INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON

Study of Effects of Fertilizers, Manure and Polythene on the rate of

elongation of the Hypocotyl

SUBMITTED TO
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
NEW DELHI

ACADEMIC YEAR 2018-19

BY
SURENDAR MV- 4627832
… ……………
………………….
…………………..
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MR. VIVEK VISWANATH
(BIOLOGY FACULTY)

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to thank all those who have contributed directly
or indirectly for the successful completion of my project work.
I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to all respected teachers of
the department, Mr. Vivek Viswanath, and Mrs. T. Kothai for their
support during the course of this work.
I express my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Vivek Viswanath, my project
guide who have provided all the support and guidance for the successful
completion of this project.
I’am also thankful to Mr. C. Srinivasan, Senior Principal, Dr. V.
Manoharan, Principal, and Mrs. Nalini, Vice Principal, Senthil Public
School, Salem for providing all the necessary facilities for the successful
completion of this project.
I would also like to avail the opportunity to thank lab assistant Mrs.
Pushpavalli and the school librarian for their support.
I’am grateful to my dear parents and friends for their encouragement
and bounteous cooperation in this project
Above all, I bow my head with gratitude before God who blessed
throughout my life especially during this project work.
 LIST OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO
S.NO

1. INTRODUCTION 4

2. AIM 5

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6

4. OBSERVATIONS 7

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 9

6. TABLES AND PICTURES 10

7. CONCLUSION 11

8. RECOMMENDATION 12
 REFERENCES 13
9.

INTRODUCTION

Three anthocyanins were found in Vigna radiata (greengram) accessions

with black seed coat, but were absent in cultivars having green seed
coat. Vigna mungo (blackgram) had only one of them. The same 3
anthocyanins were found in cultivars with purple red hypocotyl of Vigna
radiata accessions but were absent in the ones with green
hypocotyls.Vigna mungo with purple red hypocotyls showed the
presence of two anthocyanins.
One common to both was identified as delphinidin-3-glucoside and the
other is probably cyanidin-3-glucoside. Among the two accessions of
Vigna radiate varsublobata examined, one was similar to Vignaradiata
accessions with black seed coat having delphinidin-3-glucoside and two
other anthocyanins, while the other resembled Vignamungo having only
delphinidin-3-glucoside in seed coat and both delphinidin and cyanidin-
3-glucosides in hypocotyl.
Chlorophyll content of the seed coats was in the following decreasing
order: green, black, brown and yellow. Browning of the seed coat of cv
TAP-7 after storage over a year was associated with reduction in
chlorophyll content.
 AIM

To study the effect of fertilizer, manure and polythene on the growth of

the hypocotyl of a seed.
The given study was done because; due to increased pollution, and it is
extremely important for all to know its effects on ourselves and the
natural surroundings.
Plants are the only source to purify our atmosphere and provide food to
this world. Even the carnivorous animals are indirectly dependent on
plants for their food.
It is very important to know the best way of living in this universe
without harming it and ultimately living peacefully.
Through continuous observation of the growth of plants in fertilizer,
manure and polythene the most suitable soil conditions for a typical
plant can be observed. By observing such soil conditions, the
productivity and growth of plants can be checked.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS

The materials and methods used in the due course of study are discussed
here:

Materials:
1) Pots- 3
2) Gram seeds – 10-12
3) Fertilizer
4) Manure
5) Polythene
6) Beaker
7) Soil
Methodology:
During the Making of this project, the following steps were followed:-
• Pots, gram seeds, along with fertilizer, manure and polythene and other
materials were brought and the pots were prepared to be sown.
• Seeds were planted and watered. Fertilizer was added to the first pot,
named as ‘Pot A’. Observations were recorded for that day.
• Manure was added to the second pot, named as ‘Pot B’ the next day.
• Polythene was added to the third pot, named as ‘Pot C’ the following
day, and regular observations were made.
• Watering and regular observation was being taken for 27 days.
• After the observation of plants and their growth, observation was
compiled and data analysis was made.
• Conclusion was drawn from the data analysis for the three cases of
planted gram seeds

OBSERVATIONS

Observations:
Observations were recorded regularly for 27 days and the following data
was gathered:-
Number of seeds planted in
1) Pot A- 4
2) Pot B- 5
3) Pot C- 3
 RESULTSAND DISCUSSIONS

According to the above observations, the following analysis was made:-

 Due to access of fertilizer, some plants in POT A died.
 Due to lack of water for some continued days, some plants had dried.
 Seeds germinated in POT C died soon because of polythene present in
the pot, which hampered their proper absorption of nutrients.
 Plants in POT B were best grown in height and persisted for a long time.
 Growth of plants planted in POT A was medium all over and can be
considered as average.
 Water consumption by the gram seeds was considerably low.
 TABLES AND PICTURES

Figure 1: Fully grown plants in both pots A and B

Figure 2: Dead plants in both pot C

 CONCLUSION

From the above observations, following conclusions can be drawn:-

Access of fertilizer can be harmful for germinating seeds. However, if
used in an appropriate amount, fertilizers can be beneficial for plants.
Growth of plants can be observed best in manure, as it is a natural
extract, and can supply better quality of nutrients to the plants.
Presence of polythene is harmful for plants, and it hampers the pathway
for the plants’ absorption of nutrients. Therefore, it can be
concluded that pollution can be very harmful to the natural environment
and, ultimately it affects the humans.
Lack of water is extremely undesirable when plants or trees are growing,
as water is an essential part of their nutrition and is important in the
developmental process
 RECOMMENDATION

Through the observations recorded and conclusion drawn from the

collected data, it is clear that, planters should use manure the most in
amount for the proper growth of plants. Fertilizers are also extremely
useful for the growth of plants, but, if used in excess amount, then it can
be harmful for the plants. Therefore, the amount of fertilizers used
should be checked.
Also pollutants, such as polythene, should be removed from the planting
area, as these pollutants are harmful for the growth of plants and
hampers their proper elongation. Also, regular watering is an essential
criterion for growing plants, because this provides them with necessary
elements and compounds for photosynthesis. At the same time, excess of
water should not be provided to the plants, because of the probability of
contamination.
 REFERENCES

• Biology textbook, NCERT

• www.wikipedia.com
• www.google/images.com
• www.NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute).com