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1 | SOCIAL PREPARATION (COMMON MODULE)
and six learning packets are intended for engine
PREFACE
As mandated by law, National Service Training Program (NSTP) an educational

program and curricular requirement, aimed at transforming the youth into
reproductive assets for local and national development. Based on the findings from
history that there are much to be expected from the intrinsic and potential value of
the Filipino youth. This program is designed to develop knowledge, skills and
values in order for them to become good citizens.
There is a need for preparing the youth for their duties as citizen via the NSTP
cannot be overemphasized. As embodied in the Republic No. 9163, the NSTP Law of
2001 has ushered a new direction in training the Filipino youth for their duties and
responsibilities of citizenship. This Citizenship Training purports to prepare the
youth for their primordial tasks as a nation-building and citizen soldiers in response
to the clarion call of the times.
To achieve the aims of NSTP, this modular learning packets attempts to present a
comprehensive overview of the program. The whole insights and activities relative
to NSTP contained in this learning packets satisfied the need for instructional
materials that meets the prescribed guidelines for the implementation of R.A. 9163.
Learning Packet Page 2 of 20
Disclaimer: This learning material is for instructional delivery purposes of the faculty members of samar state university only. This is intended solely for the consumption
of officially enrolled students of the course and this should not be sold, reproduced, shared nor copied by other individuals.
The student trainees will find modular learning packets useful, relevant and
responsive to contemporary situation. The zealous and vibrant response of our
youth to the realization of the ends of the program will constitute a covenant in
building sustainable communities in the country for national development.
With fervent hopes that the school authorities and official mandated by law to
operationalize this vital role of youth empowerment through citizenship training
will optimally use this resource material in the delivery of the subjects/topics
covered in the first part of NSTP, especially along the subjects of the 25 hour
common module phase in pursuit of that ultimate end of molding the youth into
civic-conscious and defense-prepared individuals for nation building.
MODULE 1: CITIZENSHIP TRAINING
1.0 Intended Learning Outcomes
a. Discuss the history and the legal bases of NSTP.

