. However, the lack of infrastructure, technological expertise, and regulatory frameworks
remains a challenge for scaling up e-waste recycling and up cycling practices in Uganda.

2.4. Impacts of of e-waste reuse in higher institutions

E-waste reuse reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, which can have harmful
environmental impacts. By reusing e-waste, institutions can help to reduce their carbon footprint and
minimize their impact on the environment.

2.4.1.Cost savings

By reusing e-waste, institutions can provide their students with valuable educational opportunities.
For example, students can learn how to repair and refurbish electronics, which can be a useful skill in
today's job market. According to wasswa 2008,he stated that e-waste can be used in saving of
production and energy costs, reducing the negative impacts that the extraction and processing of virgin
materials has on the environment, with this researcher strongly agree that if e-waste reuse is
considered in higher institutions of learning there will be cost saving

2.4.2.Social benefits

Reusing e-waste can be more cost-effective than purchasing new equipment. This can help institutions
save money and make better use of their resources. According to M.S. Rweyemamu et al (2021)
found out that communities benefit from a voided land fillings and transportation costs associated with
shipping waste recyclables out of the area. The benefit of social gain will help higher institutions
learning to make use of e-waste.

2.4.2. Educational opportunities

According to M. Ndawula et al (2020) he wrote that e-waste reuse can also have educational benefits
and providing opportunities . For example, institutions can donate refurbished electronics to

14
underserved communities, providing them with access to technology that they might not otherwise
have. In learning institutions e-waste reuse help to widen the students knowledge about the electronic
waste

2.4.3. Innovation
Reusing e-waste can also spur innovation. For example, students and faculty may be inspired to create
new products or services using recycled materials, which can lead to new business opportunities and
economic growth. According to Wasswa (2008) e-waste can be used to create variety of products like
jewelry, screens and more, this helps to boost the economy and provides jobs to citizens, innovation
can help higher institutions of learning like Nkumba to save some problems using e-waste innovations

2.5. Legislation and policies: globally

The Ugandan government has introduced several policies and regulations to manage e-waste. The
National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) has developed guidelines for the
environmentally sound management of e-waste, and the government has banned the import of used
electronic devices to reduce the amount of e-waste generated in the country. However, implementation
and enforcement of these policies remain a challenge. National Environment Management Authority
(NEMA) Act (1995): This act established NEMA as the primary agency responsible for environmental
management and protection in Uganda. NEMA is responsible for developing policies and regulations
to manage e-waste and ensure compliance with environmental laws.

Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (2016): These regulations provide guidelines for the
handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste, including e-waste. The regulations
require hazardous waste generators to register with NEMA and obtain permits before conducting any
hazardous waste activities. E-waste Management Policy (2011): This policy was developed to address
the challenges of e-waste management in Uganda. The policy provides guidelines for the safe disposal
and management of e-waste, including the establishment of e-waste collection centers and the
promotion of e-waste recycling. Electronic Waste (Control and Management) Bill (2019): This bill
seeks to regulate the management of e-waste in Uganda. The bill proposes the establishment of an

15
ewaste management authority responsible for implementing e-waste management policies and
regulations, promoting e-waste recycling, and ensuring compliance with environmental laws.

National Environment Act (2019): This act provided the legal framework for environmental
management and protection in Uganda. The act requires all businesses and individuals to comply with
environmental laws and regulations, including those related to e-waste management. These legislative
policies aim to promote sustainable e-waste management practices in Uganda and ensure compliance
with environmental laws and regulations. However, the effective implementation and enforcement of
these policies remain a challenge in Uganda.

2.6. Awareness and education:

Awareness and education campaigns are also used in Uganda to promote responsible e-waste
management practices. NGOs and civil society organizations conduct outreach programs to raise
awareness among communities about the environmental and health risks associated with e-waste, and
to encourage them to adopt sustainable practices. Wasswa and Schluep in 2008, conducted an
assessment study in Uganda about the situation of e-waste management, generating a special emphasis
on personal computers and concluded that, “considering the recent development in ICT imports of new
and second-hand equipment and the already existing stock of computer waste it is expected that
considerably more e-waste will show up on the street in short time. Hence it is the right time for
Uganda to engage in addressing the problem of increasing e-waste volumes. Waiting too long with
actions bears the risk of a developing informal sector and more informal dumping, with all its social
and environmental drawbacks.” Wasswa and Schluep (2008), findings prove that there is a problem
with electronic waste management in Uganda.

