Module #1 - FIRE SAFETY AND PREVENTION

Fire Safety
There were hundreds of fires reported in the philippines in 2020.
● civilian/authority deaths
● Reported civilians/authority injuries
● Millions in property damage
In the home
● People feel the safest in their homes, however, residential properties are where most
fires and fire deaths occur.
● 76% of all structure fires occurred in residential properties.
● 97% of structural fire deaths occurred in residential properties.
Fire Causes
Top fire causes include:
● Cooking 49%
● Open Flame 10%
● Heating 9%
● Incendiary/Arson 8%
● Smoking 4%
● Personal Vigilance is the best way to avoid and survive fires.
Cooking fires:
● Pay attention to what you are cooking.
● If you leave the room, turn off the stove.
● Don't cook if you're sleepy or if you're impaired.
● Nearly half of all home fires originate in the kitchen.
Reduce your chance of a cooking fire.
● Keep flammable items away from the heat sources.
● Clean your stove top frequently to avoid grease buildup.
● Keep flammable cleaners away from heat sources.
Grease Fires:
● Always have the matching lead nearby.
● Do you have a small grease fire? You can smother it with the lid.
● Never put water on a grease fire!
Smoking Related Fires:
● Cigarettes can smolder for hours.
● Tips to avoid smoking related fires.
● Don't smoke inside.
● Disregard smoking materials in a fire safe container.
● Use a proper heavy ashtray which won't tip easily.
● Don't improvise.
Where tips avoid smoking related fires:
● Don’t smoke in bed.
● Don't smoke if you are tired, taking medications or if you've been drinking or.Otherwise
impaired.
 ● Party check. Indoor and outdoor furniture and cushions for smoldering cigarette butts.
Candles:
Unattended candles are a leading fire cause.
Candle safety tips:
● Use flameless candles
● When you leave the room, blow out the candle.
● Keep anything that could burn at least a foot away, like curtains, clothes, paper, etc.
● Don't set the candles on anything combustible, as the fires can start when the candle
burns down to the base.
Electrical Safety:
● Do not overload electrical sockets.
● Do not run cords under rugs or furniture as they can become worn, overheat and cause
a fire.
● Avoid putting cords against walls or across the doorways.
● Use power strips equipped with overload protection.
● Make sure all power strips and extension cords are tested and approved by a laboratory
such as UL or Underwriters Laboratories.
Escape Routes:
● When the smoke alarm sounds, you may only have seconds or minutes to escape
safely.
● Have a meeting place for everyone to gather outside.
● Plan two ways out in case one way is filled with smoke or fire.
● Know your escape routes and practice them.
Important safety elements:
Alarms/Smoke
● Breathing smoke can kill you.
● If you must escape through smoke, get low and go under the smoke.
Alarm Placement & Maintenance:
● Make sure you can hear the alarm in every place in your home
● They should be loud enough to wake you from sleep
● Check them once a month
● Change the batteries once a year
● Replace them every 10 years.
Fire extinguisher
● Know how to use them
● Have them mounted in an obvious spot near an exit.
● To use one:
● P- pull the pin
● A - aim low
● S- squeeze the lever
● S -sweep the fire
● When in doubt, get out
Residential Fire Sprinkler Systems
Fire sprinkler systems save lives and reduce damage to your property
 ● Only the sprinkler closest to the fire will activate spraying water directly on the fire.
● 90% of fires are contained by the operation of just one sprinkler.
If You have a fire:
● Leave, close the door and call the BFP from outside.
● For all fires to the fire department, even if you think you put them out.
● Don't ignore alarms. Even if your building has frequent alarms, you need to leave when
they go off.
● Once you're out, stay out.
● Don't go back inside for possessions or pets.
● Notify the fire department if anyone is unaccounted for.
● You never know when it could be a real fire.
Summary:
There Are many ways to reduce your risk of fire:
● Stay focused when you are cooking.
● Use the handles responsibly or not at all.
● Don't overload electrical sockets or misuse ext cords.
● If you must smoke, be responsible for your smoking materials.
● If someone is smoking or near your home, check to make sure that all smoking materials
are properly disposed of.
● Have a fire safety plan and practice it.
● Have working smoke alarms.
● Be responsible.
Proclamation No. 115-A.
- By virtue of residential proclamation no 115- A, the month of March was declared as the
Fire Prevention Month because of the alarming increase of fire incidents happening
across the country during this particular period.
- The view of Fire Protection as the government agency mandated to prevent and
suppress all kinds of destructive fires, investigate its causes, enforce fire related laws,
and provide emergency medical and rescue services shall anchor all the activities. The
fire prevention month towards fire safety at home by introducing innovative programs
and activities leading towards motivating the public to take fire safety as everyone’s
concern.
- This year's theme is “sa pag-iwas sa sunog, di ka nag-iisa”.
Module #2 - Anti-Bullying
What Is bullying?
- Bullying is unwanted aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a
real or perceived power imbalance.The behavior is repeated or has the potential to be
repeated over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious,
lasting problems.
- in order to be considered bullying the behavior must be aggressive and include:
An imbalance of power - Kids who bully use their power, such as physical strength,
access to embarrassing information or popularity to control or harm others. Power
 imbalances can change over time and in an indifferent situation, even if they involve the
same people.
Repetition - Being behaviors happen more than once or have the potential to happen more than
once.
Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking someone
physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose.