b. Understand the importance of Philippine Constitution, Preamble, Bill of Rights, and duties and
responsibilities.
c. Understand the United Nations Principles on Human Rights.
d. Apply the Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines.
e. Conceptualize the Good Citizenship Values.
f. Appreciate the Voter Citizenship Education.
1.1 Introduction
The Citizenship Training topics of the National Service Training Program (NSTP) affords the implementing
institutions the opportunity to develop consciousness on national and global civic rights and
responsibilities. The program components of NSTP are structured in a way that the student trainees’ notion
of the relationship between the State and the people has changed and the service opportunities have been a
core means for learning how citizenship is applied. The NSTP Law is a legislation that sees the youth as
partners of the state in promoting civic consciousness, and aims to develop their physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual and social well-being through civic service. In so doing, it inculcates patriotism and nationalism
in the youth, and advance their involvement in civic and public affairs.
As an enabling law, it enjoins students and young people to strengthen their social awareness and civic
engagements. It requires implementers to design a program that supports the National Service Training
Program, which provides the theoretical concept and which supplements theoretical learning by service
extension which paved the way for a curriculum framework on citizenship and civic consciousness.
This framework and vision for students engaging in civic service and community work Equip the trainees
with an understanding of citizen rights, duties and roles in civil society And provides theoretical and
practical learning experiences for civic mindedness, service And community participation.
Consistent with the aims of the program is broadening the student trainee’s worldview from a love of
country, nation and community, to concern, action for others beyond nationalism. Truly, citizenship cannot
and should not be confined to the national boundaries of one’s country or to patriotism and loyalty to one’s
own homeland. On the contrary, an intense focus on nationalism and patriotism alone can stand in
contradiction to a broader notion of humanity. This Learning Packet focuses on the rights and
responsibilities of citizens.
1.2 Topics/Discussion (with assessment/practice activity)
1.2.1 Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP
The imposition of the national program for service and training of the youth in the Philippines began with
the creation of commonwealth Act No. 1, otherwise known as the National Defense Act of 1935. It is a
legislative act providing basis for the national defense of the country, punishing certain violations thereof,
appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes under the government of President Manuel L.
Quezon. The Law requires college students, particularly makes, to finish two years, equivalent to four
semesters, of military training as a mandatory to institutionalize the reservist system in the Philippines
national defense.
In 1980, the National Defense Act was amended to give existence to Presidential Decree No. 1706,
otherwise known as the National Service Law. It mandated compulsory National service to all Filipino
citizens. It was composed of three program components, namely: Civic Welfare Service (CWS), Law
Enforcement Service (LES), and Military Service (MS). College students were given an option to choose one
from among these components In compliance with this requirement for tertiary education.
The implementation of the National Service Law, except the provision of the Military Service was
suspended by Presidential memorandum Order No. 1 under the incumbency of Former President Corazon
Aquino, paving the way for the conceptualization of the basic Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC),
embodied under R.A. 7077, effective school year 1986-1987.
The ROTC program aimed to realize the constitutional mandate of developing a Strong civilian base to
supplement the professional military in the nation’s defense system. It was designed to initiate the ROTC
trainees in the rudiments of soldiership, instilling in them discipline and correct deportment. The objective
of the said program was to train all able bodied tertiary students for military skills in case of war.
As a way to offer an alternative in neutralizing people’s aversion to this military Program during the school
year 2001-2002, ROTC was only made optional under the National Service Program (NSP), conceiving the
so called Expanded ROTC (E-ROTC). The E-ROTC was characterized by deviation from the rigid tactical
training offering alternatives Like rendering civil auxiliary sources in the form of helping maintain law and
order, Assisting socio economic development projects and delivery of basic health services or Aiding in
addressing local insurgency. In view of the options, it gave the students the choice, among the following
Components: Military Service (MS), Civic Welfare Service (CWS) and Law Enforcement Service (LES).
Many, if not all of the higher education institutions, found the enforcement of NSP Confusing and
unmanageable though. Hence, December 2001, the NSTP Act, envisioned to address public clamour for
reforms in the ROTC and NSP Programs, was signed into law by Then President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
as an aggressive modality toward making the Former national service training that is military in nature,
relevant to the changing needs of the time.
The main objective of NSTP is to stress the significant role played by youth, male and Female alike, in the
task of developing our nation via national service training. As such, it aims to develop the youth to become
civic or military leaders and volunteers through a modified, restructured and reinforced training package
who could be called upon by the nation in cases their services are needed and in the event of disasters or
emergencies.
Compared with ROTC, the NSTP Act ensured that three components Civic Welfare Training Service
(CWTS), Literacy Training Service (LTS) and Reserve Officers Training Service (ROTC) are given the same
and equal implementation in educational institutions. Moreover it defined the different NSTP components,
the duration of the training, coverage and others.
The non- military program components of NSTP – CWTS and LTS are committed the realization of the
following objectives:
 Strengthen the values and traits of the youth;
 Improve their skills and knowledge on various endeavours;
 Develop their interest in community service; and
 Make them responsible for peace and development to ensure harmony and
 Growth in the Filipino communities.
Legal Bases of NSTP
 The Philippine Constitution of 1987 Preamble and Bill of Rights
 Commonwealth Act No. 1 (National Defense Act) of 1935
 Presidential Decree No 1706 (National Service Law) of 1980
 Republic Act No. 7077 of 1991 (The Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines)
 Republic Act No.9163 (NSTP Act of 2001
1.2.2 Philippine Constitution; Preamble and Bill of Rights
1.2.2 A. Preamble
The preamble of the Constitution provides that we should establish a Government which shall "conserve
and develop our patrimony." Our "patrimony" includes our public forests, mangroves, wildlife, and flora
and fauna which should be conserved, protected and renewed. The preamble plays a very important role in
shaping the destiny of the country.
The preamble to our constitution serves two purposes: It indicates the source from which the constitution
gets its authority. It also states the objects which the constitution seeks to establish and promote. The
Preamble states that the Constitution exists to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic
tranquillity, provide for the common defence, and promote the general welfare. The emphasis on
establishing a “Union” and a successful government for it is not surprising because the Constitution was
important to the framing generation. The preamble gives a brief idea to the makers of the Constitution so
that the constituent assembly make plans and formulates the constitution.
Preamble is an introductory statement, preface or introduction. It is the introductory part of a statute,
stating the reasons and intent of what follows. Or it is a preliminary or introductory fact or circumstance.
The term preamble is derived from the latin word “preambulare” which means “to walk before”. It is the
prologue of the constitution. Clustered below are the good citizenship values that are reflected in the
Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:
Preamble
We, the sovereign Filipino people,
Imploring the aid of almighty God,
In order to build a just and humane society
And establish a Government
That shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
Promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony,
And secure to ourselves our posterity the blessings of independence
And democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth,
Justice, freedom, love equality, and peace,
Do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
1.2.2 B. Bill of Rights of Filipinos
Article III of the Philippine Constitution is the Bill of Rights. It establishes the relationship of the individual
to the State and defines the rights of the individual by limiting the lawful powers of the State. It is one of
the most important political achievements of the Filipinos. (Smith, 1945)
The concept of a Bill of Rights, as such, is essentially an occidental product. For a number of centuries in
British, French, and American political thought, there has grown the conviction that the rights of the
individual must be preserved and safeguarded, not through the authority of an individual, not through
membership in a particular group or party, not through reliance upon force of arms, but rather through the
accepted processes of declared constitutional law. A bill of rights is a constitutional enumeration of rights
and privileges guaranteed by the State to all persons within its territory. It is the statement of individual
liberties which citizens, residents and sojourners in the country enjoy abuses in against the exercise of
government power. In short, it is the people’s shield against government abuse. The peaceful attainment of
peace will depend on our nation’s libertarian use of freedom of thought, speech and association. The rights
proclaimed in the Bill of Rights are the “ten commandments” of our constitutional faith. They are the
means of and ends of security and survival.
1.2.4 United Nations Principles of Human Rights
Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Rights to a Remedy and Reparation for victims of Gross Violations
of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights establishes the equality and dignity of every human being and
stipulates that every Government has a core duty to enable all people to enjoy all their inalienable rights
and freedoms. All of us have a right to speak freely and participate in decisions that affect our lives. The
Universal Declaration begins by recognising that the inherent dignity of all members of the human family
is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. It declares that human rights are universal – to
be enjoyed by all people, no matter who they are or where they live.
The Universal Declaration includes civil and political rights, like the right to life, liberty, free speech and
privacy. It also includes economic, social and cultural rights, like the right to social security, health and
education.
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by
governments, social organizations and private individuals, and which ensure one's ability to participate in
the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.
The Universal Declaration is not a treaty, so it does not directly create legal obligations for countries.
However, it is an expression of the fundamental values which are shared by all members of the
international community. And it has had a profound influence on the development of international human
rights law. Some argue that because countries have consistently invoked the Declaration for more than
sixty years, it has become binding as a part of customary international law.
Further, the Universal Declaration has given rise to a range of other international agreements which are
legally binding on the countries that ratify them.
1.2.5 Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippine
Our Constitution declares that it is state policy to inculcate nationalism and patriotism in our youth.
Republic Act 8491, or the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines,” mandates that reverence and respect