In conclusion, This study is to help improve the prevailing technology that is still functional in ICT
gadgets that are considered to be e-waste and to provide a recycled product that can be utilized for
domestic sustainability in low developed which will help to reduce the rate of dumping computer
hardware in swamps and other designated areas for inorganic waste. e-waste management in Uganda
is still in its early stages, and informal recycling practices pose significant health and environmental
risks. Formal recycling, reuse, refurbishment, legislation, and awareness campaigns are all important

16
methods used to manage e-waste in the country, and more needs to be done to promote sustainable
practices and protect the environment and public health.

17
 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1. INTRODUCTION
This section looked at how the data was obtained together with the methods and tools to be used
during research development. The research findings were based on qualitative analysis of data that
were collected from computers users. The study was conducted with the help of questionnaires and
interview as tools for data collection. The researcher then compiled the finding and documentation was
made. The research was conducted using sampling technique to represent a bigger population when
collecting data. The researcher made a study on possible products that could be created from e-waste.
The researcher used visual recording gadgets like cameras to capture pictures and the possible
products that could be made out of e-waste. This was attained by observing products other researchers
made out of e-waste . The researcher used basic information about computer hardware, its functions to
control and manipulate used second hand and old electronic waste whose hardware had failed and
couldn’t partially or fully function any more. The researcher focused on the common hardware that fail
and can easily be considered waste

3.2. Study population

Nkumba university has a population of 5643 people including students, staffs and administrators at the
time the research was carried out, The researcher was interested in the size of the population to collect
the right information that was used to know how the institution handles e-waste and how best it can be
useful instead of locking them away or dumping. The study population were the students and IT
technicians the information obtained was documented. The research was conducted basing on a
population of 40 people on which the population of 30 was subjected to 25 students and 5
technicians ,the research technique was random sampling.

18
3.3. Sample size
The researcher did not consider a larger sample size because of time and resources so she preferred to
make research on a smaller group of people for accurate outcomes and to prevent errors Therefore, a
moderate sample size of 30 people was carried out which included; 25 students and 5 IT technicians.
They were asked to answer questionnaires and observed by the researcher on how e-waste is managed,
ways to improve the handling of e-waste at Nkumba university.

3.4. Data collection methods used

The researcher used data collection method like interview, questionnaire and observation, The data
collected was used to come up with accurate information, The interview data collection method was
used for accurate screening and for easy capturing of verbal and non-verbal ques. questionnaires were
used to because of its ability to provide anonymity and data accuracy. Observation was used because it
doesn’t need question subjects about the actions and report from others.

3.4.1. Questionnaires

Questionnaires was used to get an overview of the e-waste management behavior of various users at
the university.lt will be used to capture data where the researcher doesn’t need to be present to avoid
biasness In addition they are designed to retrieve further information about the presence and nature of
possible informal recyclers and the purpose for which e-waste is used. Questionnaires will be sent to
Nkumba university store managers, IT experts and a couple of students. They are designed to extract
the following:

• The impacts of e-waste at Nkumba university

• proper e-waste management

• What happens to obsolete computers and other electronics

• Major obstacles in management of e-waste

• Opinion on the existing policies, among others. Information obtained from literature search together
with that extracted by use of questionnaires has been used to describe and quantify the flows and
stocks of the products generating e-wastes in Nkumba
19
3.4.2. Interviews
Personal interview were conducted with various experts in order to obtain or complement information.
30 people were interviewed. The interview guide had questions that were to be used to collect data
from respondents. The interview guide had easy to answer question to enable the researcher collect
data with ease from respondents who would found it hard to write during working hours especially
vendors and workers in places around the selected educational institutions.

