Email: mybnt@uel.edu.

vn
GG classroom: 2vj7ht7
Book: law on enterprises 2020
BUỔI 1
Link luat ;
https://www.mzv.cz/public/6f/5/6b/1810642_1462220_Law_on_Enterpri
se_No_68_2014_English.pdf

CHAPTER 1
5 doanh nghiep va 4 cty
Clasfication of vietnam
1. Sole proprietorship (1 member) (DN tu nhan) not the legal identities,
=> member MUST BE natural person
2. Partnership (>=2)
3. Limited liability company (1 member) => CAN BE legal person (cty
mẹ) or natural person
4. ----------------------------------(2 or more member) (cty trach nhiem huu
han 2 tv)
5. Joint - stock company (>= 3 member) (cty co phan) => The general
meeting shareholder and the board of director, several UL
Example: UL ( liên đới chịu trách nhiệm vô hạn - pay all the debt) Bank
can yêu câu bất kỳ ai trả nợ, k thể yêu cầu partner khác trả trừ khi có hợp
đồng giữa mình & partner đó.
enterprises
6. t*= tion, m= ment
I. A company is a legal person except for the sole proprietorship

_ Interlegal role?
_ Body and organ that make decisions of company
Example: The brand of CTY trach nhiem hh: Member’s council (decide
what contract to sign, ask all member to sign contract is difficult => need
legal prepresentator)
_ When A and B company sigh contract => Right and liability create
between A and B company.
_ Legal person:
2,3,4,5: company sign contract cuz it has legal identities and status. It’s
owner - separate from company
Breach the contract: vi pham hop dong, people can sue company, not
owner

-Phân biệt đc tư cách chủ thể và chủ sở hữu vì 2 cái này separate
- Người đại diện cty đi ký hợp đồng, nếu cty vi phạm hợp đồng, ngta chỉ
kiện cty chứ k phải chủ sở hữu\
_NOT all “legal person” are enterprises
If all the company like legal person, it means they were born, grow up
and die?!
II. Concept of enterprises
Enterprises mean an organzation that has a proper name, asset, premises,
is established and registered in accordance with law for business purposes
ELEMENTS
_ Organisation: A lot of people ( like a machine)
_Name (natural role to distinsquish with other company, should choose
unique name) - art 37 - 43
The rule of name (về search coi lại)
+ don’t put the name is similar and confusing name with the existing
company, state organisations,….
+ social organisasions don’t need the name
+ don’t use the name against traditions of VN
_ Headquarter premises
_ Assets
_ Purposes

Which name are accepted by the Department of Planning and Investment

(sở kế hoạch và đầu tư)? And why?
a&b
Create company => nộp hồ sơ lên Sở KH và ĐT cấp tỉnh
_ Asset: no asset => go bankrupt
+ Legal capital: vốn xác định ( the minimum amount of capital 1000 -
3000 billions some business fields like real estates, banking, insurance..
requires by a law)
+ Charter capital: vốn điều lệ ( course of capital, contributed by the
owners or the members)
Example: the owner A (1000 billions) and B (2000 billions) => the
charter capital is 3000 billions. It doesn’t mean A contribute, he may be
contribute in the future
+ assets (art 37 -41, cl 34, art 7)
=> legal capital < charter capital.
- statutory period: theo luật định
Sau khi cty tạo và pt, asset unchange, it depends on the operation of
company ( can increase or decrease), thay doi theo hoat dong cty
+ charter capital increase and decrease, depend on the member
contributions, thay doi khi co them chu so huu

Business lines and fields

Prohibited business lines: are professions prohibited by the National
Assembly, the People’s Committee and the Government in laws,
ordinates and decree.
Nói owners chứ k phải cty
If unlimited enterprises has a debt, you pay the personal asset for paying the debt.
In joint stock company, if it goes bankrupt, you just lose your rights, not your money
_ Example: You have 10 billion, take 1 billion to create a company and save 9 billion. If you form a sole
proprietorship, and this company has a debt of 2 billion, how to solve it? If you form a limited liability
company, and this company has a debt
of 2 billion, how to solve it?