Types of Bullying
There are three types of bullying:
● Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. Verbal bullying includes:
● Teasing
● Name-calling
● Inappropriate sexual comments
● Taunting
● Threatening to cause harm
● Social bullying, sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting someone’s
reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes:
● Leaving someone out on purpose
● Telling other children not to be friends with someone
● Spreading rumors about someone
● Embarrassing someone in public
● Physical bullying involves hurting a person’s body or possessions. Physical bullying
includes:
● Hitting/kicking/pinching
● Spitting
● Tripping/pushing
● Taking or breaking someone’s things
● Making mean or rude hand gestures
● Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones,
computers, and tablets. Cyberbullying can occur through SMS, Text, and apps, or online
in social media, forums, or gaming where people can view, participate in, or share
content. Cyberbullying includes sending, posting, or sharing negative, harmful, false, or
mean content about someone else. It can include sharing personal or private information
about someone else causing embarrassment or humiliation. Some cyberbullying crosses
the line into unlawful or criminal behavior Cyberbullying. This is bullying which takes
place through mobile phones or online. Bullying occurs through social network sites,
instant messenger apps, gaming sites or email.

For example:
· Sending or posting offensive or insulting messages.

· Posting false information about a person.

· Posting pictures to embarrass, humiliate or ridicule a person.

 · Distributing pictures or videos of someone being attacked or humiliated.

· Excluding a person from a group.

· Cyberstalking - using the internet to stalk or harass an individual.

· Trolling. This is posting offensive or stirring messages to provoke people or

cause disruption. Trolling is not always bullying but may be in some instances

● Physical assault.
● Teasing.
● Making threats.
● Name-calling.
● Excluding a person from a group, not inviting them to parties.
● Spreading untrue rumors about a person.
● Damage to property or schoolwork.

How common is bullying? How common is hazing?

A higher percentage of male than of female students report being physically bullied (6% vs.
4%), whereas a higher percentage of female than of male students reported being the subjects
of rumors (18% vs. 9%) and being excluded from activities on purpose (7% vs. 4%). Some
statistics on bullying suggest that 28% of students from grades six through 12 have a history of
being the victim of bullying, while 30% of high school students acknowledge having bullied other
students. About 10%-14% of children have been the victim of bullying for more than six months.
Most victims of cyberbullying have also been victims of school bullying.
Anyone can be a victim of bullying. However, children or adults who are seen as 'different' or
weaker in some way are more likely to be bullied. This includes:
● Being overweight or underweight.
● Being a different race, gender, or religion.
● Having different sexual preferences.
● Having a disability, either a physical disability or a learning disability.
● Having a different appearance.
● Having an unusual name
●

How are children and adults affected by bullying?