3.4.3. Observation

The observation method enabled the researcher to get clear information about the existing way of how
e-waste is managed in Nkumba university since he was able to see personally what was taking place
during transaction at the institute. The researcher based his observation on how e-waste information
was managed and the process used in e-waste management. The researcher also observed how data
was recorded and the methods used in storing data.

3.5. Data analysis

Microsoft excel was used for data analysis. The data collected was analyzed using the Microsoft excel
2010 and tabulated. This was supported by graphs and pie charts during the presentation of data.

3.6. System Design Tools

The products are designed using recycled electronic parts scavenged from the university dumping pit
and the school of electrical and electronic engineering premises. Materials such as hard disks, wires,
laptop batteries and bulbs were obtained.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

RESEARCH FINDINGS
4.1. INTRODUCTION
The research was conducted to find out how e-waste at Nkumba university can be given a new life, a
survey was carried out to find out how e-waste can be managed. The findings and analysis of data
collected in this chapter were done using tools like the interview and questionnaire data collection
methods, The researcher examined a sample of 30 respondents of the methods used in managing
ewaste in Nkumba university. The schools under study included School of computing and informatics,
School of social sciences, School of business and School of commercial industrial art and design.

4.2. Research outcomes

13.3% agreed that lock away method is suitable for maintaining e-waste at the university, 16.7%
decided burying was the best option , 13.3% refurbishing, 33.3% chose reuse and recycling, 16.6%
opted for burning e-waste.

21
Table 4. 1: (primary source)Showing the outcomes of the research
METHODS PERCENTAGE

lock away method 16.7%

Burying 13.3%

Refurbishing 13.3%

Reuse and Recycling 33.3%

Burning 16.7%

Table 4. 2: (primary data) shows whether how the respondents reacted to e-waste usage and
management
Argument Frequency Percentage (%)

Agree 8 0.09
Strongly Agree 7 0.04

Disagree 5 0.05

Strongly Disagree 10 0.1

Total 30

4.3. The lock away method

The results showed that 4 people out of the 30 people who were examined opted for the lock away
method and this is 13.3% of 100% .A lock away method is a method of collecting electronic waste in a
separate place (room).In this method users keep on compiling e-waste (storing) it for undisclosed
period of time, At Nkumba university this method is the most popular used method of managing
ewaste, store managers respondents the researcher interviewed they urged that its easy to use , it’s
environmental friendly and the stored e-waste can be used for educational purposes in the future for

22
example for students studying computer repair and maintenance.6.65 agreed, 6.65 strongly agreed ,
43.35 Disagreed and 43.35 strongly disagreed about the lock away method.

Figure 4. 1: Pictures showing the lock away method used at the e-learning office

The lock away method

Agree
Strongly agree
Disagree
strongly agree

Figure 4. 2: Primary data , showing the lock away method census

4.4. Burying method
Burying method is a method of interment and varnishing e-waste into the ground (landfill),according
to the researcher’s interview,5 people out of 30 agreed that burying is a best method to manage ewaste
23
in Nkumba university and that’s 16.7%. Respondents support their choice that it will create space and
get rid of all unwanted materials. The wastes are generated all over the campus and the commonly
used waste disposal method is dumping them into the waste landfills. A landfill is a place where the
wastes are collected to dispose of. These landfills look ugly, and it produces heavy smell due to the
collection of a greater number of wastes. These wastes in the landfills can harm the air, water, and the
land where the wastes are segregated,73.3% (22 people) disagreed to this agreement, and 6.6%
(2people) were not sure

Burying method

Agree %
Stronly agree
Disagree
Stronly agree

Figure 4. 3: Primary data, Show the burying method

4.5. Refurbishing
13.3% of the respondents suggested that refurbishment is the best way of managing e-waste at
Nkumba university,4 people out of 30 ,(66.7%) 6 people responded that it’s not a good idea and 6
people (20%) were not sure if it was the best option, the 13% urge that instead of burying, reuse or
recycling e-waste it should be refurbished to give room for Shorter Development Period, conserve the
environmental, and creation of new products. 6.65 agreed, 6.65 strongly agreed, 43.35 Disagreed,
43.35 strongly disagreed about the refurbishing method.