shall be accorded at all times to the Philippine flag, the national anthem and other national symbols that
embody the country’s ideals and traditions, and express the principles of sovereignty and national
solidarity. It penalizes violators.
The code thus prescribes some rules on the Philippine flag, as follows:
– The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in time of peace and the red field on top
in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue field shall be to the right (left of the observer) in time of
peace and the red field to the right (left of the observer) in time of war.
– A flag worn out through wear and tear shall not be thrown away. It shall be solemnly burned to avoid
misuse or desecration. The flag shall be replaced immediately when it begins to show signs of wear and
tear.
– May 28 to June 12 of each year are declared as Flag Days, during which all offices, agencies and
instrumentalities of government, business establishments and institutions of learning, including private
homes, are enjoined to display the flag.
The following are prohibited with respect to the flag:
– To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on, cast contempt or commit on the flag or any act or omission that
casts dishonor or ridicule upon the flag over its surface (thus, it is illegal to burn the Philippine flag during
rallies).
– To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute.
– To use the flag as drapery, festoon or tablecloth; as covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects; as
a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles; as a staff or whip; for unveiling monuments or
statues; and as trademarks or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or designs.
– To display the flag under any painting or picture; horizontally face up (it shall always be hoisted aloft
and allowed to fall freely); below any platform; or in discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos,
gambling joints and places of vice or where frivolity prevails.
– To wear the flag in whole or part as a costume or uniform.
– To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing, advertisement or imprint of any nature to the
flag.
– To print, paint or attach a representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions and other
merchandise.
– To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic establishments, and in
offices of international organizations.
– To use, display or be part of any advertisement or infomercial.
– To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.
On the national anthem, the code expressly prescribes that its rendition, whether played or sung, shall be in
accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe. (We understand that,
according to the National Historic Commission of the Philippines, the proper tempo is a 2/4 and 100
metronomes, and that the anthem should last 53 seconds).
When the national anthem is played at a public gathering, whether by a band or by singing or both, or
reproduced by any means, the attending public shall sing it with fervour.
As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the Philippine flag, if there is one
displayed. If none, they shall face the band or conductor. At the first note, all persons shall execute a salute
by placing their right palms over their left chests. Those in the military or scouting shall give the prescribed
salute.
The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or entertainment purposes,
except on some occasions. These are international competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a
representative; local competitions; during “signing off” and “signing on” of radio broadcasting and
television stations; and before the initial and last screening of films or before the opening of theater
performances.
Violators shall, upon conviction, be punished with a fine of between P5, 000 and P20, 000, imprisonment of
not more than one year, or both.
Several bills have been introduced to amend the code to highlight the importance of complying with,
abiding by and conforming to the standard expression as prescribed by law, as well to increase penalties
for violations. As of today, none have been enacted.
A Flags is a sacred and respected feature of the nation which it symbolizes. Each nation’s flag has a specific
way in which it should be displayed and folded. Our national flag is the symbol of our country. It shows
our unity as a people. It stands for our high ideals and noble heritage. Therefore, when you show respect
for the flag, you also show respect for our country and the people. One way to show respect is to handle
the flag properly. The Philippine National Flag is said to be the primary symbol of the nation’s
Camaraderie, solidarity and unity. It is therefore, the symbol of nationalism and Patriotism in our country.
And so, let us learn more about its history and origin.
1.2.6 Good Citizenship Values
A good Filipino citizen is one who plays an active and intelligent role as a member of the community. He is
one who fulfils his duties and obligations to the government and society. He possesses the traits of
respectfulness, courtesy and consideration for parents and elders and for others. He observes punctuality,
promptness, and good moral conduct. Coloma, T.M. and Herrera, M.M. How can you become good
citizens? You can become good citizens by living in accordance with the good citizenship values we can
derive from the preamble of the1987 constitution:
“we the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God in order to build a just humane
society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common
good conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of
independence and democracy under that rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality
and peace, do ordain and promulgate this constitution. “
The Filipino values presented in the preamble have been simplified and categorized into the following:
l. Pagkamaka-Diyos
A. Faith in the Almighty God imploring the aid of Almighty God.
B. Respect for life
C. Order
D. Work
E. Concern for the family and future generations
II. Pagkamaka-Tao
A. love
B. freedom independence and democracy
C. peace
D. truth
E. justice
III. Pagkamaka-Bayan
A. unity
B. equality
C. respect for law and government rule of law
D. patriotism conserve and develop our patrimony
E. common good
IV. Pagkamaka-Kalikasan
A.concern for the environment
These are the sixteen values that will help shape and guide our nation towards a better tomorrow and
provide the fundamental structure for all the provisions of the constitution. EDSA 1 is the best example
where in concrete actions of these Filipino values have been shown and it also proved that we are a nation
built on values.
I. Pagkamaka-Diyos
“Isa akong katoliko at buong pusong tinatanggap ang kamatayan para sa Panginoon, kung ako man ay
may sanlibong buhay, lahat ng iyon ay iaalay ko sa Kanya.”-San Lorenzo Ruiz.
A. The good citizenship values of faith in the Almighty God
This is the basic value to put God in the center of your lives and communicate with Him by means of
prayers. You should look to Him as your ultimate source, one with infinite powers to help you in your
work, to enable you to meet your needs and to get you out of trouble and crisis. With this experience, you
become fully aware of the things you can accomplish when you live a life of faith. It is ironic, however, that
in a country where citizen are innately “maka-Diyos”, there are committed each day, many acts violating
the laws of God. How
can it be that you ask for God’s help and guidance then go against His wishes? Faith alone By Bro. Andrew
Maria, MMHCA devout widow who was known to be living saint was crossing a bridge with her child
when an accident happened. Her son fell off the bridge and plunged into the deep water below. At this,
some men got ready to jump into the water to save the child. However, the widow forbade them “do not
move,” she told the men.” My faith alone can save the child.” After she had said this, the widow knelt on
the bridge and prayed with great faith. In a short while, the child drowned and died. The widow wept.
B. The good citizenship value of respect for life
Your life and own humanity is a gift from God, created from His own image and likeness which makes you
a person of worth and dignity as persons and grow to appreciate each other’s worth by keeping an open
mind and charitable attitude so you may be able to appreciate others’ giftedness and special roles in your
life and in the society. Your body is God’s temple, it is sacred and by all means you should be responsible
for it because any form of violence against it defies the sanctity of life. Our natural human rights protect
you from anything that endangers your life and well-being. You should also be responsible for upholding
the rights of others. You shall not be an advocate of violence or any means that may harm the life and
dignity of others. Life is precious. It is your duty to respect, protect, nurture and preserve the human life
from the moment of its conception.
Thoughts to ponder:
As a student, do I have habits and vices that may lead me to destroy my own body which is considered as
God’s temple? Do I treat other people well and give them the worth and dignity due to them as human
beings?
C. The good citizenship value of order
The value of order is doing “first things first.” It is simply doing the right thing at the right time and right
place without hesitation. Order entails the discipline of mind emotion and action. We need these so that
we can lay a peaceful successful and productive life. Otherwise it will trigger situations of panic unrest
confusion havoc and an anarchy. You should understand that the value of order is important in your quest
to improve yourselves as citizens. You should learn to strive hard in arranging your lies in a certain way
that will allow you to serve as inspiration to others by your examples and by a meaningful life guided by
the order every day.
Thoughts to ponder:
Do I recognize the benefits of living an orderly life? Have I sorted out my priorities in life?
The good citizenship value of work.
“GIVE FISH TO A MAN ANDHE WILL HAE FOOD FOR ADAY TEACH HIM HOW TOFISH AND HE
SHALL HAEFOOD TO EAT THROUGHOUTHIS LIFETIME.”-Chinese proverb
Work is a gift and it has become part of your nature and destiny. God has given you talents to use as
investments in your work and in return you are expected to settle for nothing expected to settle for nothing
less than excellent results. Hard work quality work and honest work are what makes a citizen a good
productive and self-reliant member of the society. It is also important that you have the right values and
attitudes toward your work and dealings. You should always remember that no matter how much work
you do what counts in the end is not the volume of work but the amount of love you put into your work.
Learn to work with love integrity and honest to achieve excellent results. Thoughts to ponder: Am I a
committed student who gives my best in school and in other endeavours? Do I use my God-given talents
wisely?
D. The good citizenship value of concern for the family and future generations
Respetuhin natin and ating ina ilaw siya ngtahanan bugyang galang ang ama at angpayo ang susundan at
sa magkakapatidkailangan ay magmahalan dapat lang aypagusapan ang hindi nauunwaan. This value
emphasizes that your family is a gift from God and that utmost attention must be focused on the family a
sanctuary of life and a core unit of society. You draw inspiration and strength from you family and in
return you are expected to do your responsibilities as a member of the family to keep it intact and strong
against
the forces that tend to destroy its values and sense of unity. A family is worth more than any worldly gain.
Be vigilant and possess the resolve to always value your family as your most precious gift next to your life.
Be strengthened by love understanding and mutual respect for all members of our family.
Thoughts to ponder:
What are the most pressing issues my family faces today? Have I developed a strong personal conviction
and resolve to value the wellbeing and unity of my family in the midst of growing threats against it?
II. PAGKAMAKA-TAO“
Ang tenga kapag pinagdikit korteng puso…extension ng puso ang tenga kaya kapagmarunong kang
makinig marunong kangmagmahal… -Bob Ong
Love means so much to us simply love is the answer to our many questions during these trying times. It is
by love that you care respect, accept, forgive and trust. But why is it that our nation has never moved
forward if we all have LOVE within us?
A. THE GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUE OF LOVE