TH1: for the limited liability, the owner need do use personal asset (1 in 9 billions) to pay the debt,
TH2: chỉ lose invetsment chứ k phải personal asset nếu là unlimited.
Nếu đại diện cty mượn nợ, you don’t need to pay.
Cách giải quyếtkhi unlimited????
Enterprise registration
Contribute the enterprise to the company , you have the capital contribution portion
Contribute can calculate by money, value it. (the price of house )

Options when contribute

_ need agreement of all member
_ want the house increase prices but the parners don’t, we need valuation,
organisation, devisation and at least 50% members
=> You cannot contribute your assset.
The house price 1b, we agree 2b => company, cuz the acctual illegal but
it’s okay (no sanction). Chỉ xét trg hợp we gây tổn thất nào cho các bên
khác => k ảnh hưởng gì cả.
No separation => business?
Transfer ownership for LLc, joint stock company. (90 days to get
certificates)
The owner’s house, I must change my name from a house to a company
name.
90 days to contribute for charter capital.
* You change the house to company, 10 days later you know the price of
house is 2b, you cannot own the house anymore cuz you transfer the
ownership, you cannot have asset of the house.

a. yes or no. It depends on the case ( can create MB bank and Viettel, if it
makes profit => illegal)
b. Yes, both
c. Yes cuz it’s not professional
d. No, they don’t have idividual capacity to manage (couse 2d, art 17)
e. It depends on the case, điên chỉ chứng minh bởi tòa, she or he can
establish…
f. It depends on…. (giống câu e)
g. No cuz not a legal person. It’s organisation. Has no status, legal
entity,..
h. No
i. It depends on the ability to handle the company

CHAPTER 2
Sole proprietership ( 1person) => natural person
Partnership (2 or more people)
1. Individual (liability)
2.
2. Not individual
Sole pripropriety (SP) cannot create any enterprise (unlinmited
company)=> the owner paid the debt
The business assset is your asset, can be use freely. => donot need to
transfer.
- Share like your invests => you have a price to profit, company make a
loss => you will lose your investment.
- Bonds: Company make a loss, the company have to pay for u.
=> SP not handle issue relevant to bonds and shares.
You cannot enterprise when you have unlimited liability.

First and second enterprise, you have to paid the debt by your assetfor
both time => out of money when you are unlimited liability in both
period. But unlimited and limited or both limited is possible.
If you have a partnership, the other argeement to pay.

1) False, he or she use ALL his or her asset.

2) True. (part c of 180)
3) True.
1. False ( the number of )
2. False (…)
3. False ( the sole p)
4. True
5. False (the sp)
6. True
7. True
The sole propriety has the unlimited liability (false), the owner has the
unlimited.
SP cannot create another enterprise. Enterprise cannot create enterprise
but the owner can create.

General partner (thành viên hợp danh) (must have, >= 2 members)
idiidual, cannot organisation (ULability) cannot use asset freely but had
to pay debt when company nợ
Limited partners (thành viên góp vốn) ( co cung dc, k co cung k sao) can
be organistion or individual (LL) same wwith the owner sole
priprotership.
Thre is saperation between the asset of the owneship and partnership. It
means genneral partners not free using asset free but the Sp can.

Example: Company (UL) with 2 biliions debt, asset is 1 billions, how do

you handle asset wwith your partner?
1 billion in asset use to pay debt, limited partner dont need to pay. The
company to ask A or B, or A&B pay the debt.
Thuê D tư nhân, chủ DN vẫn phải chịu trách nhiệm dựa trên hợp đồng
thuê.

HỘI ĐỒNG TV: member’s council

Chủ tịch HĐTV: Chairman of the member’s Council (general partner)
GĐ, TGĐ: Director (General partner)
What are the strengths and weaknesses of SP, P'ship, and LLC 2+?
https://grasshopper.com/resources/jump-starting-and-growing-your-
business/nuts-and-bolts/#

PROS AND CONS OF SOLE PROPRIETORSHIPS

If you’ve decided to take on this endeavor by yourself, a sole proprietorship is

probably the way to go. The advantage? Complete control.
Unlike an LLC, there aren’t any complicated legal agreements involved that
determine ownership. If you’re a sole proprietor, you can run the business
however you want.
THE PROS THE CONS
EASY TO REGISTER, UNLIMITED LIABILITIES
ONWER DIE => COMPANY
CAN USE ENTERPRISE DIE
MONEY TO BUY PERONAL
ASSETS