24
 Refurbishing

Agee
Strongly disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree

Figure 4. 4: Primary data, Showing Refurbishing.

4.6. Burning method
This is the method of flaming up e-waste until they are all wasted,16.7% agreed to this,5 people out of
30,15 (50%) disagreed with this method,10 (33.3%) were not sure if it’s the best method or not. Those
supporting this method gave reasons like Decreases Quantity of Waste.
Efficient Waste Management, Production of heat and power, Reduction of pollution, Incinerators have
filters for trapping pollutants and saves on transportation of waste.8.35% agreed, 8.35% strongly
agreed , 43.35% disagreed , 43.35 % Strongly disagreed.

Burning method

Agee

Strongly
agree

Figure 4. 5: Primary data, Showing the burning method

25
4.7. Reuse or recycling method

With this method 33% agreed that it’s the best option (10 people),5 people disagreed and that’s 16.7%,
15people (50%) were not sure about if e-waste should be reused, respondents who agreed to this gave
reasons like saves land filling space, environment friendly, saves natural resources and increase
affordability.16.5% agreed, 16.5% strongly agreed , 33.5% disagreed , 33.5% strongly disagreed.

Reuse or recycling method

Agee
Strongly agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree

Figure 4. 6: Primary data, Showing Reuse or recycling method

4.8. Impacts of re-use/recycling to Nkumba university

12 respondents (40%) agreed that reuse or recycling has a positive impact on Nkumba organization as
an organization,13 respondents (43.3%) disagreed with this argument,5(16.7%) people were not sure
about the positive impacts of e-waste reuse. 13 respondents (43.3%) agreed that e-waste reuse a
negative impact, 12 respondents (40%) disagreed to the argument and 5 (16.7%) were not sure.

4.9. Environment concern

Out of 30 respondants,25 agreed that e-waste has a huge impact on the environment(80%),3 people
disagreed(10.9%) and 2 (6.6%) people were not sure of the impacts of e-waste on the environment.

26
Unlike other traditional e-waste in Uganda, the main environmental impacts of e-waste mainly arise
due to inappropriate processing, rather than inherent toxic contents although drawing boundaries
between secondary goods intended for reuse and waste materials may be a challenge.

• Presently the informal processing of e-waste at Nkumba university is not under any
environmental monitoring and as a result, the crude methods used to reclaim materials from the e-
waste are a potential for many kinds of pollutants being generated creating serious problems to
ecological environment and human health.

• E-waste contains more than 1000 different substances, many of which are highly toxic. E-waste
contains both valuable materials, such as gold and copper, as well as highly toxic substances, such as
lead and mercury.

Figure 4. 7: Showing a computer case dumped near nabagereka Hall

4.10. Health concerns

There was no health complications reported as a result of e-waste dumping and reuse. This means that
e-waste might be disastrous to human life after a long exposure to e-waste and its miss managemen

27
4.1.0 NEW SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
In this segment the researcher explains the new system design and the implementation of ways e-waste
at Nkumba university can be reused/ recycled to come out with promising products and as well
conserve the environment. As stated in chapter four, the methods that can be used to manage e-waste,
The researcher came up with models to explain how e-waste can be reused to serve another purpose.

The researcher used spoilt keyboards, CDs, wires, computer screens, power banks, chargers and more
to come up with a number of models, the researcher used the reuse e-waste management method to
illustrate

4.1.1 Products made from e-waste.

In the process of looking for e-waste the researcher came across non functioning electronic like
keyboards, motherboards, wires, power banks and were used to make jewelry and art pieces, clock

Figure 5. 1. Showing some of the products made from e-waste

28
4.1.2 A e-waste fabricated a 3-volt light using a power bank and a resistor.

Figure 5. 2 Primary source, A picture showing a fabricated LED light made using e-waste materials

A fabricated LED light using 3 volts lighting up using a power bank is an excellent way of saving
energy in higher institutions of learning, it can help students reverse at night in case of power shut
down.LED lights are known for their energy efficiency and can be great alternative to traditional
incandescent bulbs, the materials the researcher used include e-waste power bank, Resistor ,LED
light ,soldering gun, soldering wear, a bulb deflector and wires.

