Simulation Analysis of Dynamical Performance and e

Journal of Physics: Conference Series
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS You may also like

- The concept of value in sustainable
Simulation analysis of dynamical performance and infrastructure systems: a literature review
Santiago Zuluaga, Bryan W Karney and
economic performance for the electric vehicle Shoshanna Saxe
- The impact of fiscal decentralization on

economic performance in Indonesia
To cite this article: Jiang-li Pan et al 2023 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2478 122015 F Setiawan and A F Aritenang
- Working Fluids Optimization Based on

Economical Performance and
Thermodynamic Performance for 350kW
ORC System
View the article online for updates and enhancements. Lihong Wei, Hua Jiang, Ruiling Guo et al.
This content was downloaded from IP address 168.151.184.29 on 25/06/2023 at 13:48

2022 International Conference on Defence Technology (2022 ICDT) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478 (2023) 122015 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2478/12/122015
Simulation analysis of dynamical performance and economic

performance for the electric vehicle
Jiang-li PAN, Xu Yang,Bo Zou, Bu Lv,Zun-fei Liu, Wen-juan Zhang, Shuang-

ping Ye，Feng-Min
Chongqing Tiema Industries Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400050,China
E-mail:cqu_pjl@163.com
Abstract. Aimming at the problem that it is difficult to evaluate whether the dynamical
performance and economic performance meet the expected indicators after selecting
powertrain for the special vehicle, a vehicle simulation model was built based on the vehicle
dynamics theory for the simulation analysis of dynamical performanc and economic
performance. The maximum speed, acceleration time, maximum climbing slope and the
biggest continue voyage course were obtained by simulating. The simulation results show that
its dynamical performance and economic performance meet the expected targets, and the
vehicle simulation model has high accuracy and short modeling cycle, which can provide
reference for the development of the electric vehicle.
Keywords. Electric vehicle; Dynamical performance; Economic performance; Expected

indicators; Simulation.
1. Introduction
Compared with traditional vehicles, electric vehicle have made great progress in energy efficiency
and environmental protection [1].Therefore, the development of electric vehicle has become the
development direction of the current automobile industry. The power system of pure electric vehicle is
a complex multi-disciplinart system, mainly composed of power battery, drive motor and transmission
system. The evaluation indexes of dynamical performane of pure electric vehicle include maximum
speed, acceleration time and maximum climbing slope, and the evaluation indexes of economic
performane include energy consumption rate and driving range.
It is necessary to use advanced simulation technology for performance simulation analysis and
verification of control algorithm. It can reduce development cycle and save development cost that
using simulation software to establish analysis model. Also, it has become an important link of
development.
Japanese scholars developed electric vehicle models earlier. For example, in literature [2] ,they
designed a 7-DOF vehicle model without considering vehicle's vertical movement .CHEN Chun-ju [3]
built a model of the vehicle and simulated its dynamic and fule economy.WEI Dai-qiang [4]
established a vehicle simulation model which can be used to do dynamic simulation for conducting to
verify rationality of the design parameters.
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
Tian Jinyue [5] established a simulation model of vehicle and a vehicle unit , and the driveline
system has been simulated on NEDC and acceleration conditions. And the paper also makes an
analysis of the influents on vehicle's dynamic, economic and jerk performances caused by
transmission's parameters. Han shou-song [6] built the PHHV complete model. In accordance with the
PHHV's working characteristics, the output torque control strategy of the engine and hydraulic
pump/motor is designed based on the driving torque needed to improve the fuel economy. Lu Xun [7]
put forward a method of optimizing ECVT speed ratio based on the best transmission efficiency line in
the full power domain. The dynamic and economic performance of an ECVT pure electric vehicle was
simulated and analyzed by AMESim.
This paper built an eight-wheel drive electric vehicle model with four inter-shaft motors including
the driving motor, battery, transmission system and driving condition models based on the simulation
software. The simulation analysis of dynamical performance and economic performance for this
model.
2. Vehicle dynamic model[8-9]