Complete control and flexibility Personally liable for all

to run the business as you see business debts, you MUST
fit make all decision by yourself

Unlimited liability means Banks are reluctant to give

creditors are more likely to loans due to higher turnover
extend credit if needed rates and usually smaller assets

You receive all business profits Creditors can go after your

personal property to satisfy a
claim if your business assets
aren’t enough

Smaller amounts of capital Since the business relies on

make for easier organization ONE person only, it is harder to
raise capital on a long-term
basis

PROS AND CONS OF LIMITED LIABILITY CORPORATIONS (LLC)

With the limited liability characteristics of a corporation and the convenience of a

flow-through income taxation (where the income of the business is filed as part of
 the owner’s personal income and not taxed separately), this option is suitable for
multiple ownership circumstances.

THE PROS THE CONS

You have the flexibility of being taxed as a As an LLC member, you cannot pay yourself
sole proprietor, partnership, S corporation wages.
or C corporation.

Less paperwork and lower filing costs High renewal fees or publication requirements
can be pricey, depending on your state.

You can form an LLC with as little as one Many states have a franchise or capital values
person, but you can also have an unlimited tax on LLC’s, ranging from a flat fee to an
number of members. amount based on the company’s revenue

Flow-through income taxation, keeping Investors may be more likely to put their
things simple money into a corporation, making it harder to
raise financial capital

Members are protected from some (or Unless you are running the LLC alone, the
sometimes all) liability if the company runs ownership of the business is spread across its
into legal issues or debts. members (this can also be a pro)

Members can receive revenues (and write

off forfeitures) that are larger than their
individual ownership percentage.

WHAT ABOUT PARTNERSHIPS?

In this context, a partnership is a business union in which two or more individuals

manage and maintain their business. Unlike a corporation or LLC, a partnership
requires no incorporation paperwork with the Federal government. Therefore,
the three types of partnerships – general, limited or limited liability – are
somewhat informal structures.
In a General Partnership, all owners (or general partners (GPs) are equally
responsible for the debts of the business, each assuming unlimited liability.
THE PROS THE CONS
HAVE MORE RANGE OF LEGAL ENTITY =>
MAKING DECISION, RAISE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPANY
CAPITAL EASILY, IF THE OWNER DIE =>
COMPANY EXIST
THE AMOUNT OF MEMBER IS
LIMITED, BUT FOR LIMITED
PARTNER IS NOT LIMITED.

Flow-through income taxation Each owner is equally

for all partners responsible for debt and loss
 THE PROS
HAVE MORE RANGE OF
MAKING DECISION, RAISE
CAPITAL EASILY,
Less expensive and less
paperwork than incorporating
or filing to become an LLC.
More complicated than sole
proprieties, simple than joint
stock company
Partners can pool resources
and share the financial
obligation rather than facing it
alone
No rigid, obligatory corporate
structure
CHAPTER 3:
Law 46: careful the amount of members and the nature of members
1,2,3,4 the amount is not enough
5 organisation, amount but change 1SP+ 1LL not create the LLC2+ cuz SP not legal person. (course 2,
Art 180)
THE CONS
LEGAL ENTITY =>
RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPANY
IF THE OWNER DIE =>
COMPANY EXIST
THE AMOUNT OF MEMBER IS
LIMITED, BUT FOR LIMITED
PARTNER IS NOT LIMITED.
Creditors can go after your
personal property to satisfy a
claim if your business assets
aren’t enough
Liable for debts and actions of
your partner
Limited capacity to raise
money and attract investors
6 depends on general partner (if they create same fields to benefit themselves => cannot create),
same fields but not benefit is possible.
7,8
Partnership + A + B (sp) is possible if B agree ( course 1, article 180)
( if LLc 2+ get profit, you get money for youself => benefit)
UL + UL => impossible
L + UL => impossible
L + L => impossible
****General partner (Thành viên hợp danh) can create other enterprise BUT CANNOT create other
enterprise if same fields to benefit for themselves. (course 2) In case, same fields but not benefit is
still possible.
What you receive from LLC except the company assets?
=> LR stake (VỐN GỐC) money, but not your company assets
- If transfer your asset to company asset => you receive the stake
I cannot create LLC and cannot a new member of LLC

