Introduction of Chemical Engineering

I: Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession

Dr. Lokeshkumar Ramteke, Ph.D.

Date: 05 Sept 2023
 Course Contents (Topics and subtopics)
1 Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession 4
2 Indian Chemical Industry: (a) Petroleum and petrochemical industry (b) Pharmaceutical industry 8
(c) Agrochemicals and Pesticides industry (d) Speciality Chemicals industry (e) Inorganic Chemicals … etc

3 Chemical Engineering Principles: Chemical reaction engineering, separation processes, automation and process 4
control
4 Overview of chemical process equipment: Reactors, Distillation, Absorption, Filters, Dryer and solid handling 4
5 Global trends of chemicals 4
6 Life cycle assessment and environmental impact 4
7 Modern Chemical Engineering Plants: Batch to Continuous processing 2

List of Textbooks
1 Introduction to Chemical Engineering – Tools for Today and Tomorrow: A First-Year Integrated Course 5th Edition (English,
Paperback, Kenneth A. Solen, John N. Harb), Wiley, 2014

2 Introduction To Chemical Engineering (English, Paperback, S. Pushpavanam) Publisher: PHI LEARNING PVT. LTD-NEW
DELHI
3 Chemical Engineering: An Introduction (Cambri…(Paperback) by Morton Denn (Cambridge University Press)
Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession
What is Chemical Engineering? Example George Davis (1850-1906) is considered
ABC Company
Chemistry, physics, and the Father of Chemical Engineering.
biology – along with Producing HCl as waste/byproduct
mathematics to address
the world’s needs by
creating new technology Problem?
and solving problems in
existing technology - No provision to storage (store in danger situation) - Company could not run long
- Lack of purity to market Impact? - Failure of company (loss of jobs)
Makes it versatile - No appropriate technology to modify - Impact on Environment

Role of Chemical Engineering Start Gives Hypothetical Solution

Your assignment is to propose a strategy and design (with a cost
analysis) for safely and legally disposing of the acid waste
chemical engineering encompasses many diverse applications,
ranging from biomedicine to energy production
Chemical engineers discover, develop, and implement creative solutions
to the world’s problems and new ways to benefit humankind
- require us to perform some relevant
chemical engineering calculations, design
some equipment, and justify our proposal
to the “company” through an economic
analysis, all of which are typical tasks.
- approaches for a chemical engineer,
regardless of the specific application.

Chemical engineers are engaged and the skills that are required for those activities, as well as how those activities and
skills match up with your interests and abilities
Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession Happiness is Changing the World as a Chemical Engineer

Role of Chemical Engineer Define?

Chemical Engineering in Every day Biomedical

Production of product for Engineering
What dose a chemical engineer do? different applications
Dialysis
What dose he manufacture?

a. LPG gas is great discovery for cooking purpose

b. Product development

How to manufacture these products?

In an economical way; in a safer way and in an environmentally friendly way

[Chemical engineers] use science and mathematics,

especially chemistry, biochemistry, applied mathematics and
engineering principles, to take laboratory or conceptual ideas
and turn them into value added products in a cost effective,
safe (including environmental) and cutting-edge process. Semiconductor
From the development of smaller, faster computer chips to Processing
innovations in recycling, treating disease, cleaning water,
and generating energy, the processes and products that
chemical engineers have helped create touch every aspect of
our lives. As similar Dialysis – Reverse osmosis, Nanofiltration and Ultrafiltration

That makes chemical engineer versatile in different areas Ref. Introduction of Chemical Engineering by Pusphavanam
Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession
What is Chemical Engineering? Grand Challenges

Impact of Chemical Engineering - Make Solar energy economical

- Provide energy from fusion
To what extent does chemical engineering impact our lives?
- Develop carbon sequestration methods
How did chemical engineering come to play such an enormous role in our society?
- Manage the Nitrogen cycles

Chemical Engineering Achievements - Provide Access to Clean Water

- Semiconductor fabrication - Restore and Improve Urban Infrastructure
- Medicine - Advanced Health Informatics
- Environmental Protection
- Engineer Better Medicines
- Crude oil processing
- Plastics - Reverse Engineer The Brain

- Synthetic Fiber - Prevent Nuclear Terror

- Synthetic rubber - Secure Cyberspace
- Gases from Air
- Enhanced Virtual Reality
- Food
- Advanced Personized Learning
- Separation and Use of Isotopes
- Antibiotics - Engineering the tool of scientific discovery
Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession
Challenges faced by Chemical Engineer Explain?

