Chuong 8 CAN BANG HOA HQC VA 9 MUC DO DIEN RA CAC QUA TRINH HOA HQC 8.1. Chon phat biéu diing vé phan tmg thun nghich: 1) Phan img cé thé xy ra theo chiéu thuan hay theo chiéu nghich ty diéu kién phan img. 2) Phan img xay ra dng thi theo hai chiéu ngugc nhau trong cing mét diéu kién. 3) Phan ting ty xay ra cho dén khi hét cdc chat phan tng. a) Chi 1. b) Chi 2. c) Chi 3. d) 1 va2. 8.2. Chon phat biéu ding khi thyc hién phan img thuan nghich: 1) Nguti ta phai nap vao binh phan img ding 2 mol CO cho méi mol 0. 2) Bat ké lugng nap vio ban ddu cia hai chat, img, va né sé phan img véi 2 mol CO, 3) Bat ké Iuong nap vao ban chi c6 1 mol OQ) sé phan dau cita hai chat, CO sé phan tmg véi O2 theo ti 1é mol 2:1. 4) Khi nap vao binh 2 4 . 2 mol COs, POND IAT mo) 2 chiing s& phan tmg sinh ra a) Chi 3, b)2,3. ) Chi 4, d1,4 8.3. Chon phat biéu diing ve hg can bing: 4) HG cin bing 1a hé trong 46 e6 ty 1 doi khi ta thay déi cdc diéy iién a Phin cfc cht khong they b) H@ dang & trang thai can bin, : dang 188 6 cae i thai (ahigt 9, dp sud ng, .) Khor go? Bid ti thong sb tame a "8 40...) khong thay Ebithes thei ay scanned witn CamscannCAN BANG HOA HOC VA MUC BO DIEN RA CAC QUA TRINH HOA HOC 1 c) Hé c6é nhiét 46 va ap sudt xdc dinh 1a hé can bang. d) Hé can bing 1a hé c6 ndng 6 tat ca cdc chat ddu bing nhau. 8.4. Xac dinh cdng thite ding dé tinh hing sé can bang Kp cua phan tmg: Fe3Os (t) + 4CO (k) = 3Fe (1) + 4C0> (k) co, [Fe]? [Fe]'[co,}* a) K, =| Tiere | eee (ae 0 = ) Ky (Gees: Ph P c) K, (=) d) K, = | grid Poo Jas Peo Jey Xc dinh c6ng thite dung dé tinh hing sé cn bang cla phan tmg: SCl (dd) + H20(1) = 2HCI (dd) + SO (dd) & _({HCIP[so} _({SCl 01) . -( s P) x-( THCIISO] i , oe (scam eis (SCL, ][H,)] 0g ph ue nai O08 (6 2 (9 scanned witn Camscanne8 8.8. 8.9. 8.10. 8.11. 8.12. CHUONG 8 a) 0,25 b) 1,5 out: d) 2,0 n dung tich 1 lit nguoi ta nap vao 1,0 mol khi A; 1,4 Trong mét binh kir 1 nay mol khi C. Sau khi phan img: Ay + By = 2C, dat mol khi B trang thai cin bing, ndng d6 cu s6 can bing Kc ctia phan tmg trén. i cing cia C 1a 0,75 mol/l. Tinh hang a) 12,5 b) 1,25 c) 0,15 d) 0,5 Chon phuong an dung. Phan img: C (gr) + CO2 (k) @ 2CO (k); 6 815 °C 06 hing s6 can bing K, = 10. Tai trang thai cn bang, 4p suat chung cla hé la P = 1 atm. Hay tinh ap suat riéng phan cia CO tai can bang. a) 0,85 atm. b) 0,72 atm. c) 0,68 atm. d) 0,92 atm. Cho phan tmg: CuBr (r) # CuBr(r) + 1/2 Br (k). © 550 K khi phan img dat trang thai cn bing, c6 Pj, = 0,671 atm. Ngudi ta thyc hién phan tmg bang cach cho 0,2 mol CuBr,(r) vao mét binh chan khng & 550 K. Hoi thé tich binh phai bing bao nhiéu dé toan b@ CuBr, phan hiy hét theo phan img trén. Cho R = 0,082 litatm/mol.-K. a) 3,35 lit b) 13,4 lit, ©) 6,7Iit 4) 8,3 lit. 6 46°C, img: N2O,(k) # 2NO2(k) c6 hang sé cn bin; . NOK) = K, = 0,66 vai sit tg Kai cn bing Ia: 0,5 atm. Tinh % phim ly cis NCO, tinh a) 80%. b) 50%. ©) 75%. 4d) 66,67%. Cho phan thudn nghjch: Hz (k) + kh (k) = 2HI (k). Hi rn in ly ing in i an vA I; v6i sb mol kht bing nhau, hin SB cht 6 ki Hz Scanned with CamScanneCAN BANG HOA HOC VA MUic BO DIEN RA Céc ou, 8.13. 