Dillute ( example you invest 1billion, 20% for company charter capital, if company raise capital 10
billions => your invest just 10%, có thể góp thêm vào để giữ tỉ lệ 20%)
The remaining member first and
MC: member council

1. Will (di chucs)

3. if the mc agree with that, it is possible
Art 75
120 days to have charter capital. 90 days for the members góp vốn. Nếu qua 90 ngày mà member k
góp vốn => có 30 ngày để change the charter capital

Board of controller: ban kiem soat

More Capital => more power
MEETING: triệu tập có hợp lệ hay không? Số lượng tham gia đủ vs tiêu chuẩn hay chưa? Vấn đề đưa
ra có hợp lệ hay không?
1. Convene
2. Happen?
3. Approval?
4.

1. No SP not legal person

2. Yes cuz LLC is individual
3. Ok cuz it’s legal person.
4. Ok cuz it’s organstion and individual.
5. Article 180, if they create same fields to benefit themselves => cannot create), same fields but not
benefit is possible.
6. The number is over 1
7. The number is over 1
8. Clause 2, Art 17, cannot create enterprise.
Art 76
- 1e. individual can create a lot of enterprise, not cty me cty con
- 1i: cannot bring LLc 2+ => LLC 1
1 (>1) representative to manage LLC 1 (dai dien theo legal or athourized - uy quyen)
If contract >50% value of asset (high value contract) => LCC 2+ ask have to yêu cầu (operations) must
have approvals. THIS RIGHT USE FOR ORGANISATIONS, NOT FOR INDIVIDUAL.
- Owner for LLC 1 is a legal person => separate asset => decide everything in your stake contributed
capital ( von gop)
- nếu bán cổ phần cho người khác thì phải đổi loại hình dn => from LLC 1 to LLC 2+

Within 90 days, A must contribute 1 billions, after that => A must change the charter capital form 1
billions to 700 millions. Before change the charter capital, (art 75, clause 3) the responsibility of A is 1
billions.
A responsible for the bankrupt of company, 90 days to fullfill
If after 90 days, he fullfill his obligation, 30 days you can gop them von. it is possible.

- Board of members of LLC 2+ and P are owner, meanwhile Board of members of LLC 1 is
representative of owners
Apply for all meeting
1) Convene
2) Happen
3) Approval
1. False because there are 2 cases: individual and owner ( chi co owner)
2. Fasle
3. False
Giang is chairman => meeting is possible
Who attend: Phuong, Giang directly and Thao not joined directly but proxy for Giang so => attend:
Giang, Phuong and Thao (article 58, clause 3)
Art 58, clause 1: have over 65% charter capital ( xem xét toàn bộ thành viên)
Approval: over 75% of total stake of attending members since improtant decision
Giang can approve but Thao maybe or not.
Charter capital at meeting = 4 billions ( xem xét thành viên có tham gia)
Phuong and Giang approve ( 3billions/ 4 = 75%) => valid
_ TA company is llc 1 member,DA is the owner has the right to sign more 50% of total assets. If DA
agree for mr. Viet to sign => the contract is valid.
Tư cách pháp lý tách biệt nhau giữa DA và TA, 1 sợi dây là owner. Vấn đề ai nấy tự xử bằng tài sản của
cty đó.
Hợp đồng ký giữa TA và Boong Cheng. Mr Việt chỉ là người đại diện. Nếu ông V vượt qua thẩm quyền
=> V chịu trách nhiệm.
_ Resolution:
The purpose of meeting: is not legal, dismission of manager depend on the owner. (art 76, clause 1c)
How to convene:
Right of the owner of the company:
The meeting occur, the resolution is approved.
=> not valid
( quyền của chủ sở hữu và quyền của đại diện chủ sở hữu)
A+B: no. The number is not enough (at least 3)
A+B+C: yes.
A +SP+LLC: no. SP cannot create JSC since not legal person, has no legal status, legal entity.
The owner of SP + A + member of LLC: yes. Limitied liability
JSC + JSC + JSC:yes. nature of

