4/3/2024

RESEARCH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MODELING

Enhancing Air Quality Management in Hanoi

A Look at the Current Status and Potential
Applications of Low-Cost Sensors
Presenter: Dr. Ngo Tho Hung
Dr. Pham Thi Thu Ha

Hanoi, April 2024

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CONTENT

Current status of Air

Quality in Hanoi

Low-Cost Sensors

Applications of Low-Cost
sensor in Hanoi

Conclusion

CURRENT STATUS OF AIR QUALITY

IN HANOI

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1. Introduction

Regulation 05: 2023/BTNMT - National Technical Graph showing the annual average concentration
Regulation on Ambient Quality (Unit: µg/m3) value of PM2.5 parameter in the period 2017-
2020 in stations in Hanoi

1. Introduction

Characteristics of dust pollution in Hanoi clearly

show distribution rules in space and time and
are clearly influenced by regional meteorological
and climatic conditions.
+ The cold season is October-December of the
previous year and 1-3 years later (dry season)
and this time of year has poor diffusion capacity
and is more polluted than the hot season (April-
September) (rainy season);150 µg/ m3 and 120
µg/ m3 for PM2,5 and PM1 by hour (traffic)
+ Spatial distribution: 100% of districts have
PM2.5 dust pollution; Focusing on inner city
areas:

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2. Ensuring effective Air Quality Management

3. Air Pollution Trends in Hanoi

AQI - PM2.5 – US EMBASSY HANOI
In general, assessment methods (using monitoring
data, remote sensing, and modeling) show that Hanoi
has widespread dust pollution. The main air pollutants 100
in Hanoi that need attention are PM2.5 dust and PM10 90
dust. In the period 2019-2021, the dust pollution trend 80
decreases compared to previous years, however the 70
value still exceeds QCVN 05/2013 and many times 60
exceeds the WHO recommendation of 5 µg/m3; In 50
2020, the capital Hanoi ranked 6th in the ranking of 40
provinces and cities with the highest PM2.5 dust 30
concentration in the country. 20
10
Meteorological and climate characteristics of Hanoi 0
have a great influence on the ability to diffuse dust and 2020 2021 2022
pollutants. In addition to emission sources, local
meteorological conditions, tree cover, and low water
surface area also affect air quality in Hanoi. Good Moderate Bad

Percentage of days according to levels of air

quality index (VN_AQI) at the station at the
US Embassy

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4. Opportunities for Improvement

- Monitoring, Remote Sensing, Modeling

- Digital maps, and relevant databases
- Solution for green trees on water surface

LOW-COST
SENSORS

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1. Low-Cost Sensors

Single particle
Volume scattering
counters

• Measure the light • Count individual

scattered by an particles
ensemble of particle

2. Low-Cost Sensors Advantages and Disadvantages

Cross- Affordability
sensitivities

Weatherpro External Community

Versatility
ofing factors Engagement

Disadvanta Advantages
ges

Integration
Degradatio Increased
Trade-off with Other
n over time Coverage
Technologies

Inaccurate Risk
readings Mitigation

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Applications
of Low-Cost
sensor in
Hanoi

1. Potential Applications of Low-Cost Sensors in Hanoi

Stations observing the ground air environment

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2. Case Studies

In Vietnam, Hanoi

3. Recommendations for Implementation

- Collaboration: between government agencies, local communities, and technology providers.

- Pilot Projects: Propose the initiation of pilot projects to test the feasibility and effectiveness of low-cost sensors.

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CONCLUSION

The main air pollutants in Hanoi that need attention are PM2.5 and PM10 dust; NO2 and
O3 (showing signs of local pollution)

The main sources of emissions in Hanoi currently are road traffic vehicles and road dust.
Additionally, industrial activities and outdoor burning of straw and rubbish are also
identified as significant sources. Regarding road traffic vehicles, motorcycles are the
primary emitters, followed by trucks and taxis

Approximately one-third of PM2.5 (both primary and secondary) in the surrounding air
originates from local sources. The influx of inorganic gases into Hanoi from outside
sources also needs attention, and policies are required to restrict emissions from
outside of Hanoi.

Good chance for Applications of Low-Cost sensor in Hanoi

THANK YOU!
Q/A SESSION