PROJECT REPORT WRITING

Dr. RAJENDER KATLA

Professor of Commerce
Chairperson, Board of Studies
University College of Commerce and Business Management
KAKATIYA UNIVERSITY
Warangal – 506 009 Telangana State, INDIA

E-mails:
1. rajender_comm@kakatiya.ac.in
2. drrajenderkatla@gmail.com
Project Report Format for UG Students

1. Research Process
2. Arranging the contents
3. Page dimension and binding
specifications
4. Format Preparation
5. Typing instructions
6. APA (American Psychological
Association) format guidelines
7. Examples of a few broad areas of
Project
8. Others guidelines
1. Research Process
Steps:
1. Identify the Research Problem
2. Review of Literature
3. Framing of Objectives
4. Formulation / Development of Hypothesis
5. Preparation of Research Design
6. Sample Design
Specifying Population
Sample Selection
Ethical Consideration
Pilot Study
7. Data Collection
8. Processing and Analyzing Data (Generalization and
Interpretation and Hypothesis Testing and Finding and Conclusion)
9. Report Writing
10. Submission of Report
2. ARRANGING THE CONTENTS:
The sequence in which the project report material should
be arranged and bound should be as follows:
1. Cover Page and Title Page
2. Certificate
3. Declaration
4. Acknowledgements
5. Abstract/Preface
6. Table of Contents
7. List of Tables
8. List of Figures
9. List of Symbols and Abbreviations
10. Chapters
11. Appendices
12. References
3. PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS
The dimensions of the final bound copies of the project report should
be 290mm x 205mm.
Standard A4 size (297mm x 210mm) paper may be used for
preparing the copies. The cover should be printed in black letters and
the text (or font) for printing should be identical, which must be in
Times New Roman.
The final 2 copies of the project report (at the time of submission)
should have the following:

Page margins:
Top edge: 2.54 cm
Bottom edge: 2.54 cm
Left side: 2.54 cm
Right side: 2.54 cm
These specifications relate to the margins-normal given in the MS
word document.

You may submit one copy by way of soft form in a compact disc.

• Single spacing should be used for typing:

(i) Long Tables (ii) Long quotations (iii) Foot notes
(iv) Multilane captions (v) References
4. PREPARATION FORMAT:
4.1 Cover Page & Title Page – A specimen copy

TITLE OF PROJECT
(font size 18 - Times New Roman - 1.5 line spacing)

INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

(font size 14)

By
(font size 14 - Italic)

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE

Roll Number
(font size 16)

NAME OF THE SUPERVISOR

Designation

Department of _____
____________________________________COLLEGE, ________PLACE____
Month & Year
(font size 14)
4.2 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
(Double line spacing and font size 14)

• This is to certify that Mr./Ms

................................................................. a student of B.Com.
in Accounting & Finance / Marketing / Taxation / Computer
Applications in Business of ..........................(Name of the
College) under the Kakatiya University has worked under my
supervision and guidance for his/her Project Work and prepared
a Project Report with the title
...................................................................................................
...............................................
• which he/she is submitting, is his/her genuine and original
work to the best of my knowledge

Signature of the Supervisor

(Name and Designation)

Countersignature
Name
Head of the Department
Place:
Date :
4.3 DECLARATION (by the student)
(Double line spacing and font size 14)

I hereby declare that the Project Work with the title (in block letters)
...........................................................................................................................
................. submitted by me for the partial fulfilment of the degree of B.Com.
/BBA (Accounting & Finance / Marketing / Human Resource / Taxation /
Computer Applications) under the Kakatiya University is my original work and
has not been submitted earlier to any other University /Institution for the
fulfilment of the requirement for any course of study. I also declare that no
chapter of this manuscript in whole or in part has been incorporated in this
report from any earlier work done by others or by me. However, extracts of any
literature which has been used for this report has been duly acknowledged
providing details of such literature in the references.

Signature
Name of the Student
Roll Number
Place:
Date :
4.4 ABSTRACT
• Abstract should be straight to the point; not too descriptive
but fully informative.
• The following things should appear in the abstract:
(a) the problem addressed,
(b) its importance/novelty,
(c) the approach adopted for solving the problem, highlighting
novelty, if any,
(d) the major results obtained,
(e) and the major conclusion.

• The abstract does not have to be an entire summary of the

project, but rather a concise summary of the scope and
results of the project.
• It should inform a reader whether to read or not the full text,
and also give a precise idea on what has been attempted.
• An abstract should be short, and limited to 1 page. Include
key words (Font Style: Times New Roman and Font Size: 12,
Spacing: Single)
4.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
ABSTRACT ii

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NOs.