The impact of bullying is huge. It causes unhappiness and distress; it can even result in suicide.
For children bullied at school, the effects can last long into adulthood, affecting the rest of their
lives. Being bullied at school can cause a child stress and a number of physical or mental health
problems. Often children will not tell anyone they are being bullied
Some symptoms or changes in behaviour that might alert a parent, doctor or teacher to the
possibility of bullying include:
 • Physical health symptoms. A child may have tummy ache, or headaches as a
result of the stress. Physical symptoms may go away at weekends or in holiday
times.
• Not sleeping as well, or suddenly starting to have nightmares or night terrors.
• Not wanting to go to school, or playing truant from school.
• Changing the route or journey to school.
• Not doing as well at school as they were before.
• Starting to stammer.
• Bedwetting (in younger children).
• Unexplained cuts and bruises, or damaged possessions with no explanation.
• Being more worried or anxious, or starting to have panic attacks.
• Appearing to be low or depressed.
• Self-harming behaviour, or suicide attempts.

Signs that cyberbullying is taking place can include some of the above but also:
• Being upset after using the internet or phone.
• Being very secretive about online activities and phone use.
• Sudden increase or decrease in texting, gaming or the use of social media.

Bullying in the workplace or home can cause many symptoms for adults. These include:
• Physical symptoms of stress: tummy aches, headaches, higher blood
pressure when checked. Stress can cause illnesses such as irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS) and stomach ulcers.
• Worry, anxiety disorders and panic attacks.
• Low self-esteem and self-confidence.
• Depression.
• Not sleeping well (insomnia).
• Taking a lot of time off work.
• Thinking about suicide, or even committing suicide.

What are the long-term effects of bullying?

The effects of bullying at school can go on long after the child has grown up. Children who have
been bullied are more likely to:
· Have lower academic qualifications and less good jobs.
· Have lower incomes.
· Have difficulty staying in jobs and managing their finances.
 · Have difficulty making friends and keeping friends.
· Have difficulty making long-term relationships with a partner.
· Have mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic
stress disorder and personality disorder.
· Have less good general health.
Bullying in the workplace can also affect physical and mental health in the long term. It can also
cause problems as a result of a lot of time off work, affecting future career opportunities.

Why do people bully others?

There is no single reason which explains why bullying happens. Children and adults can be
bullies for a number of reasons. Many have been bullied themselves. Sometimes it can be an
expression of anger or frustration due to problems they have, such as problems at home or
struggling at school or work. It can be the result of poor upbringing - some people have not been
taught to be sensitive to or care about other people's feelings. Violent games or movies may
influence some people's behaviour and make them more likely to be bullies. For some it may be
an attention-seeking behaviour - for example, if they are not getting enough care and attention
at home or elsewhere. Others find themselves in a position of power without the skills to use it
wisely. In some schools and workplaces there is no culture of respect for others; this can make
bullying more likely.
Often the bully is as vulnerable a person as his or her victim and needs just as much support
and help

Teaching Kids Not to Bully

It's important to deal with it right away. Whether the bullying is physical or verbal, if it's not
stopped it can lead to more aggressive antisocial behavior and interfere with your child's
success in school and ability to form and keep friendships.

Understanding Bullying Behavior

Kids bully for many reasons. Some bully because they feel insecure. Picking on someone who
seems emotionally or physically weaker provides a feeling of being more important, popular, or
in control. In other cases, kids bully because they simply don't know that it's not OK to pick on
kids who are different because of size, looks, race, or religion.
In some cases bullying is a part of a pattern of defiant or aggressive behavior. These kids are
likely to need help learning to manage anger and hurt, frustration, or other strong emotions.
They may not have the skills they need to cooperate with others. Therapy often can help them
learn to deal with their feelings, curb their bullying, and improve their social skills.
Some kids who bully are copying behavior that they see at home. Kids who see aggressive and
unkind interactions in the family often learn to treat others the same way. And kids who are
taunted learn that bullying can translate into control over children they see as weak.
Dr. Fran Walfish, family and relationship psychotherapist and author, says that students are
under intense pressure to perform academically, socially, athletically and in extra-curricular
activities to make their transcripts and resumes shine.
She argues that this tremendous amount of competition is unhealthy, and any additional bullying
adds to the nearly unbearable stress. It’s important for parents, school staff and peers to know
and be able to recognize the warning signs of bullying. Not only is it important to know the
warning signs, but also how to respond to them. Ensure that the school has a policy in place for
open and honest communication, but more on this later.