Maybe not all of us ever learned how to live in love which holds us back to love others. This is what the
Almighty God wants you to learn; learn to LOVE. Love entails sacrifice, responsibility and service. Love
binds us together as a nation. Love is the key to our national progress. Let it love be in the beginning the
middle and the end of our history as a nation.
Thoughts to ponder:
Am I a loving student, citizen and person? How can I demonstrate the value of love to my family friends
and community? How can I be a more loving person to others? What benefits can I possibly reap from
being a loving person?
B. The good citizenship value of freedom.
“Freedom consists not in doing what we like, but in having the right to do what we ought”-Pope John Paul
II
You value freedom by giving due recognition and respect to your individuality as persons with human
rights and duties. Freedom is never without the virtue of responsibility. Freedom is the power to act or not
to act. God gave out lives, and with that comes the freedom to choose what you want to make with it. The
freedom our nation is enjoying now the fruits of love hardship and sacrifices of our ancestors. EDSA I and
II are examples of events in our history as a nation that showed how we protected our freedom from tyrant
leaders and anarchy. You should practice freedom with a clear understanding of its limits, with a sense
of discipline and chastity which will lead you to love your fellowmen understand their plight, and do what
is good and right while avoiding what is wrong and evil.
Thoughts to ponder:
As a student in what ways can I demonstrate my commitment to freedom?
C. THE GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUEOF PEACE
You value peace by doing well for other sand for your country living and working together in harmony
and avoiding violence as a way of settling disputes. Peace begins with you. Peace is a God-given gift that
you must nurture by prayer. This can be attained and sustained when you develop a deep consciousness
of your faith in God, concern for your fellowmen loyalty to your country and respect for your environment.
“Peace means serenity of mind simplicity of heart and tranquillity of soul”-St. Augustine
You should be a person of peace a builder of harmony among your fellowmen. You should strive hard to
foster the value of peace in your personal endeavors.
Thought to ponder:
What do I need to have peace and be able to shun violence?
D.THE GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUE OF TRUTH

