Prepared by:

Mr. Rogelio L. Paredes Jr.

NOTE:

For every meeting, there

will be a quiz on current
events related to our
subject matter.
 RELASYON NG MGA
MAMAMAYAN SA MGA
PULITIKO
 POLITICAL TERMS

 Neophyte – first-time politician

 V-day - election day
 Retail
command votes - captures a
small amount or a limited number
of votes
 Freemarket votes - votes captured
through media
 POLITICAL TERMS

 Politicalapathy – one’s vote does

not really count or no contribution to
the reform of government.
 Political economy – influence of
politics and economy on each
other; what government should do
in the economy
 POLITICAL TERMS

 Political literacy – ability to think

and speak intelligently about
politics
 Political process – set of
procedures being followed to
resolve problems and important
issues affecting large number of
people.
KEY TERMS IN POLITICS

 Political socialization – process of

acquiring knowledge about politics
by being exposed to information
from parents, educational
institutions, mass media, politicians
and the community.
Isit important for
you to be aware or
involved in politics?
 Understanding Politics
 ONE GREAT WIT once said that
of the three major human
activities:
1. social (pleasure),
2. economic (profit)and
3. politics (power)
the last one is admittedly the most
obsessive and the lords of
pleasure and profit almost always
end up in bended knees before
the lord of power.
 Power (political power)
is a treacherous
possession because of
what it can do to those
who win it.
 Assignment Number 2
Submission - 03082024
 Choose a newspaper published on the day you were born or
the nearest available day. Focus on the national or local
news section for insights into the Philippines' political
landscape. Look for articles on elections, government
policies, or major developments. Note political figures, parties,
and significant events. Analyze the tone and language for
perspectives. Consider supporting visuals and opinion pieces.
Summarize essential points, events, and developments to
paint a detailed picture of the political climate. Include
quotes or snippets from articles for credibility. Please attach a
copy of the newspaper.
Kung may magulang na may sakit at alagain, hwag i-
dedma.
Wag ding i-asa na lang sa isang kapatid lamang ang pag-
aalaga.
Magkakapatid: pare-pareho kayong anak, pinakain,
pinalaki at maaaring pina-aral pa.
SO, HATI-HATI SA PAG-AALAGANG PERSONAL.
While dapat everyone contributes financially,
It's not enough; dapat lahat ay personal ding mag-alaga by
turns.
Kung hindi magawa dahil "busy", at least, magpadala ng
nurse o yaya-dub na ikaw ang magbabayad! Kung walang
pambayad, gumawa ng paraan na makag-alaga pa rin.
 WHAT IS POLITICS?

 art of governance
 art
of winning and
holding on to power
 anart to take
advantage –
PATRONAGE
POLITICS,
 QUID PRO QUO
 Politics is an unavoidable
fact of human existence.
 Everyone is involved in
some fashion. In some
kind of political system -
that which presents any
persistent pattern of
human relationships that
involve, to a significant
extent, control,
influence, power or
authority.
 Having once savored
the vibrating spirit of
political power, those
who possess it will stop
at nothing to be able to
keep it forever, if
possible, for power
tends not to pacify but
to whet the appetite for
more.
 WHAT IS POLITICS?

 Standard definition of
politics certainly
includes some
essential elements –
power, rule, authority,
influence, and the
manner in which all
are acquired and
exercised.
 WHAT IS POLITICS?
 Such a manner
can be
democratic,
autocratic,
theocratic,
authoritarian,
consensual or
invasional.
 WHAT IS POLITICS?

 Politics – is the owning and

exercising of power, rule,
authority, and influence for
whatever reasons.
 It is the study of power and
the powerful, of influence
and influential, of rulers and
the ruled, and of authority
and the authoritative.
 48 LAWS OF POWER – ROBERT
GREENE
 WHAT IS POLITICS?

 It is the heart of
political science
 It is the study of the
affairs of the polis
(city-state) which he
defined as the most
sovereign and
inclusive association.
(Plato)
 WHAT IS POLITICS?

 It is the existence of
rules and authority
(Robert Dahl)
 Set of activities on how
group of people
decide
 Is the activity or process
by which groups reach
and enforce binding
decisions (Hague &
Harrop, 2013)
 WHAT IS POLITICS?