According to the Crisis Prevention Institute, warning signs that a child is being bullied can
include:
· Unexplainable injuries
· Frequent headaches or stomachaches
· Changes in eating habits
· Difficulty sleeping
· Declining grades
· Loss of interest in school
· Loss of friends or avoidance of social situations
· Lost or destroyed personal items
· Decreased self-esteem
· Talk of self-harm
As an adult or parent
At home, parents and carers can reinforce the learning about safe use of the internet and social
media which is taught at school. Emphasize to children that they should:
· Keep personal information private.
· Not post any images, comments or information which could be harmful to themselves or
to others.
· Not say anything via social media which they would not say face to face.
· Not respond to cyberbullying. Save evidence to show a parent or teacher.
· Tell their parents if any online communications worry them.
Parents should monitor their children's use of the internet and check that any sites they use are
age-appropriate. In a supportive, caring home, children are more likely to tell parents about
bullying, so that the problem can be dealt with.
1. Teach kindness and empathy.
“Empathy is the ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes, and teachers need to embed
this skill into their curriculum,” says Patterson. “We need to do identity work with children early
on so that kids know who they are and who everybody else is and what their place is in the
world.”
2. Create opportunities for connection.
Fostering a sense of community in your classroom can lower bullying incidents and facilitate
healing for targeted students. Research shows that when targeted students feel connected to
peers, they’re better able to cope with being bullied. Studies also indicate that teaching students
to speak up when they witness bullying behavior, and to take a stand against it, can reduce
future bullying situations by more than 50 percent.
“It’s all about connection,” says Nancy Beardall, who created and implemented a bullying
prevention curriculum in Newton Public Schools. “When students feel connected to their peers,
their school, and their community, they do better.”
In the classroom, start by creating a safe place for students to express themselves and feel
heard. Cultivate students’ abilities to advocate on behalf of themselves as well as others.
Outside of the classroom, facilitate opportunities for positive reinforcement by helping students
get involved in afterschool activities that align with their hobbies and interests.

3. Identify ‘gateway behaviors.

Eye rolling

Prolonged staring

Back turning

Laughing cruelly/encouraging others to laugh

Name calling

Ignoring or excluding

Causing physical harm

Spying

Stalking

While these behaviors may not be classified as bullying, putting interventions in place now could
mitigate the likelihood of them growing into something more problematic. “The research would
imply that [these behaviors] lead to bullying, and that if we can stop kids here, then we’re going
to go a long way to stopping the problem,” says Patterson.

How to Prevent Bullying

Parents, school staff, and other caring adults have a role to play in preventing bullying. They
can:
● Help kids understand bullying. Talk about what bullying is and how to stand up to it
safely. Tell kids bullying is unacceptable. Make sure kids know how to get help.
 ● Keep the lines of communication open. Check in with kids often. Listen to them. Know
their friends, ask about school, and understand their concerns.
● Encourage kids to do what they love. Special activities, interests, and hobbies can boost
confidence, help kids make friends, and protect them from bullying behavior.
● Model how to treat others with kindness and respect.

Help Kids Understand Bullying

Kids who know what bullying is can better identify it. They can talk about bullying if it happens to
them or others. Kids need to know ways to safely stand up to bullying and how to get help.
● Encourage kids to speak to a trusted adult if they are bullied or see others being bullied.
The adult can give comfort, support, and advice, even if they can’t solve the problem
directly. Encourage the child to report bullying if it happens.
● Talk about how to stand up to kids who bully. Give tips, like using humor and saying
“stop” directly and confidently. Talk about what to do if those actions don’t work, like
walking away
● Talk about strategies for staying safe, such as staying near adults or groups of other
kids.
● Urge them to help kids who are bullied by showing kindness or getting help.
● Keep the Lines of Communication Open

Research tells us that children really do look to parents and caregivers for advice and help on
tough decisions. Sometimes spending 15 minutes a day talking can reassure kids that they can
talk to their parents if they have a problem. Start conversations about daily life and feelings with
questions like these:
● What was one good thing that happened today? Any bad things?
● What is lunch time like at your school? Who do you sit with? What do you talk about?
● What is it like to ride the school bus?
● What are you good at? What would do you like best about yourself?

