INFLUENZA

LAVILLES, FRANZVE NYVIEL L.

LEANDA, MARIA
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons, the students will be able to;

1. Describe and define the Influenza

2. Determine the source of infection and mode of transmission of
Influenza
3. Know the PHN responsibilities and nursing care to the patient who
has influenza.
4. Know the incubation period, communicability, susceptibility,
resistance, occurrence and,
5. Determine the methods of preventing and control of Influenza.
 INFLUENZA
• Also known as the flu, influenza is a
contagious illness in the respiratory
tract that infects the nose and throat
and can move into the lungs.
• Fever* or feeling feverish/chills, Cough,
sore throat, runny or stuffy nose,
muscle or body aches, Headaches,
fatigue (tiredness)
• some people may have vomiting and
diarrhea, though this is more common
in children than adults.
ETIOLOGY
•Influenza viruses cause
the flu.
•Influenza is a single-
stranded, helically
shaped, RNA virus of the
orthomyxovirus family.
•There are four types of flu
viruses: influenza A, B, C
and D.
• INFLUENZA A VIRUS • INFLUENZA C VIRUS
• Infects both human and • Generally cause mild
animals illness.
• Do not cause epidemics.
• Constantly changing and
capable of causing flu
pandemics.
• INFLUENZA D VIRUS
• Influenza D viruses
• INFLUENZA B VIRUS primarily affect cattle
• Only found in humans. with spillover to other
animals but are not
• Less severe than known to infect people to
influenza Type A. cause illness.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
-Influenza viruses spread
from person to person,
primarily through respiratory
droplets.
(e.g., when an infected
person coughs or sneezes
near a susceptible person)

-Indirect transmission occurs

when a person touches their
face after touching a virus-
contaminated surface
(fomite)
• Influenza A virus transmission from
animals to humans is rare but possible.

• Infected birds shed influenza virus in

their droppings, mucus, and saliva,

• Transmission to humans can occur

from direct contact with an animal or
contact with a sick animal’s
environment (by inhalation of
airborne viruses or through fomite
transmission).
 INCUBATION
PERIOD

• The incubation period

for influenza is usually
2 days (range 1-4
days. Influenza illness
can range from
asymptomatic to severe
infection.)
SOURCE OF INFECTION
• The source of infection usually is
a case or sub-clinical case
(Human seasonal Influenza)
• During epidemics, a large
number of mild and
asymptomatic infections occur,
which play an important role in
the spread of infection.
• The secretions of the
respiratory tract are infective.
 PERIOD OF
• COMMUNICABILITY • SUSCEPTIBILITY
• Influenza is
communicable for up to • Increased susceptibility
24 hours prior to onset of to infection and the risk
symptoms. factors associated with
• Adults can transmit progression to severe
influenza from the day influenza-related
before symptom onset to
approximately 5 to 7 disease are determined
days after symptoms by a multitude of viral,
begin. host, and environmental
• Children can transmit conditions.
influenza to others for 10
or more days after
symptoms begin.
• RESISTANCE • OCCURRENCE.
• Resistance to the flu can be • In temperate climates,
influenced by various factors. seasonal epidemics occur
A key aspect is the ability of the mainly during winter, while in
virus to undergo genetic tropical regions, influenza
changes, leading to different may occur throughout the
strains. year, causing outbreaks more
• This evolutionary process can irregularly.
reduce immunity from previous • In the Philippines the flu
infections or vaccinations. season coincides with rainy
• Vaccination is a key way to season which is between
build immunity against the flu. February and June.
METHODS OF PREVENTION and
CONTROL

GET WASH YOUR AVOID STAY AT HOME

HANDS TOUCHING IF YOU DON’T
VACCINATED YOUR EYES, FEEL WELL.
REGULARLY.
NOSE, and
MOUTH.
 DRINK REST AVOID CLOSE SEEK
PLENTY OF CONTACT MEDICAL
WATER WITH SICK CARE IF
PEOPLE SYMPTOMS
GET WORSE.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Management of respiratory dysfunction.
• Managing fever and respiratory symptoms.
• Infection control and prevention.
• Ensure that the client is willing and able to listen to
information about the disease.
• Instruct the client and family members about influenza
types, when typical outbreaks occur, and methods to avoid
infection.
• Educate about influenza immunizations.
• Clarify concepts about influenza treatment and mitigation.
 NURSING CARE for the patient with
INFLUENZA VIRUS
• Promoting Effective Airway
Clearance.
• Improving Breathing Pattern
and Breathing Exercises
• Managing Pain and Discomfort
• Managing Hyperthermia
• Promoting Optimal Fluid
Balance
• Providing Patient Education &
Health Teachings
• Assess vitals
• Listen to the lungs for
wheezing and rales
• Assess oxygenation and
respiration
• Monitor intake and output
• Encourage hydration
• Place the patient in the
semi-Fowler position
• Encourage patients to cough
“But as for you, be strong and do not give up, for
your work will be rewarded.”
-2 Chronicles 15:7

THANKYOU…