The value of truth is living and loving passionately with honesty and sincerity. Truth is important in our
society because it is condition for freedom. It entails transparency honesty integrity sincerity, courage and
humility. The truth also demands sacrifices and efforts but it is a worthy cause that highlights your own
capacity as a person to do well and live with integrity. You are a person of integrity; let truth strengthen
your character by honesty and responsibility. Honesty should be applied in all your roles in life because the
truth will set you free and it should always prevail. “There is no truth and no good in lies”
Thought to ponder:
Am I a truthful person? Do I recognize the importance of the value of truth in my life family work and
country?
E. THE GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUE OF JUSTICE
You value justice by means of promoting ethical practices that enhance the essence of social justice. It also
means the promotion of a healthy and humane working condition, fair and legal labor practices, correct use
of power, moving purposefully away from graft, corruption and other evils. Justice is important in our life
because it ensures us that our society fosters an atmosphere that respects human dignity, security, and one
that allows every person equal opportunity to pursue posterity, development and happiness. Let me share
with you a story that will simply show you that justice is giving every man his due.
To every man his due
There was once a poor farmer who would come to town every day in order to supply a baker with
homemade bibingka. In exchange for five pounds of bread for his family. One day, the baker decided to
weigh the bibingka. He discovered that the bibingka was one pound short. This made the baker very
angry, and he accused the farmer of having cheated him. But the farmer very calmly declared, “You see sir
I am poor and I have no weights at home. So I take the five pounds of bread you give me and use it as a
standard. In this way I am sure of giving you an equal amount of bibingka.
From the story mentioned above reflect on this question:
As a citizen, have I done my share in giving my fellow men their basic share of justice by at least treating
them with dignity and being mindful of their rights as much as I value my own?
III.PAGKAMAKA- BAYAN
A. The good citizenship value of unity
“If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand, and if a house is divided against itself,
that house will not be able to stand”
-Mark 3:24-25
When you say unity is a good citizenship value, you mean that all we Filipino citizens are expected to be
one as a people. It also means that YOU: Want your country to be united always. Are able to think of others
as you would of yourselves. Are willing to lend a helping hand to others. Want and are willing to work for
what is the best for your countrymen. The story shows that whether in our country or organizations, civic
or church, we ought to be united, for the devil like the preying lion, divides and conquers. “A kingdom
divided against itself cannot stand.” You should put aside division, and agree to work as one this is not
easy to do, but it is something you must do. It is a heroic task. But remember, you, are called to be a hero.
This is a time for heroes.
B. The good citizenship value of equality
“There will never be real equality so long as one feels inferior or superior to another”-Mahatma Gandhi
His value means treating one another with equality and utmost dignity, respect for fellow human beings,
regardless of religion or cultural orientation, sex, social status, race, etc. all men are created equal and have
every right to be treated fairly in the interest of love and justice. As good citizens, you should therefore
refrain from making irrational judgments of people; act conscientiously and decisively to protect each
person’s right to equality. This is essential in establishing a community of happy, loving, caring and
peaceful people.
Thoughts to ponder:
What does the value of equality mean to me?
How important is it to me?
Do I treat others with a strong sense of equality?
Am I aware of issues that threaten the value of equality in my community/society?
How do these issues affect me as a person/citizen?
As a concerned citizen, what can I do to ensure that the value of equality is safeguarded and promoted?
1.2.7 Voter’s Citizenship Education
Features the citizens’ role in elections and consists of 4 segments: (1) history of Philippine elections; (2)
powers and functions of elected officials; (3) election process; (4) role of citizens to make their votes count
1.2.7 A. History of Philippine Elections
By virtue of the Tydings-McDuffie or Philippine Independence Act of 1934, the Commonwealth of the
Philippines was established, creating with it the position of president and vice president and a unicameral
legislature called the National Assembly. It also mandated the Philippine Legislature to call for an election
of delegates to a Constitutional Convention to draft a constitution for the Philippines. The document
produced was submitted to the President of the United States for certification on March 25, 1935, and was
ratified by the Filipino people through a national plebiscite on May 14, 1935.
On September 16, 1935, the first national elections in the Philippines were held. The two leading Nationalist
politicians—outgoing Senate President Manuel L. Quezon and former Senate president pro-tempore Sergio
Osmeña—joined forces to form a powerhouse coalition ticket. They faced former President Emilio
Aguinaldo and Raymundo Melliza, who ran under the National Socialist Party, and Bishop Gregorio
Aglipay of the Philippine Independent Church who, with Norberto Nabong, re-established the Republican
Party.
The coalition ticket won by a landslide, with Quezon winning in all provinces except the Aguinaldo and
Aglipay bailiwicks of Cavite and Ilocos Norte, respectively. Osmeña, on the other hand, demolished his
opponents and lost only in the province of Cavite, a feat unsurpassed to this day.
While united for the country’s top two positions, Quezon’s Partido Nacionalista Democrata (Antis) and
Osmeña’s Partido Pro-Independencia Democrata (Pros) slugged it out for seats in the National Assembly.
This unicameral legislature had 98 elected members, of which 87 were from existing representative
districts, eight from existing special provinces, and three from the Mountain Province. A significant
majority of
assemblymen were Antis (72%), while 21% were Pros; the rest belonged to opposition groups.
The 1935 Constitution came into full force and effect on November 15, 1935, with the inauguration of the
Commonwealth. Among its provisions was that it would remain the constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines once independence was recognized on July 4, 1946.
The Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office (PCDSPO) has published the
Philippine Electoral Almanac, a handy resource on Philippine national elections from 1935 onwards.
1.2.7 B. Power and Functions of Elected Officials
Article VII, Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests executive power on the President of the
Philippines. The President is the Head of State and Head of Government, and functions as the commander-
in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As chief executive, the President exercises control over all
the executive departments, bureaus, and offices.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