Talking about bullying directly is an important step in understanding how the issue might be
affecting kids. There are no right or wrong answers to these questions, but it is important to
encourage kids to answer them honestly. Assure kids that they are not alone in addressing any
problems that arise. Start conversations about bullying with questions like these:
● What does “bullying” mean to you?
● Describe what kids who bully are like. Why do you think people bully?
● Who are the adults you trust most when it comes to things like bullying?
● Have you ever felt scared to go to school because you were afraid of bullying? What
ways have you tried to change it?
● What do you think parents can do to help stop bullying?
● Have you or your friends left other kids out on purpose? Do you think that was bullying?
Why or why not?
● What do you usually do when you see bullying going on?
● Do you ever see kids at your school being bullied by other kids? How does it make you
feel?
 ● Have you ever tried to help someone who is being bullied? What happened? What
would you do if it happens again?

There are simple ways that parents and caregivers can keep up-to-date with kids’ lives.
● Read class newsletters and school flyers. Talk about them at home.
● Check the school website
● Go to school events
● Greet the bus driver
● Meet teachers and counselors at “Back to School” night or reach out by email
● Share phone numbers with other kids’ parents

Teachers and school staff also have a role to play.

Treat Others with Kindness and Respect
Kids learn from adults’ actions. By treating others with kindness and respect, adults show the
kids in their lives that there is no place for bullying. Even if it seems like they are not paying
attention, kids are watching how adults manage stress and conflict, as well as how they treat
their friends, colleagues, and families.

Anti-Bullying
3.1. Republic Act No. 10627

Drug Abuse and Prevention

DRUG is a chemical substance that affects the function of living cells and alters, body, or mind
processes when taken into the body or applied through the skin.
Drug Abuse - Is the overuse or consumption of drugs other than medical reasons. It is
characterized by taking more than the recommended dose of prescription drugs using
government regulated substances or other illegal drugs.
DRUG ABUSE - Drugs are chemicals. Different drugs, because of their chemical structures, can
affect the body in different ways. In fact, some drugs can even change a person's body and
brain in ways that last long after the person has stopped taking drugs, maybe even permanently.
DRUG DEPENDENCE - Is characterized by a compulsion to use a drug to experience
psychological or physical effects despite any deterioration in health, work, or social activities.
DRUG DEPENDENCE- Depending on the drug. It can enter the human body in a number of
ways. including injection, inhalation, and ingestion. The method of how it enters the body
impacts on how the drug affects the person.
For example: injection takes the drug directly into the bloodstream, providing more immediate
effects; while ingestion requires the drug to pass through the digestive system, delaying the
effects.
Signs and Symptoms of Drug Abuse :
•Sudden shift in attitudes. A person who was once sober and polite suddenly becomes rude and
irrational
•Mood swings. Depressed first then becoming highly elated
•Highly excitable and displays fits rage and aggression
•Neglect of personal grooming, hygiene, and
appearance.
•Engaging in petty crimes and other forms of mischief to support the illegal habits.
•Association with known drug abusers and people with shady character.

•The impact of drug abuse and dependence can be far-reaching, affecting almost every organ in
the human body. Drug use can: -
1) Weaken the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections.
2) Cause cardiovascular conditions ranging from abnormal heart rate to heart attacks.
Injected drugs can also lead to collapsed veins and infections of the blood vessels and heart
valves.
3) Cause nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
4) Cause the liver to have to work harder, possibly causing significant damage or liver failure.
5) Cause seizures, stroke and widespread brain damage that can impact all aspects of daily life
by causing problems with memory, attention and decision-making, including sustained mental
confusion and permanent brain damage.
6) Produce global body changes such as breast development in men, dramatic fluctuations in
appetite and increases in body temperature, which may impact a variety of health conditions.

Alcohol- Specifically ethyl alcohol which is the main ingredient of all alcoholic beverages.
Sedative- Hypnotics - These drugs are used medically in the treatment of epilepsy, insomnia,
and anxiety.
Narcotics - These drugs are used medically to relive pain, suppress cough, reduce movement of
intestine and induce psychological indifference.

•Seizures, stroke, mental confusion and brain damage. Lung disease. Problems with memory,
attention and decision-making, which make daily living more difficult. Global effects of drugs on
the body, such as breast development in men and increases in body temperature, which can
lead to other health problems.