4.2.2. System testing

Connected the positive terminal of the LED light to the power bank's positive terminal using a jumper
wire then connected the negative terminal of the LED light to one end of the resistor using another
jumper wire.

Connect the other end of the resistor to the power bank's negative terminal using a third jumper wire
through the LED, preventing it from burning out. The 1k ohm resistor is a good choice for this circuit,
as it limited the current to a safe Tested the circuit to make sure everything was working properly. If
the LED doesn't light up, check your connections to make sure they are secure.

29
 CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 CONCLUSION
From the research discussed, it is clear that a lot of things can be made out of e-waste for example
motherboard button clock, ear rings from Led lights, necklaces and so much more as waste coconut
husk fiber, carbon fiber, wood fiber are used for the replacement of common plastics. Based on the
study of various research papers, the e-waste and fibers have various physical and mechanical
properties in various combinations. Depending upon the properties of by utilization of waste in various
engineering applications. composite, we can reuse that material seen in chapter five. The e-waste
materials from domestic applications like Refrigerators, Televisions, Mobile phones, IT products like
Computers, PVC cables, LED’s etc and fibers like for various applications. As disposal of waste is a
major problem in the today’s world due to limited landfill space as well as hazardous to human health

5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS
The key findings identified and recommendations put forward in this report, will require the
engagement and commitment of Nkumba University entities in order for substantive changes to be
made in increasing collaboration and establishing a more coordinated approach to tackling e-waste
reuse. In light of this, it is recommended that the drafting of a joint statement follows this report,
which would highlight entities’ commitments to following up on the recommendations of this report

a). Establishing a Joint Work Plan with Support of the University Entities:

The aim of the e-waste report is to identify concrete goals for increasing the collaboration and
coordination of university entities’ initiatives to tackle e-waste, upon which it is recommended that a
joint work plan on e-waste is developed. This work plan would highlight how to reach these goals,
with the aim of being distributed to donors in order to accrue funds for related work outlined in the
joint work plan.

b). Student encouragement:

30
Encourage students to make use of their destroyed gadget than dumping them.

c) .Further research should be made

More research should be made to come up with other ways e-waste can be managed, in this
arrangement it must be able to benefit every one and as well become an ethic at Nkumba university.
oration and data analysis is a huge task to be done by one person with in a short period

5.3 Challenges Encountered During Project Development

• The researcher experienced research execution, planning, collection of inf of time.
• Time was limited and the researcher had to work overtime to meet his objectives.
• Some respondents gave out wrong information and others gave out information which they
were not sure of.
• Power failures at times led to loss of data that would cause delays on the time schedules.
• Inadequate finance for meeting costs such as, printing, Internet surfing, and purchasing of
storage devices like flash disks.
• Computer viruses at one time destroyed the computer which led to loss of the work.
• Fixing appointments with the respondents and the IT technicians was a big problem since most
of the time they were not available to give the required information or they were very busy

31
REFERENCES
1. Tusuburia, F. and I. Kaggwa (2005). E-usage Uganda Report, draft final of 1 April 2005 (supersedes
drafts 1 to 4). Uganda Bureau of Statistics (2002). Uganda 2002 population and housing census.
Kampala, Uganda.

2. The Parliament of Uganda (2006). Report of the Sessional Committee on Information and
Communication Technology on the Ministerial Policy Statement and Budget Estimates for the
Ministry of Information and Communication Technology for the Financial Year 2006/2007, August
2006. C. o. I. a. C. Technology

3. Wasswa John and Schluep Mathias (2008), E-Waste Assessment in Uganda. Published by UNIDO,
EMPA and Microsoft

4.URA (2008). Computer import records. Kampala, Uganda, Customs & Excise Department, Uganda
Revenue Authority.