Stock: cổ phiếu
Share: cổ phần
Bond: trái phiếu
Thanh Long JSC has charter
capital of 1 billion. Par value of a share: 10,000 VND. Shareholders holding
shares
include:

Ms. Huong: 30.000 Common

shares, 15.000 Share with preferred dividend (SPD)

Mr. Binh: 5.000 Common shares,

6.000 Voting preference shares (VPS)

Ms. Tien 10.000 SPD

Mr. Tin: 7.000 Common shares;

3.000 VPS

Thai Nguyen LLC: 15.000 common

shares, authorized for Mr. Nghia (7000 shares), Ms. Trang (8000 shares);

Ms. Linh: 8.000 common shares,

1.000 VPS

1 VPS= 2 votes;

a)
The company
intends to purchase a new high-value production line. There is a GMS but
Ms.
Huong, Mr. Binh, Ms. Tien, Mr. Nghia did not attend. Mr. Binh authorized Ms.
Ly
to attend the meeting. At the meeting, Ms. Linh and Ly voted to approve;
The
rest disagreed. Is the resolution approved?

b)
GMS elects the
Board of Directors (including 3 members). There are 5 candidates elected.
What
is the number of votes of each shareholder?

SPD cannot join in the general meeting of chairman => 1SPD = 0 vote
1 CS = 1 votes
1 VPS= 2 votes
Bình = 5,000 + 6,000 x 2 = 17,000 votes (1 CS = 1 votes; 1 VPS= 2 votes)
Huong = 30,000 (SPD cannot join in the general meeting of chairman)
Tien = 13,000 votes
Nghia = 7,000 votes
Trang = 8,000 votes
Linh = 10,000 votes

_ Convince:if no information, divided 2 cases ( legally and illegally) gi ả s ử

a) Assume it is a recurring
nó là cuôc họp định kỳ , có thể diễn ra.
meeting, which can take place.
a)
_ Happen: The total votes = 85,000, the attending shareholder = 48,000
(56%) because Binh, Tin, Trang, Linh
Approved
Art 148, 1d) divided cases
If high value is over 35%, 65% vote
Below 35% of assets, 50% vote.
Total votes = 27,000/48,000 = 56%
_ Resolution:
Xét 50%, below 35% asset => được
Xét 65%, above 35% asset=> k được

b) The total shareholders x total members to be elected = votes

Binh = 11,000 x 3 = 33,000
Huong = 30,000 x 3 = 135,000 ( SPD don’t have the right to elected)
Tien = 0
Tin = 10,000

CHAPTER 6

Liquidtation= dissolution= giải thể

Liquidtation = thanh lý tài sản => bankrupt
Consolidation: hợp nhất, united into 1
A+B+C company => new bigger D, A and B and C not exist, D solve the debt of ABC (h ợp nh ất)
A + B + C => new bigger A will pay debt and obligations of B and C (sát nh ập), B and C not exist
_ Luật cạnh tranh loại bỏ tính cạnh tranh độc quyền, cá lớn nuốt cá bé hay ch ơi x ấu trong th ị tr ường
A => B+C+D+ A still exist (seperation)
A+> B+C+D (divide)

Giải thể, thanh toán đủ cho các chủ nợ (Liqquidtation)

ERC is revoked thu hồi giấy đk doanh nghiệp.
1. False ( art 39) - with the LA-tin alphabet, not any foreign laguage
(traditional Chinese).

2. False - ( art 12 - clause 2) (LLC and joint stock company can have
more than 1 representative)

3. False (art 36 - clause 1) not all types of assets need to valued

because some asset such as cash( 1 million is 1 million)

4. False ( art 35 - clause 4) - except the Sole Proprietorship ( don’t

need to transfer ownership when they contribute to capital)

5. False ( trong luật hong có định nghĩa legal capital) because the
legal capital ( correct at least 1)

6. True ( definitions business art 4 - clause 10)

7. False - (principle of majority is wrong)

Opt 1: 100% agree (incorrect)
Opt 2: more than 50% agree (correct) -principle of majority
A: 100. A has 90 days to contribute and 30 days to change to capital,
B: 200
C: 100
1. _ For A
2 cases
Case 1: A contributes 100 millions left
Case 2: A not contriutes 100 millions left => if company not change
the charter capital => A owe company 100 and responsible for 200
millions (art 75- clause 2)
_ For B
Art 36, định giá sai nhưng k gây thiệt hại thì vẫn ok - princle of
valuation ( 2 options
All memer agree => ok, opt 2: above 50% and company valued=> ok)
if the valued cause the damages=> liabilities for members