 Setof activities that

organizes individuals,
systematically resolves
disputes, and maintains
order in society
through creation and
enforcement of rules
and government PEACE AND ORDER. Philippine National Police-National Capital Region
(PNP-NCR) maintain peace and order along Padre Faura in Manila
during the oral arguments on the quo warranto petition against Chief

policy
Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno on Friday (May 11, 2018). The Supreme
Court en banc voted 8-6 to nullify the appointment of Sereno. (PNA photo
by Jess Escaros Jr.)
 What is power?

 refers to the ability or

the right to do
something, the ability
to exercise authority
over others
 implies a hierarchy of
control of the stronger
over the weaker
 What is power?
 is the ability to control
actions of others through
such diverse means such
as brute force,
negotiation, promise of
rewards, social exchange
of goods and services, or
appeals to the common
good.
Power and Authority

If power is legitimate it is
authority.

Authority comes from different

sources: tradition, charisma
and legal definition.
Power and Authority

Power - it is broader concept than authority

- is the ability/ potentials of a person
to influence another person or a group to
perform an act.
Authority
- is having the legitimate right to wield
power (police and military commanders
have the authority to command others)
e.g. teachers have the authority to
teach
 Politics,then, becomes
too important and risky
to be left alone to
politicians and political
scientists for in the
language of Aristotle,
men are by nature
social/ political
animals.
 Bases of Social Power
 In the late 1950s, John French and Bertram Raven
published “The bases of social power” which
included five distinct types of power.
 Bases of Social Power
1. Expert Power - is based on the
perception that the leader
possesses some special knowledge
or expertise.
2. Referent Power - is based on the
follower's liking, admiring, or
identifying with the leader.
3. Reward Power - based on the
leader's capacity to mediate
rewards for the follower
 Bases of Social Power

4. Legitimate Power - is based on

the follower's perception that
the leader has the legitimate
right or authority to exercise
influence over him or her
5. Coercive Power - is based on
the follower's fear that non-
compliance with the leader's
wishes will lead to punishment.
 Politics and Political
institutions

Politics
 refers to the operations of
government, societal structures
and procedures for decision-
making, like settling of disputes,
distributing goods and services,
defending the group and
socializing problems
 WHAT IS POLITICS?

 It is the art of compromise

to achieve certain ends.

 The capacity to say NO

to something dangerous
and inimical to public
interest.
Politics promotes the ability of political and
governance leaders to say NO to:
 corruption,
 mediocrity,
 dishonesty,
 fraud, and
 all other unethical practices in the performance of
public service and in the exercise of functions and
responsibilities, be it public or private.
 commission of the acts that
mostly involve the use of
government properties like
vehicles, resources, supplies and
facilities to meet personal needs.
Politics in a broad sense is the art and science
of governance; the activities of a
government, politician or a political party.

It can also be the pursuit and exercise of

political power necessary to make binding
policy decisions for the community and to
distribute patronage and other governmental
benefits.
 Politics
– who gets
what, when, and
how. (Harold
Laswell) e.g.
Turncoatism
Turncoatism
A) Change of political party
affiliation during an elective
public officer's term of
office.
B)Change of political party
affiliation by any party
member within six (6) months
immediately preceding or
following an election.
S. No. 2376
Origin of Politics
 Political – Greek Word
– polis
 Polis – city-state (the
only form of
government known to
the ancient Greeks)
 Polites – citizen
 Politikos – Government
Official
POLITICS AT A GLANCE
Exercise

P Power
u P
r r
p a
o c
Authority POLITICS Influence
s t
e i
s c
e
Rule s

Acquisition
Where there are:

 Interactions
 Intercourse
 Disagreements
 Contradictions
 Associations
 Promotions
 Nominations
 Elections
 And decisions, there is politics
 Politics
exists at any time in any
place, with somebody trying to
O___ and E_______ power and
influence to attain given
O_______.
 Images of Politics

 Itcan be used as a framework for

analyzing the political dynamics
and the policy process, at least in
the context of the Philippine
political environment.
 IMAGES OF POLITICS

 X-Men (XEN) Politics -

includes factors and
players that are less
prominently
mentioned, less
openly named, less
publicly involved but
actively engaged in
fixing and managing Narco-politics is the use of
self-serving political politics to influence or sponsor
decisions. the illegal drug trade.
 IMAGES OF POLITICS

 Board-Room
(BORO) Politics –
Involves decision
making by business
elites and
professionals but
with important
public
consequences.
 IMAGES OF POLITICS

 Bureaucratic
(BUREAU) Politics -
means rule
making and
adjudication by
bureaucrats, with
inputs from clients
and professionals.
 IMAGES OF POLITICS