5. Sserunkuma Daiman (2015),E-waste management and Environmental conservation in Entebbe

6. E-waste management: a review. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 32.3 (2014)

7. E.B..Ruharo and J.l Muhwezi (2018),Electronic waste management in Uganda: A critical review of
challenges and prospects" by E. B.

8. S. Mukasa and J. T. Ntayi (2018). Exploring the potential of e-waste reuse and repair in Uganda.

9. D. Okot et al. (2018) The informal electronic waste recycling sector in Uganda

10. R. Kikomeko et al. (2018). The informal sector of electronic waste management in kampala,
uganda

11. C. Mugume and J . T . Ntayi (2019). Computer import records Kampala, Uganda customs &
Excise Department, Uganda Revenue Authority

12. S. Nabwire et al (2019), Promoting e-waste refurbishing in Uganda: A stakeholder analysis.

32
13 .D. Nansubuga et al. (2019). Artistic and functional products made from electronic waste in Uganda

14. P. M. Ndawula et al. (2020). Areview :E-waste recycling and resource recovery in uganda

15. Nakawuka and J. T. Ntayi (2020). E-waste reuse and repair practices in Uganda: A case study of a
repair hub in Kampala"

16. Uddin M.D. Jalal (2012), Journal and Conference Paper on (Environment) E-Waste Management,
published by IOSR Journals of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE). .

17. M.S. Rweyemanu et al.(2021). A review: Refurbishing of electronic waste in uganda

33
APPENDIX :A

QUESTIONAIRE

Survey on e-waste reuse at Nkumba University

The researcher is Awinjo Brenda who is a student of Nkumba University pursing a Bachelors degree in
information technology. She is humbly requesting you to kindly assist her in her research for ewaste
reuse in higher institutions of learning: a case study of Nkumba university.

The purpose of collecting data is purely academic. Your response will not be used in any way of
commercial or any business purpose without your consent. you are therefore requested to answer the
following questions and please free to ask any question concerning the questions below. Part 1

Respondent’s details

(tick the suitable answer of your choice)

1.You are…….

a. A student

b. A lecturer

c. Computer lab attendant

d. Store manager

2.If you are a student. which school do you belong to?

a. SBA

b. SCI

c. SOS

d. SLAW

e. SCIAD

PART TWO (the researcher wants to find out whether Nkumba university is aware of e-waste reuse)

34
1. Are you aware of e-waste?

a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Strongly disagree

b. Disagree

2.what method is used at Nkumba university to manage e-waste?

a. lock away method b. burying c. burning

d. reuse and recycling

3.Why do you refer that method you have chosen in qn.2 above?

a. lt is easy to use b. reliable

c. Environmental friendly

4.Do you think e-waste reuse have a positive impact on the university?

a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Strongly disagree

b. Disagree

5. Do you think e-waste reuse have a negative impact on the university

a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Strongly disagree

b. Disagree

6. Do you think reuse of e-waste would help to reduce dumping and miss management of e-waste

a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Strongly disagree

b. Disagree

7.Are you satisfied with how the university is dealing with e-waste?

a. Strongly agree b. Agree c . Strongly disagree

b. Disagree

8. Do you agree every single person has a contribution towards e-waste management?

a . Strongly agree b . Agree c . Strongly disagree

35
d. Disagree

PART THREE (general questions)

1. Are you aware about the environmental hazards caused by discarded electronic equipment?

a .Strongly agree b. Agree c. strongly disagree.

d. disagree

2. Are you aware that some electronic parts may be profitably recycled?

a .Strongly agree b. Agree c. strongly disagree

d. Disagree

3. Would you be willing to buy for yourself any e-waste reused product if being sold?

a . Strongly agree b. Agree c. strongly disagree

d. Disagree

4.I have ever use an item made out of e-waste?

a. Yes b. No c. Not sure

4.State the e-waste that the product you used was made out

…………………………………………………………………………………

3. From your point of view, what are the main obstacles for a proper e-waste treatment?(fill in the
gap provided)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………….

36
4. From your point of view, what should be done to facilitate e-waste management?(fill in the gap
provided)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

Thank you for your participation

37
APPENDIX:B

PAYMENT SLIP

38
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