8.15. P. A TRINH HOA HOC 19 a) Khong dui dit kign é tinh, b) 78,7%. ©) 65,3%. d) 100%, Cho mot phan img thudn n + D. Hang s6 can bin, hop ¢6 ndng d9 Cy = hé 6 diéu kién nay: ghich trong dung dich long: A + B = C g Ke 6 digu kign cho trude bang 200. Mot hén Cp = 10°M, Cc = Cp= 0,01M. Trang thai cia a) H@ dang dich chuyén theo chiéu nghich. b) Hé nim 6 trang thai can bing, c) H@ dang dich chuyén theo chiéu thuén. d) Khéng thé dy doan duge trang théi cua phan img. . Qua trinh khir thiéc IV bing hydro: SnO> (1) + 2H2 (k) = Sn (1) + 2H20 (k) & 1100K cé hing sé can bing K, = 10. G cing nhiét 46 trén khi hon hgp khi (gdm khi hydro va hoi nuéc) c6 24% hydro theo thé tich thi hé phan img: a) C6 AG 100% O, hé dat trang thai can bing. b) C6 AG) 100> 0, phan img dang dién ra theo chiéu nghich. c) Khong dui dir ligu dé két Indn vé chiéu hung din ra cua qua trinh 6 1100K. 4) C6 AGi199< 0, phan tg dang dién ra theo chiéu thugn, Cho K, va Ke lin lugt la hing s6 cén bing ca hai phan img sau: (1) XeF¢(k) + H20 (k) # XeOF4(W) + 2HF (k) (2) XeOy(k) + XeFo(k) + XeOFs(k) + Xe03F2 (k) Hay xéc dinh hing s6 cn bing Ks cua phan (mg: (3) XeO, (k) + 2HF (k) = XeOsF2 (K) + H,0 (k) a) Ky =KixKe b)Ky=Ki+ Ko K, wie )K3=Ke-Ki DKK scanned witn Camscann80 cmon, at 8.16. 6 mot nhiét 46 xéc dink, phan tng: Nz (Kk) + 202 (Kk) = 2No, hing s6 can bing K = 100. Tinh hing so can bang K’ 6 cing y ita phan tmg sau: NO2(k) = 1/2. No(k) + O2(k)- (ky hig a) K’=0,01. b) K’ = 0,0001 c)K?=0,1. d)K’= 1,0. 8.17. 6 mot mbiét 46 xéc dinh, phan tng: $ (0) = Op (k) = SO> (k) 06 sh edn bing Ke = 4,2» 10%. Tinh hing s6 can bing K.¢ cin ig ‘46 cia phn img: SO2 (k) = S (1) + O2 (k). a) 2,38 x 10%. b) 4.2 «10. 0) 4,2 «10%, 42,38 x 10°. CH;COOH + CHsOH # CHsCOOC:Hs + H20; Ke= 4 Suy ra hing can bing Ket phan i thay phan CHsCOOCi i mearmeatge a ‘ ORE b9.(obuA for By grb gl BS o>. eae > valCAN BANG HOA HOC VA MUC BO DIEN RA CAC QUA TRINH HOA HOC 81 8.21. 8.23. 1) AG =AG? vn{ HecP fH, F 2) AGS =-RTInK,; vik, = (EF) [HAP Jy 3) Phan tmg ¢6: Kp = Ke vi An= 0 a) Chi 3 b) Chi 1, 2. ©) Chi2, 3. 4) 1,2,3. Chon phat biéu ding, Cho phan img: Hp (k) + 1/2 O2 (k). 2 Hy0 (k); €6 AG%n98 = -54,64 kal. Tinh K, cia phn img 6 25°C. Cho R = 1,987 cal/mol.K a) Kp = 40,1 b) Kp = 10%! c) Kp= 10" d) Kp = 92,3 . Két Iudn néo dudi day 1a ding khi mOt phan img thudn nghich c6 AG? <0: a) Hang s} cén bang cita phan img Ién hon 0. b) Hang s6 can bang cia phan tmg nhé hon 1, c) Hang sé cn bing ca phan tmg Ién hon 1. 4) Hing sé cén bing cia phan mg nho hon 0. Gia sir hé dang cén bing, phan tig ndo sau day durge coi 1a da xay ra hoan toan: a) FeO (r) + CO (k) = Fe() + CO> (k); Kev = 0,403 b) 2C (1) + 2K) = 2CO (W); Ken= 1» 10"° 2) 2 Ch (Kk) + 2.H20 (k) = 4 HCI (k) + O2 (k) Kep = 1,88 = 107% 4) CHyCH;CH2CHs (k) = CHsCH(CHs)2 (K); Ken = 2,5 . Phan tmg: 2NO> (k) = N24 (k); 06 AG oq == 4,835 kJ Tinh hing s6 cn bitng Ke cua phan img & 298 K. Cho'R = 8,314 J/mol.K. scanned with Camscann82 8.25. 8.27. 