 At present, there are more than

6,000 middle-level administrative
positions in the bureaucracy that
are open for political
appointments.
e.g. political patronage
 In politics and government, a spoils system (also
known as a patronage system) is a practice in
which a political party, after winning an
election, gives government jobs to its
supporters, friends (cronyism), and relatives
(nepotism) as a reward for working toward
victory, and as an incentive to keep working for
the party-as opposed to a merit system, where
offices are awarded or promoted on the basis
of some measure of merit, independent of
political activity.
 IMAGES OF POLITICS
 Congress (CON) Politics - involves policy
making by legislators, constrained by
various constituencies.
 E.g. formulating public policies can delay
the passage of a bill
 Lobbying of Interests representatives –
crucial through who gets what, when
and how.
 Congressional hearings show the nature
of CON politics.
 IMAGES OF POLITICS
 Chief Executive (CHEX) politics
- refers to a process dominated
by presidents, governors,
mayors, and their advisers.
Oftentimes, chief executives
possess and exercise
discretionary powers (political
expediency rather than
meritocracy) that produce
beneficial effects to many but
detrimental to some few.
When chief executive talks,
everybody listens
 IMAGES OF POLITICS

 Presidential
politics is the
exercise of power
to achieve
political objectives
as deemed
necessary by the
President.
 IMAGES OF POLITICS
 Court-Room (CORO) Politics
- refers to court orders and
decisions of prosecutors,
judges, and or justices in
response to interest groups
and aggrieved individuals
 Act as balancer and
equalizer of justice in the
settlement of disputes
between the litigants
 E.g. Temporary Restraining
Order
 IMAGES OF POLITICS
Court decisions can:
1. put political
opponents to jail
2. delay the execution
of legislative and
executive decisions
3. stop the operation of
business
4. decide to reverse or
delay decisions
previously made
 IMAGES OF POLITICS

 Multimedia (MUME) Politics -

means the galvanization of
public opinion, usually
through the newspapers,
radio, television, and other
forms of mass media.
 All these mass media
promote the political
interests and choices of
those who own them, pay
them, and use them.
 Media can make or break a
leader (e.g. president)
 IMAGES OF POLITICS
 Newspapers
owned and
controlled by Jose
Burgos during
Marcos
authoritarian rule
 IMAGES OF POLITICS

 Faith-Based (FABA)
Politics - is one
where decisions are
made by leaders
and members of
religious groups and
have political
implications.
 IMAGES OF POLITICS

 Game of the Generals (GAGE)

Politics - involves the calculated
decisions of the military and
police generals and other
subordinates to effect
preferences in the political
arena. E.g. AGPOE, AGPING,
AGGLO
 Militics – military politics – based
on patronage and favoritism
rather than qualification
 IMAGES OF POLITICS
 Civil Society
(CISO) Politics - is
the high profile
socio-political
engagement and
proactive
lobbying of
voluntary groups
such as non-
governmental
organizations,
peoples
organizations,
professional
associations and
cooperatives.
Warning to the reader!!!

Ifyou believe politics is

dirty and remain hopeless
about it – this lecture is
not for you.
Warning to the reader!!!

 Ifyou wish to survive politics

anywhere and never attempt
to find out how – please do not
continue this course.
Warning to the reader!!!

 If
you believe politics is good
and never attempt to examine
why – better pass this lecture to
a hopeful nerd.
Warning to the reader!!!

 Ifyou think effective governance is

what matters for meaningful
reforms and make no effort to be
part of it – better give this lesson as
a gift to your immediate boss
Warning to the reader!!!

 Ifyou think you can be an

excellent governance agent
and do nothing to get things
done - please return this lecture
to where it came from.
ESSENTIALS OF POLITICS
P- ower refers to the
persuasive, authoritative
or coercive capacity to
get things done.
O - rganization refers to the
machinery that carries out
plans, programs, and
strategies.
L - eadership refers to the
exercise of authority,
whether informal or formal,
official or unofficial, in
directing and coordinating
the works of others
I- nfluence refers to indirect
and intangible ways of
achieving planned outcomes
or pre-determined results
(position, wealth, image, and
connections make influence
possible)
T - imelines refer to the use
of deadlines through
conscious reference to
calendars to control
effectiveness, efficiency,
efficacy, relevance and
responsiveness.
I - ssues refer to the
problems, concerns and
programs being addressed
to draw positive client
reaction.
C - ommunication refers to the
development and promotion of
messages that build images and
market programs and ideas. (It
needs communication channels
– verbal/written – good
speakers/writers are necessary).
Effective politics requires a multi-
media communication plan.
S - ecurity refers to the
safekeeping and maximizing of
information and resources for
stability and mobility. It requires
the conscious use of 201 files,
character check and
background or social
investigation.