1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Problem addressed .............................. ……………………………………………………………..1
1.1.1 .................................................................................................................................3
1.1.2 .................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Related literature........................................................ …………………………………………..7
1.2.1 ................................................................................. ………………………………………7
1.2.2 .................................................................................................................................9
1.3 Scope of the project
2. Conceptual Framework ... ..................................... …………………………………………………..14
2.1 .......................................................................................... ……………………………………17
2.2 .......................................................................................... ……………………………………18
4.6 List of Symbols and Abbreviations

• Standard symbols, abbreviations, etc.

should be used.
Examples of Abbreviations in APA references
To save space in the reference entry, some common parts of works are abbreviated. Pay
attention to the differences in capitalization and punctuation.

Abbreviations in APA references

Word Abbreviation
Revised edition Rev. ed.
Second edition 2nd ed.
Editor(s) Ed. / Eds.
Translator(s) Trans.
Narrator(s) Narr. / Narrs.
No date n.d.
Page(s) p. / pp.
Paragraph para.
Volume(s) Vol. / Vols.
(Issue) number No.
Supplement Suppl.
THE STEPS OF PROJECT WORK
STEP I : Selection of the topic for the project by taking following points into
consideration:
• Suitability of the topic.
• Relevance of the topic
• Time available at the disposal.
• Feasibility of data collection within the given time limit.
• Challenges involved in the data collection (time & cost involved in the data collection, possibility of
getting responses, etc.)
STEP II : Finalisation of the Topic and preparation of Project Proposal in consultation
with the Supervisor.
STEP III : Collection of information and data relating to the topic and analysis of the
same.
STEP IV : Writing the report dividing it into FIVE chapters, viz.,
• Chapter 1:Introduction,
• Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework / National & International Scenario,
• Chapter 3: Profile of the Industry/Organisation
• Chapter 4: Analysis & Findings
• Chapter 5: Summary of findings, Suggestions and Conclusion
• Annexures,
• References / Bibliography
STEP V : The following documents are to be attached with the Final Project Report.
• 1) Approval letter from the supervisor (Annexure-IA)
• 2) Student’s declaration (Annexure-IB)
• 3) Certificate from the Competent Authority of the Organisation / Institution, if the student undertakes
the Project Work in any Organisation / Institution.
4.7 Chapters

• The main text will be divided into FIVE

chapters and each chapter may further be
divided into sections and subsections.
• Chapters, sections, and sub-sections should
be given appropriate titles.
• Tables and figures should be placed in the
immediate vicinity of the first reference to
them.
• Figure and table numbers should carry their
chapter number. For example Fig. 4.2 is the
second figure in the fourth chapter.
Cont…

Guidelines for Detailed Project Report

(Max. 25-30 pages)

Chapter – I: Introduction (5 to 6 pages)

1. Introduction of the Study (250 to 300 Words)
2. Review of Literature (500 Words with 10 Reviews)
3. Research Gap and Questions (2 to 4 Questions)
4. Need and importance of the study (250-300 Words)
5. Objectives of the Study (3 to 4 Objectives)
6. Hypothesis of the Study (if any)
7. Scope of the Study (50 to 100 Words)
Contd:

8. Research Methodology
a. Data Sources / Methods of Data Collection
i.Primary Data, or
ii.Secondary Data, or
iii.Both
b. Research Design (Methods of Sampling)
c. Sample Design and Sample Size
d. Tools of Data Analysis
e. Period of the Study (For Secondary Data)
9. Limitations of the Study
10. Chapterization / Chapter Layout /
Organization of the study (Five Chapters)
Cont..
• Chapter – II: Organization / Company Profile (3 to 4 pages)
• Chapter – III: Theoretical Framework (Related to topic) (3 to 4 Pages)
• Chapter – IV: Data Analysis and Interpretation (10 to 12 pages)
• Chapter – V: Summary of Findings, Suggestions and Conclusion (1 to 3
pages)
– Important Findings
– Suggestions
– Conclusion

• Bibliography (APA Style)

– Text Books
– Journals
– Published Reports
– News papers / Magazines
– Websites
• Appendices
• Annexure (Questionnaire)
Cont..
Chapter II: Conceptual Framework / National and
International Scenario: (relating to the topic of the Project).
Chapter III: Profile of the Industry/Organisation: (Go through
past balance sheets, organization’s website, press reports and
all other data pertaining to the organization. )
Chapter IV: Presentation of Data, Analysis and
Interpretation: (using the tools and techniques mentioned in
the methodology).
Chapter V: Summary of findings, Suggestions and
Conclusion : In this section, the concluding observations
based on the main findings and suggestions are to be
provided.
• Annexures: Questionnaires (if any), relevant reports, etc.
Appendices may be provided to give supplementary
information.
• Bibliography or References: This section will include the list
of books and articles which have been used in the project
work, and in writing a project report and follow APA Style
while providing citation.
5. TYPING INSTRUCTIONS
• The impression on the typed copies should be black in
colour.