Effects On The Brain

Although initial drug use may be voluntary. drugs have been shown to alter brain chemistry.
which interferes with an individual's ability to make decisions and can lead to compulsive
craving. seeking and use. This then becomes a substance dependency.

Behavioral Problems
i. Paranoia it. Aggressiveness mi. Hallucinations iv. Addiction
v. Impaired vi. Judgment vi. Impulsiveness vii Loss of Self-Control

Birth Defects
Nearly 4 percent of pregnant women in the United States use illicit drugs such as marijuana,
cocaine, Ecstasy and other amphetamines, and heroin. These and other illicit drugs may pose
various risks for pregnant women and their babies. Some of these drugs can cause a baby to be
born too small or too soon, or to have withdrawal symptoms, birth defects or learning and
behavioral problems. Additionally, illicit drugs may be prepared with impurities that may be
harmful to a pregnancy.

Consider other strategies to prevent teen drug abuse:

• Know your teen's activities. Pay attention to your teen's whereabouts.
•Establish rules and consequences.
•Know your teen's friends. D
•Keep track of prescription drugs.
•Provide support.
•Set a good example.

Injuries
More deaths. illnesses and disabilities stem from substance abuse than from any other
preventable health condition. Today, one in four deaths is attributable to ilicit drug use. People
who live with substance dependence have a higher risk of all bad outcomes including
unintentional injuries. accidents, risk of domestic violence, medical problems, and death.

DRUG PREVENTION
• Substance abuse prevention, also known as drug abuse prevention, is a process that attempts
to prevent the onset of substance we or limit the development of problems associated with using
psychoactive's substances.
Prevention efforts may focus on the individual or their surroundings.

Why is adolescence a critical time for preventing drug addiction?

•As noted previously, early use of drugs increases a person's chances of becoming addicted.
Remember, drugs change the brain-and this can lead to addiction and other serious problems.
Sp, preventing early use of drugs or alcohol may go a long way in reducing these risks.

•Risk of drug use increases greatly during times of transition. For an adult, a divorce or loss of a
job may increase the risk of drug use. For a teenager, risky times include moving, family divorce,
or changing schools. When children advance from elementary through middle school, they face
new and challenging social, family, and academic situations.

•Often during this period, children are exposed to substances such as cigarettes and alcohol for
the first time. When they enter high school, teens may encounter greater availability of drugs,
drug use by older teens, and social activities where drugs are used.
When individuals leave high school and live more independently, either in college or as an
employed adult, they may find themselves exposed to drug use while separated from the
protective structure provided by family and school.

•A certain amount of risk-taking is a normal part of adolescent development. The desire to try
new things and become more independent is healthy, but it may also increase teens' tendencies
to experiment with drugs. The parts of the brain that control judgment and decision-making do
not fully develop until people are in their early or mid-20s.

•This limits a teen's ability to accurately assess the risks of drug experimentation and makes
young people more vulnerable to peer pressure.
•Because the brain is still developing, using drugs at this age has more potential to disrupt brain
function in areas critical to motivation, memory, learning, judgment, and behavior control.
Drug abuse can affect several aspects of a person's physical and psychological health.
Certain drugs can lead to drowsiness and slow breathing, while others may cause insomnia,
paranoia, or hallucinations. Chronic drug use is associated with cardiovascular, kidney, and liver
disease.

What are the effects of drugs?

1. All drugs carry risks and you never know how you'll react to a drug so it's a bit of a lottery.
2. Drugs can be broadly divided into three categories based on their main effects. They may act
solely as stimulants, as depressants or as hallucinogens (aka psychedelics).
What are the effects of drugs?
3. Quite a few drugs have mixed effects.
Many show two effects at the same time, and can then be described either as stimulant
hallucinogens (for example, ecstasy) or as depressant hallucinogens (for example, cannabis).
What are the effects of drugs?
4. Stimulants make you feel alert and like you have lots of energy and confidence.
However, they can put pressure on your heart and there is a risk of heart failure. They include
cocaine, speed, ecstasy, and mephedrone.
5. Depressants make you feel relaxed and chilled out but they can slow down your heart rate
and breathing which can be fatal.
They include alcohol, tranquillisers, heroin and cannabis.