The vehicle dynamic model is established which provides the basis for AMESim modeling of
power transmission ralationship.
The vehicle is mainly affected by driving force and driving resistance during moving .The driving
force overcomes the resistances and causes the vehicle to move.
The driving equation of vehicle is
Ft = ∑ F (1)
Where, Tt is the driving force, which is obtained from the torque of the engine transmitted to the
driving wheel through the transmission system.∑ F is the sum of driving resistance.
The rolling resistance from the road surface and the air resistance from the air must be overcome
when the vehicle runs on the horizontal road by a same speed.The slop resistance must also be
overcome when the vehicle climbs on the ramp. The acceleration resistance must be overcome when
the vehicle accelerates. The totle resistance of the vehicle is
∑ F = Ff + Fw + Fi + Fj (2)
Where,Ff is the rolling resistance (N); Fw is the air resistance (N); Fi is slop resistance (N); Fj is the
acceleration resistance (N).
The rolling resistance equation of vehicle is
а
Ff = mg(f + kv)cos⁡(arctan 100) (3)
Where, m is the vehicle weight (kg); f is the rolling resistance coefficient; k is velocity coefficient
[1/(m/s)]; v is the linear speed of the vehicle (m/s); а is slope.
The air resistance equation of vehicle is
1
Fw = Cd Aρv (4)
2
Where, Cd is the air resisitance coefficient; A is the windward area, that is , the projected area of
1.2258kg
the driving direction of the vehicle (m2 ); ρ is air density, generally ρ = ; ⁡v is the ralative
m3
speed which is the speed of the vehicle when there is no wind (m/s).
The slop resistance equation of vehicle is
а
Fi = mg(arctan ) (5)
100
The acceleration resistance equation of vehicle is
dv
Fj = δm (6)
dt
dv
Where, δ is vehicle rotation mass conversion coefficient, δ > 1; dt
is the driving acceleration
(m/s 2 ).
2
3. The vehicle performance simulation

3.1. Miniature electric vehicle simulation model
The whole vehicle model of pure electric vehicle is composed of subsystems such as power supply,
motor, simulated driving, deceleration unit, control unit and vehicle. The simulation model is showen
in Figure 1.
Figure 1. The vehicle simulation model
Table 1. The parameters of the vehicle simulation model.
parameters value
vehicle weight /kg 10000
rolling resistance coefficient 0.0625
2
windward area/m 6.37
air resisitance coefficient 0.65
Free tyre radius/m 0.5407
3.2. Results and analysis of the dynamial performance simulation

The dynamic performance of the vehicle is the average speed which id determined by the
longitudinal external force when the vehicle runs in a straight line on a good road. The dynamic
performance of a vehicle is evaluated by three indicators: maximum speed, acceleration time and
maximum climbing slope. The maximum speed and maximum climbing slope reflect the ultimate
driving performance of the vehicle, while the acceleration time reflects the comprehensive dynamic
performance of the vehicle.
3.2.1. Maxiumum speed

The maximum speed refers to the maximum stable speed that a vehicle can achieve on a straight
road with good level, which is the main index reflecting vehicle power performance. The maximum
speed is determained by the highest grade transmission ratio of the vehicle and the highest engin speed.
The variation curve of the vehicle speed over time is shown in Figure 2.According to Figure 2, it
can be found that the maximum speed of the vehicle is 86.3 km/h .
3
Figure 2. The variation curve of the vehicle speed over time.
3.2.2. The acceleration time

The variation curve of the vehicle speed over time is shown in Figure 3.
According to Figure 3, it can be found that：
(1) when the simulation time is 2.2s, the speed reaches 32km/h, that is, the acceleration time of the
vehicle from 0km/h to 32km/h is 2.2s;
(2) when the simulation time is 7.5s, the speed reaches 60km/h, that is, the acceleration time of the
vehicle from 0km/h to 60km/h is 7.5s;
(3) when the simulation time is 13.7s, the speed reaches 80km/h, that is, the acceleration time of
the vehicle from 60km/h to 80km/h is 6.2s.
Figure 3. vehicle speed vs. time
4
Table 2. The acceleration time.
Scop of speed(km/h) Acceleration Time (s)

0~32 2.2
0~60 7.5
60~80 6.2
3.2.3. The maximum climbing slope

The maximum speed of the vehicle corresponding to each slope is shown in Figure 4. The slope
increases from 50% to 105% at 5% intervals.
According to Figure 4, it can be found that:
(1) When the road slope is 50%, the vehicle can run normally and the maximum speed reaches
17.6 km/h ;
(2) the maximum speed decreased with the increase of road slope ;
(3) When the road slope increased to 85%, the vehicle can run normally and the maximum speed
reaches 12.3 km/h ;
(4) When the road slope increases from 85% to 90%, the maximum climbing speed of the vehicle
drops sharply from 12.3 km/h to 0 km/h; It means that the vehicle cannot run normally on the road
with a 90% slope.
In conclusion, the maximum climbing slope of the vehicle is about 85% , and the maximum speed
is 12.3km/h.
Figure 4. The maximum speed corresponding to each slope.
5
3.3. Results and analysis of the economic performance simulation