The President of the Philippines is elected by direct vote by the people for a term of six years. He may only
serve for one term, and is ineligible for re-election. The term of the President of the Philippines starts at
noon of the 30th day of June after the election.
QUALIFICATIONS
The qualifications for an individual aspiring to become the President of the Philippines are outlined
in Article VII, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution. According to the constitution, an individual may become
President provided he meets the following criteria:
1. natural born Filipino;
2. a registered voter;
3. must be able to read and write;
4. 40 years of age at the day of the election; and
5. must have resided in the Philippines ten years before the election is held.
POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

Besides the constitution, the powers of the President of the Philippines are specifically outlined
in Executive Order No. 292, s. 1987, otherwise known as the Administrative Code of 1987. The following
powers are:
1. Power of control over the executive branch
2. Power ordinance power
The President of the Philippines has the power to give executive issuances, which are means to streamline
the policy and programs of an administration. There are six issuances that the President may issue. They
are the following as defined in the Administrative Code of 1987.
3. Power over aliens
The President of the Philippines has certain powers over non-Filipinos in the Philippines. The powers he
may exercise over foreigners in the country are as follows:
 The chief executive may have an alien in the Philippines deported from the country after due
process.
 The President may change the status of a foreigner, as prescribed by law, from a non-immigrant
status to a permanent resident status without necessity of visa.
 The President may choose to overrule the Board of Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration
before their decision becomes final and executory (after 30 days of the issuance of the decision). The
Board of Commissioners of the Bureau of Immigration has jurisdiction over all deportation cases.
 The president is also mandated by the Administrative Code of 1987 to exercise powers as
recognized by the generally accepted principles of international law.
4. Powers of eminent domain, escheat, land reservation and recovery of ill-gotten wealth
The President of the Philippines has the authority to exercise the power of eminent domain. The power of
eminent domains means the state has the power to seize or authorize the seizure of private property for
public use with just compensation. There are two constitutional provisions, however, that limit the exercise
of such power: Article III, Section 9 (1) of the Constitution provides that no person shall be deprived of
his/her life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Furthermore, Article III, Section 9 (2), provides
that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
5. Power of appointment
The President may appoint officials of the Philippine government as provided by the constitution and laws
of the Philippines. Some of these appointments, however, may need the approval of the Committee on
Appointments (a committee composed of members from the House of Representatives and the Senate of
the Philippines).
6. Power of general supervision over local governments
The President of the Philippines, as chief executive, has the mandate to supervise local governments in the
Philippines, despite their autonomous status as provided by Republic Act No. 7160 otherwise known as
the Local Government Code of 1991.
Traditionally, this is done by the Department of the Interior and Local Government, headed by a cabinet
secretary—an alter ego of the President.
7. Other powers
Aside from the aforementioned powers of the President of the Philippines, he can also exercise powers
enumerated in the constitution, and powers given to him by law.
VICE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
The Vice President of the Philippines is elected by direct vote by the people for a term of six years, and may
run for re-election once. The term of the Vice President of the Philippines starts at noon of the 30th day of
June after a regular election is held
The qualifications for aspirants to the Office of the Vice President is outlined in Article VII, Section 3.
According to the constitution, the qualifications for the President is the same for the Vice President.
CABINET SECRETARIES
Cabinet secretaries act as the alter ego of the President executing, with his authority, the power of the
Office of the President in their respective departments.
The number of cabinet secretaries varies from time to time depending on the need of an administration.
According to the Administrative Code of 1987, the President of the Philippines may create or dissolve any
department as he sees fit.
POWERS OF A CABINET SECRETARY
As stated above, a cabinet secretary is the alter ego of the President in their respective departments. Thus,
they possess the power to issue directives relative to their departments, such as department orders. These
orders only apply to offices under a specific department under the cabinet secretary’s jurisdiction. Cabinet
secretaries also act as advisors to the President of the Philippines for their areas.
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
The executive branch extends beyond the national government. According to Article X, Section 4 of the
constitution, the President of the Philippines is mandated to supervise local governments all over the
country. However, because of Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of
1991, local governments enjoy relative autonomy from the national government.
Among the social services and facilities that local government should provide, as stipulated in Section 17 of
the Local Government Code, are the following:
 facilities and research services for agriculture and fishery activities, which include seedling
nurseries, demonstration farms, and irrigation systems;
 health services, which include access to primary health care, maternal and child care, and
medicines, medical supplies and equipment;
 social welfare services, which include programs and projects for women, children, elderly, and
persons with disabilities, as well as vagrants, beggars, street children, juvenile delinquents, and
victims of drug abuse;
 information services, which include job placement information systems and a public library;
 a solid waste disposal system or environmental management system;
 municipal/city/provincial buildings, cultural centers, public parks, playgrounds, and sports
facilities and equipment;
 infrastructure facilities such as roads, bridges, school buildings, health clinics, fish ports, water
supply systems, seawalls, dikes, drainage and sewerage, and traffic signals and road signs;
 public markets, slaughterhouses, and other local enterprises;
 public cemetery;
 tourism facilities and other tourist attractions; and
 sites for police and fire stations and substations and municipal jail.
Local government units also have the power to create its own sources of revenue and to levy taxes, fees,
and charges that shall accrue exclusively to them.
Each local government has its own chief executive. The following is the list of local chief executives:
1. barangay — punong barangay (barangay chairman)
2. municipality — municipal mayor
3. city — city mayor
4. province — provincial governor
The local chief executives have the power to approve or veto local ordinances recommended by the local
legislators.
Punong barangay
The punong barangay, as the chief executive of the barangay government, shall exercise and perform the
following powers and functions:
1. enforce all laws and ordinances which are applicable within the barangay;
2. negotiate, enter into, and sign contracts for and in behalf of the barangay, upon authorization of the
Sangguniang Barangay;
3. maintain public order in the barangay;
4. call and preside over the sessions of the Sangguniang Barangay and the Barangay Assembly;
5. appoint or replace the barangay treasurer, the barangay secretary, and other appointive barangay
officials;
6. organize and lead an emergency group for the maintenance of peace and order or on occasions of
emergency or calamity within the barangay;
7. prepare the annual executive and supplemental budgets of the barangay, in coordination with the
Barangay Development Council;
8. approve vouchers relating to the disbursement of barangay funds;
9. enforce laws and regulations relating to pollution control and protection of the environment;
10. administer the operation of the Katarungang Pambarangay;
11. exercise general supervision over the activities of the Sangguniang Kabataan;
12. ensure the delivery of basic social services and access to facilities;
13. conduct an annual palarong barangay which shall feature traditional sports and disciplines
included in national and international games; and
14. promote the general welfare of the barangay.
Municipal and city mayors
The municipal mayor and city mayor, as the chief executive of the municipal government and city
government, respectively, shall exercise and perform the following powers and functions:
1. Exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects, services, and activities of the
municipal or city government:
1. determine the guidelines of municipal policies and be responsible to the Sangguniang Bayan
or Panlungsod for the program of government;
2. direct the formulation of the municipal or city development plan;
3. at the opening of the regular session of the Sangguniang Bayan or Panlungsod, present the
program of government and propose policies and projects for consideration;
4. initiate and propose legislative measures to the Sangguniang Bayan or Panlungsod;
5. represent the municipality or city in all its business transactions and sign on its behalf all
bonds, contracts, and obligations, upon authorization by the Sangguniang Bayan;
6. carry out emergency measures as may be necessary during and in the aftermath of man-
made and natural disasters;
7. examine the books, records and other documents of all offices, officials, agents or employees
of the municipality or city;
8. visit component barangays of the municipality or city at least once every six months;
9. solemnize marriages, any provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding;
10. conduct a palarong bayan or panlungsod; and
11. submit to the provincial governor an annual report on the administration of the municipality
or city, and supplemental reports when unexpected events and situations such as calamities
arise.
2. Enforce all laws and ordinances, and implement all approved policies, programs, projects, services
and activities of the municipality or city:
1. issue executive orders as are necessary for the proper enforcement and execution of laws
and ordinances;
2. call conventions, seminars or meetings of any elective and appointive officials of the
municipality or city;
3. formulate and implement the peace and order plan of the municipality or city; and
4. call upon the appropriate law enforcement agencies to suppress disorder, riot, lawless
violence, rebellion or sedition or to apprehend violators of the law.
3. Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, to be used for the implementation
of development plans, program objectives and priorities:
1. prepare and submit to the Sangguniang Bayan or Panlungsod for approval the annual
executive and supplemental budgets of the municipality or city;
2. ensure that all taxes and other revenues of the municipality or city are collected;
3. issue, suspend or revoke licenses and permits;
4. adopt measures to safeguard and conserve land, mineral, marine, forest, and other resources
of the municipality or city;
5. provide efficient and effective property and supply management in the municipality or city;
and protect the funds, credits, rights and other properties of the municipality or city; and
6. institute or cause to be instituted administrative or judicial proceedings for violation of
ordinances in the collection of taxes, fees or charges, and for the recovery of funds and
property.
4. Ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities as provided for under
Section 17 of the Local Government Code.
Provincial governors
The provincial governor, as the chief executive of the provincial government, shall exercise and perform
the following powers and duties:
1. Exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects, services, and activities of the
provincial government.
2. Enforce all laws and ordinances, and implement all approved policies, programs, projects, services
and activities of the province.
3. Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, to be used for the implementation
of development plans, program objectives and priorities.
4. Ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities as provided for under
Section 17 of the Local Government Code.
TERM LIMITS
The offices of the above mentioned local chief executives are limited to three consecutive three-year terms.
Once they end their third term, they may not run for re-election, but may run again once they let one term
pass.
1.2.7 C. Election Process in the Philippines
An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or

