1 Directed Numbers

SUBJECT 2 : DIRECTED NUMBERS
Negative numbers (–), Zero, Positive Numbers (+)
This is the Number Line:
No Sign Means Positive
If a number has no sign it usually means that it is a positive number.
Example: 5 is really +5
❖ ZERO is not positive or negative.
❖ Positive number – a number greater than (>) zero.
(Numbers above or right of 0 are positive. )
❖ Negative number – a number less than (<) zero.
( Numbers below or left of 0 are negative. )
Example : Write down the meaning of the following :
✓ 0 0C :
✓ 3 0C :
✓ -70C:
1
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024
Where are negative numbers in the real world?
➢ Negative Numbers Are Used to Measure Temperature.
➢ Negative Numbers Are Used to Measure Under Sea Level.
➢ Positive and negative numbers are used when keeping track of money.
+ Positive + - Negative -
$$ you earn $$ you spend
2
DIRECTED NUMBERS KEYWORDS
(+) (–)
Forward Backward
Rise Fall
Ascend Descend
Warmer Colder
More Less
Up Down
Increase Decrease
Above Below
Gain Withdraw
Write an integer to describe the real world situation:

▪ Gain 3 pounds:
▪ Withdraw $15:
▪ 5 feet below sea level:
▪ Move ahead 4 spaces:
▪ Freezing point :
▪ 3 degrees below freezing point :
▪ 7 m above zero :
▪ 5 steps backward :
▪ 10 m below sea level :
▪ 2 steps forward :
3
Number Line
Writing numbers down on a Number Line makes it easy to tell which numbers are greater or
lesser.
A number on the left is less than a number on the right.

Examples:
• 5 is less than 8
• −1 is less than 1
• −8 is less than −5
A number on the right is greater than a number on the left.

Examples:
• 8 is greater than 5
• 1 is greater than −1
• −5 is greater than −8
4
Comparing Integers
Ex : Compare the following integers with >, < or = .
– 4 ……. – 2 1 …….. – 3 – 5 …….. 0
– 3 ……. – 5 5 …….. 0 – 100 …….. – 1
25 ……… + 25 –10 ……. –1000 20……… 200
❖ Put the following integers in order from least to greatest.
- 4, 3, 0, and -5
❖ List the following numbers in ascending order.
3, +5, -7, 0, +8, -9, -2
❖ List the following numbers in descending order.
-6, 4, -3, -1, 7, 2, +10
5
Activity :
A) Assume the car start from the point 0 and moves to 5 km forward. What is the distance
travelled by car?
B) Assume the car start from the point 0 and moves to 4 km backward. What is the
distance travelled by car?
C) The table shows the temperatures in some cities around the world on Christmas Day.
a) Which city was the warmest?
b) Which city was the coldest?
c) Write the temperatures in ascending order.
6
D) Use a number line to show each of these sets of numbers.
a) –5, –2, 0, 5, –3
b) –10, –8, –6, –4, +3, 5
c) All the integers bigger than or equal to –4 but also smaller than or equal to 3.
d) All the integers from –3 to 7.
7
Addition and Subtraction of Integers
The rules for adding and subtracting directed numbers are:
+ (+) = +
– (–) = +
+ (–) = –
– (+) = –
➢ If two integers have the same sign, we add them and put the common sign.
The sum of two positive numbers is always positive → (+) + (+) = (+)
ex. 5 + 1 = 6
The sum of two negative numbers is always negative → (-) + (-) = (-)
ex. -5 + -1 = -6
➢ If two integers have different signs, subtract the smaller from the bigger, put the sign
of the bigger.
Examples
1 Work out
−2 + −4
8
2 Work out
1− −4
3 Work out
(-5) + (-2)= ?
4 Work out
−2 − −6
Exercises
1) 10 - (-3)
2) 6 - (+8)
3) -2 - (-4)
9
4) 0 - (-5)
5) - (+3) + (5)
6) 4 - (-2) + (-4)
7) 6 - (-7) + (-8)
8) 8 - (-7) + (-2)
9) 12 + (-8) - (-4)
10) 10 + (-9) + (-7)
11) 9 + (-12) - (-4)
12) 5 + (-1) - (-3)
13) -2 - (-2) + (-4)
14) -3 + (+4) - (+1)
15) - (-4) + (-4) + (-4) + (-4) – (-4)
10
EXERCISES
1) 5 + (-4) - (-3) + 2 – (-1)
2) 5 – 4 + ( - 3 ) – ( - 2 ) + ( - 1)
3) 10 – ( -11) +(-12) + 13 – (-14)
4) (-7) – (-7) + 6 + ( -3 ) + (-9)
5) 12 + 8 – ( -8) + 9 –( -1)
6) 15 – (-5) + 5 – (-10) + (-20)
7) (-5) + (-5) + (-5) + (-5) – (-5)
11
DIRECTED NUMBERS WORD PROBLEMS
KEYWORDS
(+) (-)
Forward Backward
Rise Fall
Ascend Descend
Warmer Colder
More Less
Up Down
Increase Decrease
Above Below
Exercises :
1. The temperature in a room is 12 degrees.

The temperature falls by 21 degrees.
What is the new temperature?
2. A submarine is a depth of – 35m. It rises by 17m.