• One and a half spacing should be used for typing the text.

• It shall be typed in the Font style “Times New Roman”.

• The Font size 12, unless otherwise stated explicitly.

6. APA (American Psychological Association) format guidelines:

Throughout your paper, you need to apply the following APA

format guidelines:

• Set page margins to 1 inch on all sides.

• Double-space all text, including headings.

• Indent the first line of every paragraph 0.5 inches.

• Use an accessible font (e.g., Times New Roman 12pt.,

Arial 11pt., or Georgia 11pt.).

• Include a page number on every page.

APA format
•
7. Examples of a few broad areas of Project
Any topic concerning local economic Public Sector Undertakings and
/entrepreneurial issues / New Indian Economic Development
Business Proposal
IFRS and Indian Accounting Standard Business & Government
– Opportunities & Challenges
Credit Rating Corporate Social Responsibilities
Risk Management Corporate Governance
Credit Risk Management in Banks: Financial Sector Reforms
Opportunities & Challenges
Subprime Meltdown and its effect On-line Banking
Corporate Frauds/ White Collar NPA Management
Frauds
Financial Inclusion Business Process Outsourcing
Micro-finance Institutions in India. Capital Market
Direct Tax Code (DTC) Environmental Accounting
Goods and Service Tax (GST) Environmental Management
Role of MSMEs in the Indian Financial Statement Analysis
Economic Development
Cont…
Performance Analysis Equity Linked Savings Scheme

Working Capital Management Insurance Industry in India

Cash Management Analysis of Mutual Funds

Debtors Management Study of Non-Performing Assets

Inventory Management Risk and Return Analysis

Mergers & Acquisitions The Sub-Prime Crisis

e-Commerce Rural and Agricultural Banking

Venture Capital Marketing Strategy of different

companies

Marketing and Promotional Strategies Market Research

Study on the Market Awareness of Preservation & Storage of Agricultural

Intellectual Property Products

Brand Repositioning Customer Relationship Management

Customer Awareness Study of Consumer Behaviour

Sales Service and Customer Satisfaction Effectiveness of Advertising

Direct Marketing & Networking Digital economy and Cashless

transactions
8. OTHERS GUIDELINES TOSTUDENTS BY THE TEACHERS:
WHAT YOU SHOULD NOT DO
1. Trying to take breaks while doing a project ( you cannot have holidays during
your project work)
2. Trying to miscommunicate with organizations by telling that institute wants a
review. We are sending your schedule of project report to all the organizations.
You do not have any reviews in between.
3. While talking to the organization personnel do not degrade your institute or
teachers by making statements that are likely to impinge on the image.
4. Talking negatively and trying to be certain about everything. No organization or
person likes negative talk and people who ask too may question to be certain of
everything.
5. Let me give some examples:
I wanted to do my project on marketing, (in a financial organization). Do not ask the
manager this question. You are going to an organization to know its business
and business do not have functional silos. However, ask questions relating to
your project (show enthusiasm, smile, enjoy, hard work)
If some urgent work is to be done by the organization, do it willingly. For example the
office has no power and your manager finds that the electricity bill is not paid,
volunteer to do the task.
Inculcate an organization's culture and come to institute with all ideas to change the
way in which you work in an institute. Share experience with your classmates
and teachers. It is an opportunity to professionalize with you.
Wear your tie and go to the organization. Some organizations have informal
environment. They may not insist on your attire. That does not mean that you
go with casuals.
Never attempt to buy projects from bazaar and submit. All the project reports will be
tested for plagiarism.
FAQs
Please carry the following when you go to the organization.
• Your recent Photographs
• Your CV
• Your ID
• A pad / notebook / pen

Is the format suggested for all types of projects?

Yes, to a large extend.

If I get another project, Can I change the project?

No, it is not right.

Take note of your guide’s email. Do not disturb him or her

on the cell phone. He may not know the context of your
problem. Give a detailed account of your problem and ask
for the correct questions.

When you are staying outside Warangal/Khammam, keep in

touch with your other friends, exchange thoughts.
 Guidelines for Teachers to write an Article

1. Title of the Paper

2. Author's Name, Email Contact Number, Designation,
University/College

3. Abstract

4. Keywords or Phrases (4 to 10)

5. Introduction

6. Literature Review

7. Methodology

8. Analysis & Discussion

9. Findings

10. Recommendations

11. Conclusion/Summary

12. References or Bibliography (Minimum 4-5)

THANK YOU ALL