multiple individuals to hold public office. To elect means "to select or make a decision", and so sometimes
other forms of ballot such as referendums are referred to as elections. Each voter is entitled to one vote
each for the duration of the election. The voter may split his or her ticket. The candidate with the most
votes wins the position; there is no run-off election, and the president and vice president may come from
different parties.
Presidential elections are held every six years. The last one was in 2010. The next one is in 2016. Congress,
Senate and local elections are held in the years of presidential elections and three years before and after
them. During the 2010 election around 50 million voters chose a president and 18,000 national and local
officials.
Voter participation is typically around 70 percent to 85 percent. There were 43 million eligible voters in
2004; 36.1 million in 2001; and 34 million in 1998. Overseas Filipinos were allowed to vote in presidential
elections for the first time in 2004. Voting rates are high in national elections despite obstacles such as
difficult transportation, the need to write out the names of all candidates in longhand, and, occasionally,
the threat of violence. Filipinos enjoy and expect elections so much that even Ferdinand Marcos dared not
completely deny them this outlet. Instead, he changed the rules to rig the elections in his favor.
The voting age is 18 in the Philippines. Voters typically have to endure long lines, rain and heat. Once
inside the polling station they look for their name and number on registration lists, obtain a ballot from a
poll worker and write by hand the names of the 20 or so candidates they are voting for in different offices.
Voting forms are sometime called the world's longest and people routinely wait 45 minutes in line for their
turn. Voters are stamped with indelible ink to keep them from voting twice.
Philippine elections are characterized by lots of candidates and lots of positions. There were 17,000 electoral
positions in the 1998 election. More than 800,000 candidates vied for chairmanships and other posts in
urban and rural villages, locally called barangays— the Philippines’ smallest political units—in 2013.
Voters are required to write the name of their preferred candidates. They can write their first names, last
names or their nicknames. This one reason why candidates promote short nicknames like "Cory" Aquino or
"Erap" Estrada.
Often weeks pass before the official election results are officials. Counting takes so long because much of it
is done by hand. It took five weeks before Ramos was declared the winner of the presidential election in
1992. It took six weeks before Arroyo was declared the winner in 2004.
There were 215,000 voting precincts in 2004, compared to 175,000 in 1998. Most are run by public school
teachers Elections are run by the Commissions of Elections (Comelec) and monitored by the watchdog
group National Citizens Movement for Free Elections (Namfrel).
1.2.7 B. Electoral System in the Philippines
The Philippines has universal direct suffrage at age 18 and older to elect the president, vice president (who
runs independently), and most of the seats in the bicameral legislature, consisting of the House of
Representatives and the Senate; a minority of House members known as sectoral representatives are
appointed by the president. Elections are held not just for national leadership but also for representation at
the provincial and local levels. In the last elections in May 2004, some 74 percent of eligible voters
participated, but the process was marred by violence and numerous irregularities, which the political
opposition continues to protest, even calling for the president’s impeachment.
Elections in the Philippines are the arena in which the country's elite families compete for political power.
The wealthiest clans contest national and provincial offices. Families of lesser wealth compete for
municipal offices. In the barangays, where most people are equally poor, election confers social prestige but
no real power or money.
The constitution also empowers the commission to "accredit citizens' arms of the Commission on
Elections." This refers to the National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL), a private group
established in the 1950s, with advice and assistance from the United States, to keep elections honest.
NAMFREL recruited public-spirited citizens (320,000 volunteers in 104,000 precincts in the 1987
congressional elections) to watch the voting and monitor ballot-counting, and it prepared a "quick count,"
based mostly on urban returns, to publicize the results immediately. Because the Commission on Elections
can take weeks or even months to certify official returns, the National Movement for Free Elections makes
it harder for unscrupulous politicians to distort the results. NAMFREL itself has sometimes been
denounced by election losers as being a tool of United States intervention and has not always been
impartial. In 1986 it favored Aquino, and its chairman, Jose Concepcion, was subsequently named Aquino's
minister of trade and industry.
The 1987 constitution establishes a new system of elections. The terms of representatives are reduced from
four years to three, and the presidential term is lengthened from four years to six. Senators also serve a six-
year term. The Constitution's transitory provisions are scheduled to expire in 1992, after which there is to
be a three-year election cycle. Suffrage is universal at age eighteen. The constitution established a
Commission on Elections that is empowered to supervise every aspect of campaigns and elections. It is
composed of a chairperson and six commissioners, who cannot have been candidates for any position in
the immediately preceding elections. A majority of the commissioners must be lawyers, and all must be
college-educated. They are appointed by the president with the consent of the Commission on
Appointments and serve a single seven-year term. The Commission on Elections enforces and administers
all election laws and regulations and has original jurisdiction over all legal disputes arising from disputed
results. To counter the unwholesome influence occasionally exercised by soldiers and other armed groups,
the commission may depute law enforcement agencies, including the Armed Forces of the Philippines. In
dire situations, the commission can take entire municipalities and provinces under its control, or order new
elections.
The final decision on all legislative elections rests with the electoral tribunals of the Senate and House of
Representatives. Each electoral tribunal is composed of nine members, three of whom are members of the
Supreme Court designated by the chief justice. The remaining six are members of the Senate or the House,
chosen on the basis of proportional representation from parties in the chamber.
Role of Citizens to Make Their Votes Count
One of the most critical ways that individuals can influence governmental decision-making is through
voting. Voting is a formal expression of preference for a candidate for office or for a proposed resolution of
an issue. Voting generally takes place in the context of a large-scale national or regional election, however,
local and small-scale community elections can be just as critical to individual participation in government.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted unanimously by the United Nations General
Assembly in 1948, recognizes the integral role that transparent and open elections play in ensuring the
fundamental right to participatory government. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Article 21
states: Everyone
has the right to take part in the government of his/her country, directly or through freely chosen
representatives.
Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in
periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by
secret ballot or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Assessment
Essay
a. Discuss the history and the legal bases of NSTP.

