PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Developmental Stages
I
N M I D D L E & L A T E
Adolescence
Grade 12
 RULES IN THE CLASS

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ADOLESCENCE
Early Adolescence-
around 10 to 13
years old

Middle Adolescence-
around 14 to 16
years old

Late Adolescence-
around 17 to 20
years old
ERI K SON‘S
EI GHT
STAGES OF
Psychosocial Development
 S TAG ES

Trust Vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Initiative Vs. Guilt

Stage: Infancy
Shame & Doubt
Stage: Late Childhood (3-5 years)
(Birth to 6 months) Influential Figure: Parents and
Stage: Early Childhood
Influential Figure: Parents Teachers
(18 months to 13 years)
Influential Figure: Parents
 S TAG ES

Industry vs. Identity vs. Role Intimacy vs.

Inferiority
Stage: School Age (6-12 years)
Influential Figure: Parents and
Teachers
Confusion
Isolation
Stage: Adolescence
(12 to 20 years) Stage: Young Adulthood
Influential Figure: Teachers and (20-25 years)
Significant Others Influential Figure: Friends
 S TAG ES

Generativity vs. Integrity vs.

Stagnation Despair
Stage: Adulthood (25-65 years) Stage: 65 years to Death
Influential Figure: Community Influential Figure: Community
 Adolescence
I D E N T I T Y V S.
Role Confusion
Identity is the concept of an individual
about himself and is often referred to as
“self-identity" that is influenced and
molded by their external environment.
Adolescence
I D E N T I T Y V S.
Role Confusion

These may include the manner by

which they interact with people.
Adolescence
I D E N T I T Y V S.
Role Confusion
For example, the youngest child
who is alwaystreated as the
“baby” of the family, will develop
an identity of a child who needs to
be taken care of.
 Adolescence
I D E N T I T Y V S.
Role Confusion
Identity is a self-belief of what the individual thinks and feels about
himself. Roles oftentimes form part of this self-identity, such as birth
order in the family, the nature of work, occupation or title, and
academic and social standing. Identity is also influenced by how
others perceive an individual. For example, an eldest child may
develop an authoritative identity, the kuya or ate whom their siblings
look upon as the substitute parent when they are not around.
 Adolescence
I D E N T I T Y V S.
Role Confusion
Role confusion is the negation of self-identity, in a sense that there is
confusion over one’s self-concept or the absence or lack of such a
concept. Role confusion affects an individual’s relationship with
others, because there is no clear definition of what he is and how he
relates to others. For example: the eldest child who is treated as the
baby of the family will end up confused over his identity. When this
eldest child who thinks he is still a baby will have difficulty dealing
with other people who may expect him to behave and think like a
panganay rather than a bunso.

CHAN GES
during adolescence
The adolescent's physiological transitioning is very
pronounced at this stage. Puberty kicks in and is
fueled by the hormonal changes that are occurring
and pushing the adolescent toward sexual
maturation. At this stage, the brain also continues to
develop. Cognitive growth among adolescents is
usually marked by the way they are able to
comprehend abstract concepts, such as freedom and
human rights. Their beliefs about morality, religion,
and politics are also starting to evolve.
This is the stage when young men
and women begin to askquestions
about the status quo, about the way
things happen, and usually counter
questionsor situations with a
challenging question of, “why not?”
Idealism is very prominent
among adolescents, and so is
their inclination toward
becoming very self-conscious
and egocentric.
Reckless behavior of adolescents are
sometimes attributed to the
development of their brainssince their
ability to make plans and see the
consequences of their actions are not
yet fullydeveloped unlike in adults (Feist
& Rosenberg, 2012).
continuation..
Experimentation is a common activity among adolescents as they search
for their identity. They want to be treated as adults, and they see adult
behavior as something to emulate. Unfortunately, they also mimic negative
behaviors like smoking and drinking, which are perceived as marks of
manhood in some cultures such as ours. Different clothing and
fashionstyles are often the most obvious ways used by adolescents in
expressing their independenceand in asserting their unique selves. They
also search for social groups with whom they findcommon interests to
further validate their chosen identity. In most high schools, variousstudent
organizations are being offered to students for them to choose from.
Joining theseorganizations according to one's interest is part of the
adolescent's continuing formation ofself-identity.
Changes During Adolescence
continuation..
Socializing among male and female adolescents also occur in this phase. In
this digital era,online friendships abound-thanks to social networking sites
such as Facebook, Instagram,andTwitter.Online games are also popular
among adolescents, partly due to the social aspect ofthe game and the
need to develop abstract reasoning that is built in these games.
Oftentimes,adolescents are already online friends even before they could
meet face-to-face.
Sexual experimentation also happens at this stage.However, due to their
underdevelopedcognitive and affective capacities and education of the
matter, this experimentation sometimesend up in disaster, such as teen
pregnancies and contracting sexually transmitted diseases.