The economic performance of electric vehicles is usually measured by the electric energy
consumption of the vehicle under a certain operating condition or the mileage of the vehicle under a
certain electric condition, which mainly includs two evaluation indexes: energy consumption rate and
driving mileage.Continuous driving mileage refers to the maximum distance that an electric vehicle
can run continuously under a certain driving condition when the power battery is fully charged. The
driving mileage of electric vehicle can be divided into constant speed driving mileage and cycling
driving mileage.
The cycle operating condition of economic simulation input is carried out by the Worldwide Light
Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC). WLTC is jointly formulated by the European Union, Japan and the
United States.It simulates four different operating condition: urban (low speed), suburban (medium
speed), rural (high speed) and expressway (super high speed), and each part has different maximum
speed. The speed of the vehicle corresponding to time is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Control speed vs. time under WLTC condition.
The speed of the vehicle an the control speed corresponding to time is shown in Figure 6.
According to Figure 6, it can be found that the speed at other times can be completely followed with
control speed except for the speed near the highest speed in WLTC condtion. The following
characteristic is good.
Figure 6. Control speed and vehicle speed vs. time under WLTC condition.
6
The SOC corresponding to time is shown in Figure 7. According to Figure 7, it can be found that
the SOC reduced from 95% at the beginning to 57.3% at the end of the cycle, and the battery SOC
was used up 37.7% during the whole WLTC cycle.
The distance of the vehicle corresponding to time is shown in Figure 8. According to Figure 8, it
can be found that the distance of the vehicle is 21.52 km during the whole WLTC cycle.
If the minimum SOC value is set at 20%, the driving mileage is 46 km according to the date in the
Figure 7 and Figure 8.
Figure 7. SOC vs. time.
Figure 8. The distance of the vehicle vs. time.
4. Conclusion
In this paper, a vehicle simulation model of a heavy-duty vehicle with eight wheels and four inter-
shaft motors was built.The maximum speed, the acceleration time and the maximum climbing slope of
7
the vehicle simulation model were obtained through dynamical performance simulation. At the same
time, the economic performance simulation under the WLTC condition was carried out, and the
driving mileage was obtained. The simulation results are satisfactory and it can achieve the expected
goal through comparing with the expected index. The simulation analysis of dynamical performance
and economic performance can provide referance for the development of the electric vehicle.
References
[1] Yoichi Hori. Future Vehicle Driven by Electricity and Control-Research on Four-Wheel-
Motored " UOT Electric March II" [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUNSTRIAL
WLECTRONICS, VOL.51, NO.5, OCTOBER 2004.
[2] CHEN Chun-ju, WANG Wen-lin. Simulation and Analysis of Off-roader Dynamic and Fule
Economy. Journal of Nanchang University (Engineering & Technology), Vol.32, No.4,
Dec.2010.
[3] WEI Dai-qiang, ZHAN Ren-jun, LIU Han-nuo. Parameter Desgin and Simulation of Dynamic
Property for Four-wheel Independent Drive Unmanned Vehicle. Fire Control & Command
Control, VOL.40,nO.6,Jun.2015.
[4] Sakai SHin-Ichiro, Sado Hideo, Hori Yoichi. Dynamic driving/braking force distribution in
electric vehicles with independently driven four wheels [J]. Electrical Engineering in
Japan,2002,138(1):79-89
[5] TIAN Jin-yue, WANG Chen-yang, Research on the Driveline System of Electric Bus Based on
AMESim[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science),
Vol.31,No1,Jan.2017.
[6] HAN Shou-song, CHAO Zhi-qiang, LIU Xiang-bo, MENG Ai-hong. Modeling and Simulation
of Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles Based on AMESim[J]. Journal of Academy of Armored Force
Engineering, Vol.26,No4,Aug.2012.
[7] LU Xun, LIU Min, DAI Pengcheng, TAO jUAN. Performance Simulation and Design of an
ECVT Electric Vehicle Passenger Car [J]. Research & Development, 2022
[8] YU Zhi-sheng. Vehicle Theory [M].Beijing: China Machine Press,1981
[9] CIKANEK S R, BAILEY K E. Regenerative Braking System for a Hybrid Electric
Vehicle[J]．American Control Conference, vol4, 2002.

Simulation Analysis of Dynamical Performance and e

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Simulation Analysis of Dynamical Performance and e

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Simulation Analysis of Dynamical Performance and e

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Journal of Physics: Conference Series

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS You may also like

- The impact of fiscal decentralization on

- Working Fluids Optimization Based on

This content was downloaded from IP address 168.151.184.29 on 25/06/2023 at 13:48

Simulation analysis of dynamical performance and economic

Jiang-li PAN, Xu Yang,Bo Zou, Bu Lv,Zun-fei Liu, Wen-juan Zhang, Shuang-

Keywords. Electric vehicle; Dynamical performance; Economic performance; Expected

2. Vehicle dynamic model[8-9]

3. The vehicle performance simulation

Figure 1. The vehicle simulation model

Table 1. The parameters of the vehicle simulation model.

3.2. Results and analysis of the dynamial performance simulation

3.2.1. Maxiumum speed

Figure 2. The variation curve of the vehicle speed over time.

3.2.2. The acceleration time

Figure 3. vehicle speed vs. time

Table 2. The acceleration time.

Scop of speed(km/h) Acceleration Time (s)

3.2.3. The maximum climbing slope

Figure 4. The maximum speed corresponding to each slope.

3.3. Results and analysis of the economic performance simulation

Figure 5. Control speed vs. time under WLTC condition.

Figure 7. SOC vs. time.

Figure 8. The distance of the vehicle vs. time.

You might also like