1.How does CNC technology differ from traditional manual machining methods?

Answer: In traditional manual machining, the operator controls the machine tool directly, whereas
CNC machining involves the automation of machine tools using computerized systems. CNC
machines follow pre-programmed instructions for precise and automated operations.

2.Can you name and describe different types of CNC machines?

Answer: Some common types of CNC machines include CNC milling machines (for cutting and
shaping), CNC lathes (for turning and shaping), CNC routers (for cutting and engraving), CNC plasma
cutters, CNC waterjet cutters, CNC wire EDM machines, CNC laser cutters, and CNC 3D printers.

3.Explain the working principle of a CNC lathe.

Answer: In a CNC lathe, the workpiece rotates while a cutting tool moves along the length of the
workpiece to shape it. The movements of the tool are controlled by the CNC system, allowing for
precise and automated turning operations.

4.What is G-code, and how is it used in CNC programming?

Answer: G-code is a programming language used to control CNC machines. It consists of

alphanumeric codes that represent specific commands for the machine. G-code is generated through
CAD/CAM software and provides instructions for toolpaths, speeds, and other machining
parameters.

5. How are CNC programs loaded into a CNC machine?

Answer: CNC programs are typically loaded into a CNC machine using external storage devices such
as USB drives or through direct connections from a computer. The CNC controller reads the program,
interprets the instructions, and executes the machining operations accordingly.

6.Explain the importance of tool changes during machining.

Answer: Tool changes in CNC machining are crucial for performing different operations on a
workpiece. Automatic tool changers allow the machine to switch between tools without manual
intervention, enabling the production of complex parts with multiple machining operations.

7. What is the role of feedback systems in CNC machines?

Answer: Feedback systems, such as encoders, provide real-time information about the position and
status of the machine tools. This feedback allows the CNC controller to make adjustments, ensuring
the accuracy and precision of the machining process.

8.Discuss the types of materials that can be machined using CNC machines.

Answer: CNC machines can work with a wide range of materials, including metals (aluminum, steel),
plastics, wood, composites, and more. The versatility of CNC machines makes them suitable for
diverse manufacturing applications.

9. What safety precautions should be observed when operating a CNC machine?

Answer: Safety precautions include wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, securing
workpieces and tools properly, understanding emergency stop procedures, and following all safety
guidelines outlined in the machine's manual.

9.What safety precautions should be followed when operating a CNC machine?

Answer: Wear proper personal protective equipment, secure workpieces, understand emergency
stop procedures, and follow safety guidelines in the machine's manual.

ONE WORD QUESTIONS

1.Axis?

Answer: Movements.

2.Feedback?

Answer: Encoders.

3.Programming Language?

Answer: G-code.

4.Cutting Speed?

Answer: Velocity.

5.Workholding?
Answer: Clamping.

6.Automation?

Answer: Robotics.

7.Material Removal?

Answer: Machining.

8.Question: Spindle?

Answer: Rotation.

9.Question: Prototyping?

Answer: 3D Printing.

10.Question: Safety Device?

Answer: E-stop (Emergency Stop).

WORKING OF CNC

It consists of two separate controls, a CNC controller that doses the function of

program decoding interpolation, diagnostics machine actuation, etc. Another is the

programmable logic controller (PLC), which does spindle on-off, coolant on-off,

turret operation, etc.

Slides are transferred via their own feed drive (AC or DC) servomotors or ball

screws and nut drives. The feed drive controllers the feed drive motors. Suitable

transducers have been fitted to either the table or the motor, which measures the

slide position.

Also, the position is monitored and checked through the feedback transducers to

ensure the accuracy of positioning. The spindle is provided with s tepped motors of

AC or DC . A suitable control is used to vary is the speed of the spindle motor. A

suitable feedback device connected to the shaft monitors the speed. This is how the

CNC machine works.