A D O LESC E N CE
and Social Behavior
Every culture has a representation of how their
adolescent population behaved over thedecades. For
example, in the USA,the term “teenage rebellion"
was popularized in the 1950swith the Beat
movement at its forefront. Popular rebel teen stars
such as James Dean andwriter Jack Kerouac became
the icons of that era.
Local teenagers copied their
American counterparts. It was the
era of the “Lo' WaistGang," where
actors wore tight fitting jeans and
pompadour hairstyles slopped with
pomade.
Authentic Beat style as seen at the
Co-Existence Bagel shop in San
Francisco in the 1950s(photo from
“TheBeats"by Mike Evans). Left, hip
style helped sell products like
Apache stockings.
In the 1960s and 1970s, it was the hippie
movementand flower power that became the
trademark of thegeneration of adolescents
and young adults. The use ofpsychedelic
drugs and other hypnotic substances
werepopular; thus, supporting the theories
about adolescenceand the experimentation
that they were going through.
continuation..
Social issues also became the popular themes of this era,with the anti-war
movement against the war in Vietnamwhere the slogan “Make Love, Not
War" became popular.
The gathering at Woodstock in upstate New York,where the hippies got
together for three days amidst music,drugs, and sex, also became one of
the enduring symbolsthat immortalized this generation.
On the local scene, social and political activists, mostlyhigh school and
college students, were in the midst of thepolitical turmoil that dominated
the Philippines before andduring Martial Law.

Adolescence & Social Behavior

continuation..
While there were activist students marching aroundthe streets of Manila,
other young Filipinos went up tothe hills of Antipolo, Rizal to hold their own
version ofWoodstock, dubbed as the Antipolo Rock Festival held in1970.
Toward the new millennium, the new adolescents whowere born from
1981 and 1996 (Dimock, 2018) becameknown as the “millennials." This
generation was born in themidst of a great technology boom, hence, they
were alsoStudent protestersreferred to as "digitalI natives" versus the
previous generation who were referred to as “digitalimmigrants,” having
migrated from non-digital to digital technology.

Adolescence & Social Behavio

continuation..
The social lives of the millennials are driven by technology and theirsocial
interactions are dictated by their use of social media networks,mobile
phones, and other gadgets.
Meanwhile, the next generation born after the millennials hasnot yet been
given an official name and their years of birth not yetdefined. However,
marketing organizations have started calling this newgeneration as
Generation Z, and Randstad Canada describes GenerationZ as those born
between 1995 and 2010 (Randstad, 2015).

Adolescence & Social Behavio

continuation..
There is an interesting social phenomenon that hastaken over the world
today and it is called the “selfie”phenomenon. People's penchant to take
their solo picturesor in a setting with interesting backgrounds, and
uploadingthese to their social networking sites is definitely creatingan
impact on the way young people see themselves.Theuse of Facebook,
Instagram,and Snapchat, three of themost popular social media, shows the
way millennials livetoday. Social media have become their outlet to
expressthemselves, communicate with each other, andeven meet new
people. There are dangers inusing social media though, particularly
breachof one's privacy, and connecting with strangers

Adolescence & Social Behavio

 Skills and Task
A PP R O PR I A TE
for
Middle & Late
Adolescence
continuation..
What do Filipino adolescents need to learn in terms of developmental tasks
and skillsin order for them to grow into well-rounded young adults? Let us
first take a look at whatAmerican society more or less expects from their
adolescents to learn, according to a studyconducted by the Work-Life
Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, entitled“Raising
Teens Project” (Simpson, 2012). The study enumerated 10 desirable
developmentaltasks every adolescent in America should develop:

Skills & Tasks Appropriate


1.Adjust to sexually maturing
bodies and feelings-being aware
of the bodily changeshappening,
managing sexual feelings, and
engaging in healthy sexual
behaviors.
T A S K S
2.Develop and apply abstract
thinking skills - effectively
understand and coordinateabstract
ideas, thinking out possibilities, trying
out theories, planning
ahead,reflecting on how and what
they are thinking, and coming out
with their ownpersonal philosophies.
3.Develop and apply a new
perspective on human relationships -
developing thecapacity for
compassion by learning how to put
 T A S K S