8.28. i Khi hda tan trong he: CHUONG g a) Ke = 172,03. b) Ke = 7,04. c) Ke = 17442,11. d) Ke = 4168,5. amoniac: 3 Hz (k) + No(k) = 2 NH3() 6 hang s6 can bang li Ky = 5,9 x10° va higu img nhiét cia phan img 1a AH® = - 92,2 kJ. Tinh hang so cAn’bing Ky cia phan ung tai 600 K Biét ring AH® va AS® cia phan img thay ddi khdng dang ke trong khoang nhiét 49 298 + 600 K. a) 4,3 x 10°. b) 8,2 * 10°. ©) 5,6 « 10°. d) 3,7 «107. xan, acid stearic xay ra phan tmg chuyén héa nhu sau: Tai 298 K, phan tmg téng hop 2 CyHasCOOH (dd) @ (Ci7HasCOOH)2 (dd) Tai 28°C phan ting c6 Ke = 2900 va tai 48°C c6 Ke = 40. Tinh AH’ va AS? cia phan tmg tai khodng nhiét 46 trén. a) AH? = -2,29 kJ va AS® = -937,32 JK. b) AH? =-172,05 kJ va AS° = -505,32 J/K. ¢) AH? = -86,32 kJ va AS°= -249,14 JK. 4) AH? = -55,07 kJ va. AS? = -80,31 J/K. Chon phat biéu ding. ‘ Phan img: A (k) = B(k) +C (kK); 6 300°C c6 Ky = 11,5 va o 500°C 6 K, = 33. Vay phan tmg trén 1 mét qua trinh: a) Thu nhiét. :b) Doan nhiét. c) Dang nhiét. d) Toa nhiét. Chon y dung: 1) Mot hé dang & trang thai can bing, néu ta thay déi mot trong cA yéu 6: dp suit, nhiét d6, nong a6... thi can bang sé chuyén dich theo chiéu chong lai sy thay doi a6. 2) Khi ting nhi¢t d9, can bing sé chuyén dich theo chiéu phan img t0 . recy x 8 Ws nhiét; khi giém nhiét d9, can bang sé chuyén di pen chigu phi fe saliel g sé chuyén dich theo chieu P! 3) Hing s6 can bang cua mét phan tng 1A mot dai éng déi Rsittao x4 dink, pl ig 1a mét dai lvgng khong scanned with CamscannCAN BANG HOA HOC VA MUC BO DIEN RA CAC QUA TRINH HOA HOC 83 4) Ku thém mot chat (tae cht hay sin phdm) vao hé cén bing, can ang sé dich chuyén theo chiéu lam gidm lugng chat do. a) Chi 1 va 3. b) Chi 1 va4. c) 1 va 2. d) 1,3 va4. 8.29. Chon phat biéu dung: 1) Vige thay d6i 4p suat ngoai khéng kim thay di trang thai edn bang cia phan img c6 ting s6 mol chat khi ca cde san pham bing tong sO mol chat khi clia cdc chat dau. 2) Khi ting nhiét d6, can bing cia mét phan img bat ky sé dich chuyén theo chiéu thu nhiét, 3) Khi gidm 4p sudt, cn bing cia mot phan img bat ky sé dich chuyén theo chiéu tang sé phan tir khi. 4) Hé da dat trang thai can bing thi hrgng cde chat thém vao khéng lam anh hudng dén trang thai cn bing. a) Chi 1. b) Chi 2 va3. c) 1,2 va3. d) 1,3 va4. ' 8.30. Can bing trong phan img: Hp (k) + Ch (k) = 2HCI (Kj; sé dich chuyén theo chiéu nao néu ting 4p suat clia hé phan tmg? a) Thuan. b) Nghich. c) Khong dich chuyén. d) Khong thé dy dodn. 8.31. Cho phan img: CO2 (k) + Hz (k) # CO(k) + HO ®) Tinh hing s6 can bing Ke biét ring khi phan tmg dat trang thai can bing ta c6: 0,4 mol COz; 0,4 mol Hp; 0,8 mol CO va 0,8 mol HO trong mot binh c6 dung tich la 1 lit. Néu nén hé eho thé tich ciia hé giam xudng, cn bang sé chuyén dich nhu thé nao? a) Ke = 8; theo chiéu thudn. b) Ke = 4; khong d6i. c) Ke =4; theo chiéu thudn. d) Kc = 8; theo chiéu nghich. 