Artificial Intelligence

What is AI?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially
computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for
using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-
correction. Particular applications of AI include expert systems, speech recognition and machine
vision.

Or

In computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence,

is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans.
Leading AI textbooks define the field as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its
environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals. [1] Colloquially,
the term "artificial intelligence" is often used to describe machines (or computers) that mimic "cognitive"
functions that humans associate with the human mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving".[2]

What are the types of AI?

Types of artificial intelligence

Arend Hintze, an assistant professor of integrative biology and computer science and
engineering at Michigan State University, categorizes AI into four types, from the kind of AI
systems that exist today to sentient systems, which do not yet exist. His categories are as
follows:

 Type 1: Reactive machines. An example is Deep Blue, the IBM chess program that beat
Garry Kasparov in the 1990s. Deep Blue can identify pieces on the chess board and make
predictions, but it has no memory and cannot use past experiences to inform future ones. It
analyzes possible moves -- its own and its opponent -- and chooses the most strategic move.
Deep Blue and Google's AlphaGO were designed for narrow purposes and cannot easily be
applied to another situation.
 Type 2: Limited memory. These AI systems can use past experiences to inform future
decisions. Some of the decision-making functions in self-driving cars are designed this way.
Observations inform actions happening in the not-so-distant future, such as a car changing
lanes. These observations are not stored permanently.
 Type 3: Theory of mind. This psychology term refers to the understanding that others have
their own beliefs, desires and intentions that impact the decisions they make. This kind of AI
does not yet exist.
 Type 4: Self-awareness. In this category, AI systems have a sense of self, have
consciousness. Machines with self-awareness understand their current state and can use the
information to infer what others are feeling. This type of AI does not yet exist .
MCQ’s of Artificial Intelligence
1. State space is…

a) Representing your problem with variable and parameter

b) Problem you design
c) Your Definition to a problem
d) the whole problem

Answer - A

2. What is a Web Crawler?

a) Simple reflex agent

b) Model-based agent
c) Problem-solving agent
d) Intelligent goal-based agent

Answer - A

3. Informed search strategy also called…

a) Simple search
b) Online search
c) Heuristic search
d) None of these

Answer - C

4. Zero sum game has player…

a) seven
b) Two
c) three player
d) Multiplayer

Answer - D

5. An agent is composed of…

a) Architecture and Program

b) Perception Sequence
c) Agent Function
d) Architecture

Answer – A
6. Values of alpha-beta search get updated…

a) At the end
b) along the path of search
c) Initial state itself
d) None of the mentioned

Answer -B

7. Calculate the feasibility of whole game tree used…

a) Evaluation function
b) Alpha-beta pruning
c) Transposition
d) All of these

Answer - A

8. Which of the following is also called First order Logic?

a) Lower Order Calculus

b) First Order Predicate Calculus
c) Quantification Theory
d) All of these

Answer -:D

9. Single propositional symbol created by…

a) Composition sentences
b) Atomic sentences
c) Complex sentences
d) None of these

Answer -B

10. Which one is used for compute the logical inference algorithm?

a) Validity
b) Satisfiability
c) Logical equivalence
d) All of these

Answer – D
11. Single inference rule also called…

a) Resolution
b) Reference
c) Reference
d) None of these

Answer -A

12. Factoring means…

a) Removal of redundant literal

b) Removal of redundant variable
c) Addition of redundant variable
d) Addition of redundant literal

Answer - B

1: Whose introduced lisp…

a) Marvin Minsky
b) John McCarthy
c) Alan Turing
d) Allen Newell and Herbert Simon

Answer - B

2: Artificial intelligence is…

a) Making a Machine intelligent

b) Playing a Game
c) Putting your intelligence into Computer
d) Programming with your own intelligence

Answer -C

3: Which search method takes less memory in mention below…

a) optimal Search
b) linear search
c) Depth-First search
d) Breadth-First Search
Answer –D

4: Which of the following improved the performance of an agent…

a) observing
b) learning
c) Perceiving
d) none of these

Answer -B

5: Which selected External actions of the agent in these options…

a) learning
b) Actuator
c) Perceive
d) performance

Answer -D

6: Artificial Intelligence approaches..

a) weak Artificial Intelligence

b) applied Artificial Intelligence
c) strong Artificial Intelligence
d) All of these

Answer - D

7: Which of the following are the example of the intelligent agents…

a) robot
b) human
c) Autonomous Spacecraft
d) All of these

Answer -D

8: Which is true for describing the judgmental or commonsense part of problem solving
in artificial intelligence…

a) Critical
b) Heuristic Critical
c) Analytical
d) Value based

Answer – B
9: Which of the following is subfields of Natural language processing…

a) algorithmic and heuristic

b) understanding and generation
c) symbolic and numeric
d) time and motion

Answer -A

10: Which method is used for communication between human…

a) speaking
b) writing
c) reading
d) none of these

Answer -A

11: Which of the following is true about mouse device is…

a) mechanical electro-chemical
b) electro-chemical
c) optical
d) mechanical and optical

Answer -D

12: The types of agents in artificial intelligence is…

a) 3
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1

Answer - B