b. Explain the importance of Preamble, and Bill of Rights of Philippine Constitution.
c. State further about your understanding of the universal declaration of United Nations
Principles on Human Rights.
d. How can you prove that you are applying the Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines?
e. As an NSTP student how can you prove that you are exercising good citizenship to help the
environment?
f. What is Voters Citizenship Education and why is it important?
References:
National Service Training Program, Phase 1, Student’s Guide, Values Development for the Youth, Florida
C. Labuguen, et. al.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/philippine-bill-of-rights/
81D6FFC0C471B80C9FA8AD516160BA5A
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/about/gov/exec/
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/edumat/studyguides/votingrights.html
http://malacanang.gov.ph/74669-elections-of-1935/

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1 | SOCIAL PREPARATION (COMMON MODULE)

and six learning packets are intended for engine

As mandated by law, National Service Training Program (NSTP) an educational

Learning Packet Page 2 of 20

MODULE 1: CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

1.0 Intended Learning Outcomes

a. Discuss the history and the legal bases of NSTP.

1.2 Topics/Discussion (with assessment/practice activity)

1.2.1 Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP

1.2.2 Philippine Constitution; Preamble and Bill of Rights

1.2.4 United Nations Principles of Human Rights

1.2.5 Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippine

Learning Packet Page 6 of 20

The following are prohibited with respect to the flag:

1.2.6 Good Citizenship Values

A. THE GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUE OF LOVE

Learning Packet Page 10 of 20

D.THE GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUE OF TRUTH

1.2.7 Voter’s Citizenship Education

1.2.7 A. History of Philippine Elections

THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT

Learning Packet Page 13 of 20

1.2.7 C. Election Process in the Philippines

An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or

1.2.7 B. Electoral System in the Philippines

Learning Packet Page 17 of 20

Role of Citizens to Make Their Votes Count

Learning Packet Page 18 of 20

a. Discuss the history and the legal bases of NSTP.

Learning Packet Page 19 of 20

Learning Packet Page 20 of 20

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