4.Develop and apply new coping skills 5.Identify meaningful moral standards, 6.Understand and express more complex
in areas such as decision-making, emotional experiences-becoming more
values, and belief systems - because of
intouch with their emotions and see the
problemsolving, and conflict resolution theiridealism, adolescents develop complex variances among strong
- adolescents acquire new thinking more complex understanding of emotionsand feelings, understanding the
capabilities thatwill help them engage morality, justice,and compassion that emotions and feelings of other persons,
in more creative strategies for problem leads to the formation of their own andlearning how to detach themselves
solving, decision-making, and belief systems that willguide their from emotional situations whenever the
resolving conflict. decisions and behaviors. needarises.
 T A S K S

7.Form friendships that are mutually 9.Meet the demands of increasingly

close and supportive - peer influence is 8.Establish key aspects of identity - be
mature roles and responsibilities - it is
encouraged to develop their own importantfor the emerging adult to acquire
verystrong among adolescents and
healthy self-concepts that reflect their skills and knowledge that will provide him
this should be able to steer an
uniqueness in relation to themselves, withmeaningful careers and jobs and to
adolescent towardproductive and live up to the expectations regarding
positive relationships, behavior, and their families andfriends, and with the
commitmentto family, community, and
thinking. bigger community.
nation-building.
 T A S K S

10. Renegotiate relationships with

adults in parenting roles-the
adolescent stage seesthe movement
toward independence and autonomy.
continuation..
Let us now examine the developmental tasks a Filipino adolescent needs to
learn. Filipinoauthors Corpuz et al. (2010), in their book, Child and
Adolescent Development, identifiedsimilar developmental tasks for Filipino
adolescents. These are:

Skills & Tasks Appropriate

 T A S K S

3.Ability to manage their finances - the

2.Self-reliance - the ability to identify ability to discern what is the
1.Developing occupational skills - skills their own skills and knowledge, differencebetween wants and needs, and
that can help the adolescent capabilities,and resources to engage in be able to learn self-control when
developresponsibility as a preparation meaningful activities and not rely too handling theirfinances. As early as
for gainful employment ahead. possible, the adolescent should learn
much on others.
financial literacy throughvarious means
available to them.
 T A S K S

6.Personal responsibility- to be fully

4.Social responsibility - adolescents responsible for their own decisions and
should be able to see beyond 5.Mature work orientation-to develop actionsby owning them, to become aware
themselves, takeinto consideration the pride in what they do and raise of the repercussions or results of the
greater community around them, and standards ofexcellence in the quality of decisionsthey make and be mature
see their role inimproving and their work. enough to own these results, and to
developing these communities, serving refrain from puttingblame on others for
the results of their decisions and actions.
as change agents.
 T A S K S

7.Positive attitude toward work - in the book, The

Prophet by the Lebanese poet,Kahlil Gibran,he
wrote, “Work is love made visible.” Developing a
healthy andpositive attitude toward work means
that we see work as an expression of our lovefor
people who are important to us, including
ourselves.
continuation..
Additional developmental tasks and skills such as the following are equally
important fora Filipino adolescent to acquire:

Skills & Tasks Appropriate

 T A S K S
2.Developing self-esteem. Learn to
1.Being courageous in standing up and understand, accept, and appreciate
being different from your friends. oneself asa unique person. Avoiding
Theadolescent needs to feel he or she comparisons between you and other
belongs to a group. people is also ahealthy way to develop
self-esteem.
3.Being true to yourself and avoiding the
tendency to please others.
Adolescentsfind it difficult to assert their
individuality or uniqueness because they
are afraidothers will not approve or like
them, or will not allow them to become a
member ofa group. Conformity often
occurs during this stage of development.

4.Learning how media and advertising
are trying to influence your thinking
andfeelings. Understand that news is
reported for a reason: to ultimately
serve thepurpose of someone or some
organization.
T A S K S
5.Becoming aware, critical, and being
involved with social issues. Ask
questionsand speak up whenever
possible to address social issues such
as poverty andcorruption.
6.Embracing a healthy lifestyle. Becoming
aware of your health and the food youeat,
and engaging in sports and other physical
activities beneficial to your well-
being.Learn to relax.
 T A S K S

7.Developing your spirituality. Finding 8.Financial literacy. This is a skill

what gives meaning to your life and to thatmany Filipinos need to
all theexperiences you are going acquire,especially adolescents who are
through. justabout to enter adult life.
TH A NK S

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