What is the new depth of the submarine?
12
3. A diver is examining a shipwreck. He dives to a depth of –24m. He then
explores the top of the sunken ship. He descends another 12m to the bottom
of the sunken ship. What is the new depth?
4. At midnight the temperature was – 20C. One hour later it was 10 colder. What
is the new temperature then?
5. At midday the temperature was 180C. Two hours later it was 30 warmer. What
was the new temperature?
6. A rockclimber started at 200 m and came a distance of 50m down the rock
face. How far above sea level was then?
7. At midnight the temperature was – 50C. One hour later it was 20 warmer. What
was the new temperature?
13
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF INTEGERS
POSITIVE x POSITIVE = POSITIVE POSITIVE  POSITIVE = POSITIVE
(+) x (+) = + (+)  (+) = +
NEGATIVE x NEGATIVE = POSITIVE NEGATIVE  NEGATIVE = POSITIVE

(−) x (−) = + (−)  (−) = +
POSITIVE x NEGATIVE = NEGATIVE POSITIVE  NEGATIVE =NEGATIVE
(+)x (−) = − (+)  (−) = −
NEGATIVE x NEGATIVE = POSITIVE NEGATIVE  NEGATIVE = POSITIVE
(−)x(+)= − (−)  (+)= −
Exercises:
1) (−4) x (−2 ) =
2) (-10)  (+5) =
3) (+8) x (-2)=
4) (-8)  (-2)=
5) (+5) x 2 =
6) (-3) x (-4)=
7) (-2) x (+4) =
8) (-18)  (-3)=
9) 420  (-4)=
10) (-75)  (+5) =
14
11) (+9) x (-3) x (-5)=
12) 7 x (+7) x (-7)=
13) 140  (-7) x (-4)=
14) (-2) x (-6)  (-3) x ( +2)=
15) (-180)  (-60) x (-15)=
16) (-90)  15  (-2)=
17) (-3) x 0 x (-8) x(-6) x 9=
18) (-7) x 4x (-5) x (-8) x3=
19) (-4) x(-3) x(-9) x (-2)=
20) (-5) x (-4) x (-5)  (-5)  (-2)=
15
ORDER OF OPERATIONS
Work out the answers to these calculations. Remember to follow the correct order of
operations.
1) [(-4)  (-2)] x [(-3) x (-5)]
2) -6 x 4  [(-9) (-3)]
3) -18  [(-4) + (-2)]
4) [30  (-10)] – [ (-12)  4 ]
5) [(-17)-(-2)]  [ (-9)-(-4)]
16
6) [(-2) x 7 + (-4) ] x [ (-9) – (-4) ]
7) (-7) + (-1) – [8  (-2)]
8) (-3)- (-13)  [ (-5)- (8)]
9) -14  (-2) + 5 x (-4)
10) (-15)  (-3) x (-2) – (-5)
17

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1 Directed Numbers

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SUBJECT 2 : DIRECTED NUMBERS

Negative numbers (–), Zero, Positive Numbers (+)

This is the Number Line:

No Sign Means Positive

If a number has no sign it usually means that it is a positive number.

❖ ZERO is not positive or negative.

❖ Positive number – a number greater than (>) zero.

(Numbers above or right of 0 are positive. )

❖ Negative number – a number less than (<) zero.

( Numbers below or left of 0 are negative. )

Example : Write down the meaning of the following :

➢ Negative Numbers Are Used to Measure Temperature.

➢ Negative Numbers Are Used to Measure Under Sea Level.

$$ you earn $$ you spend

Write an integer to describe the real world situation:

▪ 5 feet below sea level:

▪ Move ahead 4 spaces:

▪ 3 degrees below freezing point :

▪ 10 m below sea level :

A number on the left is less than a number on the right.

A number on the right is greater than a number on the left.

Ex : Compare the following integers with >, < or = .

– 4 ……. – 2 1 …….. – 3 – 5 …….. 0

– 3 ……. – 5 5 …….. 0 – 100 …….. – 1

25 ……… + 25 –10 ……. –1000 20……… 200

❖ Put the following integers in order from least to greatest.

❖ List the following numbers in ascending order.

3, +5, -7, 0, +8, -9, -2

❖ List the following numbers in descending order.

-6, 4, -3, -1, 7, 2, +10

a) Which city was the warmest?

b) Which city was the coldest?

c) Write the temperatures in ascending order.

b) –10, –8, –6, –4, +3, 5

d) All the integers from –3 to 7.

The rules for adding and subtracting directed numbers are:

10) 10 + (-9) + (-7)

11) 9 + (-12) - (-4)

12) 5 + (-1) - (-3)

13) -2 - (-2) + (-4)

14) -3 + (+4) - (+1)

15) - (-4) + (-4) + (-4) + (-4) – (-4)

3) 10 – ( -11) +(-12) + 13 – (-14)

4) (-7) – (-7) + 6 + ( -3 ) + (-9)

6) 15 – (-5) + 5 – (-10) + (-20)

7) (-5) + (-5) + (-5) + (-5) – (-5)

1. The temperature in a room is 12 degrees.

2. A submarine is a depth of – 35m. It rises by 17m.

POSITIVE x POSITIVE = POSITIVE POSITIVE  POSITIVE = POSITIVE

(+) x (+) = + (+)  (+) = +

NEGATIVE x NEGATIVE = POSITIVE NEGATIVE  NEGATIVE = POSITIVE

POSITIVE x NEGATIVE = NEGATIVE POSITIVE  NEGATIVE =NEGATIVE

(+)x (−) = − (+)  (−) = −

NEGATIVE x NEGATIVE = POSITIVE NEGATIVE  NEGATIVE = POSITIVE

(−)x(+)= − (−)  (+)= −

10) (-75)  (+5) =

12) 7 x (+7) x (-7)=

13) 140  (-7) x (-4)=

14) (-2) x (-6)  (-3) x ( +2)=

15) (-180)  (-60) x (-15)=

16) (-90)  15  (-2)=

17) (-3) x 0 x (-8) x(-6) x 9=

18) (-7) x 4x (-5) x (-8) x3=