➔ Scaling Up and down (Power Plant; Chemical Plant; Computer; Chips etc.)
➔ Engineering application of potable devices (Water and wastewater treatment;
Water testing device; etc.) - household treatment, Phytoremediation
➔ Challenges in Petroleum Sector
- Transport across the ocean bed
- Operation in refinery (Distillation; Design the reactor; Catalyst; etc.)
Modern refinery unit – a) Catalytic reforming unit; b) Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit;
c) Delayed Coker Unit
➔ The Language of Reformer

➔ Coal Gasification

➔ Euro norms/ Bharat Stage Norms to curb the Atmospheric Pollution

- Removal of sulphur by Hydro-desulphurization or innovative steps in vehicle to
reduce emission of sulphur in atmosphere
- Removal of N by hydro-denitrification

Ref. Introduction of Chemical Engineering by Pusphavanam in Role of Chemical Engineer

(2n+1)H2 + nCO → CnH(2n+2) + nH2O
BS (India)
0.50 g/km

0.17 g/km
Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession
Solving Engineering Problems
For our problem, how many possible solutions can you think of?
What Shall We Do? - Steps Let’s list a few:

1. Define the problem (11,600L/hr and 0.014 M HCl disposal)
2. List possible solutions.
3. Evaluate and rank the possible solutions.
4. Develop a detailed plan for the most attractive solution(s).
5. Re-evaluate the plan to check desirability.
6. Implement the plan.
7. Check the results.
Process flow Diagram
a. Change our company process so that the acid is not produced.
b. Contract with another independent company to take the acid
away.
c. Build giant holding tanks to store the acid for 10 years.
d. Discharge the acid to an evaporation pond built on the company
site.
e. Discharge the acid into the lake next to the company site without
treatment.
f. Treat the acid and discharge it into the lake.

Use of Team of solving the problems

a. Ingredients for a Successful Team
b. Learning to work together (Forming, storming, conforming,
Performing)
c. Diversity
Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession
Ethical Consideration in solving the problems

American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) code

1 Safety
2. Environmental Protection
3. Avoiding Harassment
4. Ethical Practice
Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession
What is Chemical Engineering?
Humanitarian engineering
Humanitarian engineering is the practice of engineering under
constraints designed to meet the needs of marginalized or underserved
groups
- Chemical engineers have the skills needed to make important
contributions to the solutions of nearly all the Grand
Challenges.
- In a very real sense, the future of the world is in your hands.
- Think about it – you could play a key role in developing and
providing clean energy for future generations.
- Tomorrow’s personalized medicines could be the result of
your efforts.
- What an exciting time to be a chemical engineer!
It is not necessary to choose between the
bottom line (profit) and humanitarian goals.
Rather, we seek solutions that benefit people,
protect the planet, and are economically and
technically sustainable.
Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession
What is Chemical Engineering?

Chemical Engineering Profession George Davis

(1850-1906)
➔ Explain Distillation by Example
(a) the separation of a mixture of ethylbenzene and
styrene into pure components and
(b) the concentration of H2SO4 form a dilute solution of
the acid
➔ Arthur D Little pioneered centralizing chemical
engineering on the “Unit operation”
➔ Chemical industry in chemical reactor where reaction
occurs (Unit Process – Groggins, 1935)
➔ Extended inorganic processes (Shreve, 1950) – provide
framework of chemical industry
➔ Transport Phenomena by Bird – Mathematical
Derivation
➔ Chemical Reaction Engineering – Levenspiel 1962
➔ At this point, the unit operation (UO), the principle of
transport phenomena (TP) and chemical reaction
engineering (CRE), have become the unique knowledge
base of chemical engineering.
Chemical Engineer and Chemical Engineering Profession Unit Operation

Chemical Engineering Discipline - Material Balance - Diffusion

- Distillation
- Fluid Mechanics
- Evaporation
- Heat Transfer
- Fundamental Topics in Chemical Engineering - Drying
- Mass Transfer - Filtration
- Reaction Engineering - Liquid-Liquid Transfer
- Instrumentation and Process Control - Solid Liquid Transfer

- Material and Economics - Gas Liquid Transfer

- Thermodynamics (Chemical Reaction

Equilibrium, Kinetics, Ideal Gas Laws, Phase Know about the Physical
Equilibrium) quantities

- Process Development Research Important Process

Units
Parameter
- Technical Chemical Sales - L, M, T, Tempt - Density
CGS and MKS - Flow Rate
- Professional Activities in Chemical Engineering - Process Engineering system - Mixture
- conversion factor composition
- Plant design and construction - Mole - Combination
- Symbol between mole
- Environmental Engineering - Force fraction and mass
- Pressure fraction
- Fundamental Research