8.32, Mot phan tmg tyr xy ra co AG"< 0. Gid thiét ring bién thién entanpi va bién thién entropi khéng phy thudc nhiét 49, khi ting nhigt 46 thi hing s6 can bang Ky sé: scanned witn Gamscannc A AUONG 4 a) Tang. b) Giam. : c) Khong déi. 4) Chua thé két Indn durge. Cho phan tmg: No (k) + 2 (k) 2 2NO (K); AH > 0. Dé thu dure nhiéu NO ta cé thé ding ede bien phap: oa & 8) Tang ép sult va giam nhiét 49. b) Giam nhiét 46. \ ©) Tang mit €9. ee RN Cho phan img: 28024) + Orq * 2S03q0; AH< 0 BE dave nid SO; hon, ta nén chon bign phap nao trong 3 bién phip | | . 8.33. Chon gidi phap hop ly nhat. | fay ic aidiyt.. stb d witn GamscannCAN BANG HOA HOC VA MUC BO DIEN RA CAC QUA TRINH HOA HOC 85 8.37. 8.38. 8.39. 8.40. Chon cau dung. Xét hé cn bing: CO (k) + Cl (k) # COCh (k); AH< 0 Su thay d6i nao duéi day din dén can bing chuyén dich theo chiéu thudn: a) Tang nhiét do. b) Giam thé tich binh phan img bing cach nén hé c) Giam ap suat. d) Tang ndng 46 COC, Phan img thiy phan cua ester: ester + nudéc = acid + rugu. Dé tang hiéu suat phan img (cn bing chuyén dich theo chiéu thuan) ta c6 thé ding cdc bién phap nao trong 3 bién phdp sau: 1) Dang nhiéu nuéc hon. 2) Bing cach tién hanh thay phan trong mdi truéng base. 3) Loai bé rugu. a) Chi 1. b) Chi 2. c) Chi 3. d) 1,2, 3: Cho cc phan tmg: (1) No (k) + Op (k) = 2NO (k); AH®>0 (2) No (k) + 3H2 (k) @ 2NHs (k); AH? <0 (3) MgCOs (r) = MgO (r) + CO> (k); AH®> 0 V6i phan tmg nao ta nén ding nhigt 46 cao va ap suat thép dé can bing chuyén dich theo chiéu thugn. a) Chi (1). b) Chi (3). ©) Chi (2). d) (1) va (2). Cée phan img dang & trang thai can bing & 25°C.Cén bing cia phan (mg nao dich chuyén manh nhét theo chiéu thugn khi ding thdi ha nhiét a6 va tang 4p sudt chung: a) No (k) + O2 (k) = 2.NO (k); AH?> 0. b) No (k) + 3H (k) #2 NHG (10) AH” < 0. scanned witn Camscann86 8.41. 8.42. 8.43. CHUONG 8 ©) MgCOs (7) = COs (k) + MgO (0); AH'> 0 @)b&) + Ha(k) 22H; AH’ <0 Chon trudng hop ding. Xét can bing: 2NO> (k) 2.N204 (K)s AHS = -14keal (nau) (khong mau) Trong cdc trutmg hop di a) Lam anh dén 273K.) Dun none dén 373 K. d) Gitr 6 298 K. rai day, mau ndu cita NO2 sé dam nhat khi: c) Tang dp suat. Chon bign phdp ding. Phan img toa nhiét duéi day da dat trang thai can bing: 2A (k) + B(K) = 4D (Kk) Dé dich chuyén can bing cia phan img theo chiéu hudng tao thém sin phim, mt s6 bign phip sau day 48 durge str dung: 1) Tang nhiét 49. 2) Thém chat D. 3) Gidm thé tich binh phan (mg. 4) Giam nhiét 46. 5) Thém chat A. 6) Tang thé tich binh phan (mg. a) 4,5, 6. b)1,3,5. 2,3. d) Chi 3. Chon phuong én ding. Cho phan img thun nghich: Co(H,0);" + 4Cl'= CoC + 6H20 Hing Xanh Biét ring khi lam lanh hé thi mau héng dam dan. C6 thé két ludn: : 1) Phan img theo chiéu thu4n la thu nhiét. 2) Khi thém m6t it NaC! rin thi mau héng dam dan. 3) Khi dun néng mau xanh sé dam dan. a) 1,2. b) Tat ca déu sai. c) 2,3. d) 1,3. scanned witn GamscannCAN BANG HOA HOC VA MUC BO DIEN RA CAC QUA TRINH HOA HOC 87 Dap an Chuong 8 L Cau 81 | 82183] 84] 85] 86 pap an | B A | Bi Cl Ae Cau | 8.11/ 8.12] 813 [8.14] 8.15] 8.16 lpapin| B| B|cClaloDIc Ciu | 8.21 8.23 | 8.24 Dépan | B Cau | 8.31 Dapan | B Ciu | 8.41 Dapan | B b_. 1 WOF Scanned with CamScann«