CHEMISTRY Topic : Biomolecule Date : 26.12.

2023 [SOLUTIONS]

(1) (4). Thymine is present in DNA while in RNA

there is Uracil. H – C – OH HO – C – H
(2) (1). Mutation is a chemical change in the H – C – OH O H – C – OH O
sequence of Nitrogenous bases along the
HO – C – H HO – C – H
DNA strained which can lead to the
synthesis of protein with altered amino H–C H–C
acid sequence. CH2O CH2O
(3) (2). Insulin is a hormones secreted by the
-D-(+)-glucose -D-(+)-glucose
pancreas that lower blood glucose level by
promoting the uptake of glucose by cells (19) (3). Carbohydrate is a polyhydroxy aldehyde or
and the conversion of glucose to glycogen polyhydroxy ketone or any compound
by the liver and skeletal muscle. which give these on hydrolysis.
C=O
(4) (3). Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. group includes aldehydic as well as
(5) (4) The pair of compounds in which both the ketonic group.
compounds give positive test with Tollen’s (20) (1). It is a test characteristic of amide linkage.
reagent is glucose & fructose. Urea also has amide linkage like proteins.
(6) (2). The two forms of D-glucopyranose (21) (2). RNA and DNA has ribose and deoxyribose
obtained from the solution of D-glucose sugars, which differs in absence of
are called anomers. hydroxy group at 2nd carbon.
(7) (1). RNA – contains  Uracil, Ribose (22) (1). 6CO2 + 12NADPH + 18 ATP 
(8) (1). Cellulose + H2O  D-glucose  C6H12O6 + 12NADP + 18 ADP
(9) (1). Double helical structure of DNA is (23) (3). Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine are
operated by H-bonding. bases present in DNA.
(10) (1). Chlorophyll having Mg-metal. Quinoline an aromatic compound is NOT
(11) (1). RNA  Uracil present in DNA.
DNA  Thymine
(12) (2). Insulin  Hormone to control diabetes.
N
(13) (4). (Quinoline)
(14) (4). In both DNA and RNA, heterocyclic base (24) (4). Vitamin C is water soluble vitamin.
and phosphate ester linkage are at C'1 and (25) (3). Starch is a mixture of two components, one
C'5 respectively of the sugar molecules. is water soluble component called amylose
O (20%) and another is water insoluble
5 component called amylopectin (80%).
HO – P – O – CH2 O Base-I (26) (2). In -helix, a polypeptide chain is stabilised
4 H 1 by the formation of hydrogen bonds
H H
H H between –NH– group of amino acids in
3 2
OH OH one turn with >C = O group of amino acids
(15) (2). Pyrimidine  Cyctosine and Thymine belonging to adjacent turn.
base (27) (3). Thymine is not present in RNA. RNA
(16) (3). Anomer are those compound which differ contains uracil in place of thymine.
in configuration of carbon one (C-1) CHO COOH
| |
Eg : -D(+) glucose, -D (+) glucose. (28) (2). (CH3OH)4 
Br2 water
  (CHOH)4
(17) (1). Secondary structure of a protein is refer to | |
-helical backbone. CH 2OH CH 2OH
(18) (2). -D(+) glucose and -D (+) glucose are Gluconic acid
anomers because they differ in
configuration of carbon one (C-1) as

1
(29) (2). Amylopectin is a branched polymer, (35) (2). Ascorbic acid is vitamin C.
amylose and cellulose are linear polymers (36) (2). Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy or
while glucose is a monomer. bleeding gums.
(30) (2). Due to regular folding of backbone of the (37) (3). Anomers differ in configuration at C1 in
peptide chain, two most common aldoses and C2 in ketose.
secondary structures of proteins are -
helix and -pleated structures. In -helix, 1 1
H C OH HO C H
all H-bonds are formed by twisting the H 2
OH H 2
OH
O O
chain into a right handed helix. In - HO
3
H HO
3
H
pleated, all peptide chains are stretched to H
4
OH H
4
OH
maximum extension and then laid side by H 5
H 5
side and connected by hydrogen bonds.
(31) (4). Complete hydrolysis of DNA / RNA yields 6 CH2OH 6 CH2 OH
a pentose sugar, phosphoric acid and (38) (3). Pentaacetate of glucose does not react with
nitrogen containing heterocyclic NH2OH indicating absence of –CHO
compounds (called bases). group.
(32) (1). Ribose is an aldopentose. It contains an (39) (4). The letters ‘D’ or ‘L’ before the name of
aldehydic group and five carbon atoms. any compound indicate the relative
CHO configuration of a particular stereoisomer.
| This refers to the relation with particular
H  C  OH isomer of glyceraldehyde. Glyceraldehyde
| contains one asymmetric carbon atom and
H  C  OH
| exists in two enantiomeric forms.
H  C  OH CHO CHO
| H OH HO H
CH 2OH
D Ribose CH2OH CH2 OH
(33) (2). Fructose has the molecular formula (I) (II)
C6H12O6. It belongs to D-series and is (+)-glyceraldehyde (–)-glyceraldehyde
laveorotatory compound. It also exists in All those compounds which can be
the two cyclic forms which is obtained by chemically correlated to (+) isomer of
the addition of – OH at C-5 to the C = O glyceraldehyde are said to have D-
group. The ring thus formed five configuration whereas those which can be
membered ring and is named as furanose correlated to (–) isomer of glyceraldehyde
with analogy to the compound Furan. are said to have L-configuration.
Furan is a five membered cyclic compound (40) (3). Peptide chain has a regular repetition of
with one oxygen and four carbon atom. amide groups.
(34) (4). Zwitter ion contains both +ve and –ve (41) (3). Glucose is present is pyranose form (six
charge. Proton of –COOH group is membered cyclic structure).
transferred to the –NH2 group. –NH3+ (42) (1). Phenylketone urea is a congenital disease
caused by deficiency of enzyme
group is acidic since it can donate a proton phenylalanine hydroxylase.
and –COO– group is basic since it can (43) (3). 2R  S  H R SS R
accept a proton. Thiol Disulphide
Example :

2
2HO 2CCHCH 2SH [O] (44) (3). Cell membranes (Plasma membranes)
| HO 2 CCHCH 2S  SCH 2CHCO 2 H constitutes bilayer of phospholipid with
[H] | |
NH 2 NH 2 NH 2 embedded proteins. In humans, lipid
Cystine Cystine account for upto 79% of cell membrane.
(45) (4). The human body does not produce DNA.