1

1. In SQL.. wich Command is vsed to select

Ony one Copy of ech set of dupieoable
Row s
> a Select Distince

2. wha} is dota redund oney

meaning?
> 6) When The same piece of dota exists
is may places.
3. Which of the folto wing structe
Re Preoents entity sets.?
’ Rectangle
4. Double ine indreate
’ Total Parti ei paion of an enHhy in a
RelaionShip set.
s. Double Rectomgle Repres ents
’ 0 eak entity sets.
B. In an ER, Yis 4he dominat entity and
Suboro dinate eni Then which
of 4he follow ing is ao inCorrect2
’ 0 0perotionally,i5 x is deleled . So
is Y
 + One to one Relattonship
AL fhough Some what wnlommon in database
Öystem of si2e and Complexity Coeoted in
Honey ode, we do see one to one Relaionship
in a hadful of bituation in database System
Development
In egsence we're soying a Single Recound in
toble "Ais nelated 4o one to one anô
Single Recound
ony
One Recownd 4n "B". And
in table "B is releted 4o One ond ony Re
- eound in toble"A: its aloo possible that a
Reeownd in A "B is nrelated to a Recons
in 4he Orod e

Exarnple
Recenty we worked ith a high end aponts
cub. lhey nene tooking tor aa system to naek
Ospect5 of their business . incuding
membenship fees, faciuties. pogams. and
nucn moye
 DBMs - 3

One to moy Relaion ship ,

A One to
many RelaHonship is type of
Candinality 4hoat deseribes 4he Relahionship
betneen Awo entihes in óystem any analysis.
its oloo Known os a masten -d etoil on
Panent Child" velations hip.
In this RelatiomshiP, One YecounA in one table
Con have many matching recound s in anothe2
4oble, but each necownds in 4he first toble
on y have one matching
Can on Yecono in he
Secoumd toble .Fon exompie
dcoun+s,but
a Cstomen Can have mon
each accoun t Can only be oned by One
Custom er.
|Club 1

Studen

club 1o)
hany to momy Reloions hip ,
H mang to moy Relation ship is 6type of
Uand inauBy in System analysis 4nat deseeibe
the Re laionship between 4wo entities
In This relation 6hip, one entity A,nany
have a panent instonce that hos mar childr
-en in another enity . B.
For EXam ple ’ a Customer Can place mutiple
Ordeos in an oden table, and an ord er
may Contoin one moYe instances of a
SPeciffc Produet
Autho-Book
Juncion Table
Book
Authos
Boors Avthors
(8) How ane t e Droble mes Coused by multíp
Vawed ontnibuted esowed ?

One Common woy to Hondel multivolued

Qtteibwtes is b Cooeote Seponate toble ror
Example, {4 o t Table has mullivalued otti
bute d ice Phone Humben", you Can ereonte
Sepanate 4ab1e Called phone umbn".
|his able wowld have two oumn S?
Phone Number
Person ID Ond

multivaued
Some athen Noys to Hondel
attnibutes
multivelued atikoute to
O Extnact the
a ne tale
Leve a Copy of its Primany Key with
the original 4oble.
notation.
Vse multip1f eity
ween
OIncude an intermediouy toble be
table s wiHh Just 4hein IDs
4he t o
 DBMS 6

weak Ent íty set 9- In o aelaionship

Databane, a veak entíty 6et vepreSents
Contegomy of entities that tacK susficient
a 4heir
attibutes to be uni auely idemHfied on
existen(e and unigue idenHieaion.
Existence Dependen ce o weok enthy bes

ane existence
dependent because thein very
of a
Existence hinges on 4he exis4ence
entity in a strony enHH set.A
Corr espondinq indepen
entity instance Cannot ex13t
Wearc
denty. T&is dependeney 1s estabishêd
ship beween
a one to may Relahon
4nrovgh nd eeK entity sets.
tho strog
Representaion in ER Diagram
se visuol
EnHry Relaionship (ER) digrom s
oatBroibutes,
eni4ies,
Symbols to depict
nd elaionship .

Double Rectongle? A double reckongle box

3igniftes we on < entity set.
(o Double -Limed Dinond 9- A bold
Bold
s he
double-Line dfamond Shape Reoesen
strorg
leen ifying Relaion ship betneen the
nd weaK entity Sets.
O Tdentisying AHribute , 1he foreign Ke
tniout es om the weak entity 3et thot
a Strry
Yeference he primery Key of the the
dasnboand ine
enity set ane depicted os
Connecieng 4he weak entity box to the
iden ifning diamond

Exam ple -
we hove
Conct dern a database fore a ibay.
6et calle d Book.ith
strong enity
attributes IKe BooK ID (Primay Key)
1741e, Authon, etc.
authon
Hoveven, a booK might hove muliple
his, we Could Cxeate a eak
To nodel
enH set Coled Authors with attributes
iKe AuthorTD /Pantial KeY), AutherName
 that IN Coumhhy 'Indja' He
4he
Plights -ouirport-loae
whene
Nome) from openotor
hêre is PbYary
ountoy 4erbie
Representation
, momg)<
p)Relationshi
(Identifyinq Authern of
numbes porots
Authen) 4em
+
PoTo our
from the The Fight
o
to ,(AuthorID
(one (BooKID,TiHe, Air (Fught))
-'Tndia'
all ) he
he
india.(o from
Fught flight_umber where uay.
select
> 4he
e
dicram s
Authors thefrom Code firsttoble4hen
monrom
,Explanaion
ist f4 (SELECT port
ER o we we Sugnt
BooKs a. +ake the
Ihe Air 4
’ in
10)
 DBM.

ist
trom- ir Portlode is Py esent in 4he
idian oY Pomt Codes 'retrived
of
e alier.

Praject (1) only the füghtnumbo

Finally. we numb e2.
onttyibute to get 4he ist of fught

who ane
List the Posengen nho no ig ht umber
ne no

Pasenger-name (o fught-umber ='SA

TT
H41 '(Reservation) )
1

Exp\anatiom -
o operator selects res ervaions from
0 The
votion toble whene the fightnumboz
4he Res
is e auel SA T44

We then Project (T) only the Payenger

name ttnibute to get 4he ist of
ot
on that SPecific fight.
Danengens
 D8MS- (0

C ist all 4he Pught infor maion fo

Indiam Airines and et Aír bine as

T*( ourine IN (Indian.Airine ',

qet Airine woys') (Pugn))

Ex p\anation ,
operator selecs 4ughts from
© The o Aiyine îs
table whene the
The Flignt
e ithtn Indian Airines or yet Atrway'
then Droiect (TT) oll
l attributes (*)
we
et the Com plete infor mation for those
to get
Pights.