_ For C legal. Don’t need to value the house,

2. because B cannot make any decisions with the car, ( withdraw
the car)
Possile if B buy with tư cách là other person if all members agree,
họp hội đồng thành viên (analyze)

BANKRUPT
_Luật VN tuyên bố phá sản chỉ liên quan đến enterprise, k lquan đến
individual.
Collateral: tài sản bảo đảm ( nếu k có => k thu hồi dc tài sản khi phá
sản)
Creditor: lend money from debtors
Payment due: hạn thanh toán

CIVIL judgment (bản án dân sự) /evidence = $ + interest +fees

relevant to vụ kiện ( can’t collect debt - kiện ra tòa)
Unsecured creditor con no k co tai san bao dam
6 months
Phân biệt giải thể và phá sản

1. F ( art 187, 1d) all member => general partner

2. F (it depends on the kind of company)apply for art 59, clause 3 (member council = LLC, partnership,
…)
3. F (art 80, clause 5 and 6), sai từ khúc half of the members (>=50%, 75%), quyết định or nghị quyết
(decision or resolution)
4. F (art 46 or 74, clause 1) to the extend of his/her STAKE capital.
5. F (art 46 clause 3 and 4) issue only BONDS, not share
6. F (art 188,clause 1) = total asset of sole propritorship
7. F art 177 clause 1a = at least 2
8. F (art 50, clause 2) & (art 77, clause 5)
9. F (art 76, clause 1h) THE BOARD OF MEMBERS WHEN THEY ARE THE REPRESENTATIVE OF OWNERS.
OWNERS IS INDIVIDUAL THÌ K CẦN, K THỂ SELL VÌ CHỈ LÀ ĐẠI DIỆN CỦA CHỦ SỞ HỮU,
10. F ( art 188, clause 1) it’s legal person, not individual => cannot establish

SỬA ĐỀ MIDTERM

1. Art 180, tv hợp danh được thành lập vs sự đồng ý => đúng
2. Sai. Art 116 ( có nhà nước nữa)
3. Sai. Board of members là toàn bộ thành viên chứ k kể 5% gì.
4. Sai, vốn điều lệ có thể tăng giảm. Art 68 - chưa chắc là main source. Tăng vốn = vay tiền và nhiều
nguồn khác
5. Sai. Khoản 3 điều 120, cổ đông sáng lập được phép chuyển nhượng cho hội đồng cổ đông khác
trong trường hợp được đồng ý

Câu tự luận:

ĐỀ 1: của Yến

1. Xét cuộc họp có hợp lệ hay không?

2. Liệu cuộc họp đầu tiên diễn ra được hay không ( tính tổng vốn góp của người tham gia/ charter
captial)
3. Tổng % vốn góp của người approve/ Tổng vốn góp của người tham gia)

Nhi và Li approve
Attendant: Nhi, Mi, Li
Chia trường hợp:
Mi đi vs tư cách Mi
Mi đi với tư cách NHi nữa
Nếu tài sản trên 35%
Tài sản dưới 35%

ĐỀ 2 của My
1. FASLE
2. FALSE. Fixed but not main source
3. FASLE. Vốn điều lệ tăng theo giá trị của tài sản là sai ( khác nhau).
4. True. Khoản 2 điều 190

Tự luận

a)
B) K phải chia trường hợp. Tài sản ít quan trọng.
Tính tổng vote
A
1. D (art 49, clause e)
2. B ( BOARD OF SUPERVISER,
3. C (
4. A. Annual thì là 1 năm, GMS không thì còn Đại hội đồng cổ đông bất thường thì họp => many times
1. B (THEO ĐIỀU LỆ CTY )
2. A ( CTY PHẢI QUY ĐỊNH THẤP HƠN, CÒN CAO HƠN THÌ PHẢI ART 115, CLAUSE 2
1. D ART 113,
2. C ARTICLE 152, CLAUSE 2 AND ARTICLE 151, CLAUSE 2