CLEORG The PCG is an armed and uniformed service primarily tasked
WEEK 13 with enforcing all applicable laws within the Philippine waters,
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOTr)
In the Philippines, the Department of Transportation (DOTr)
primarily focuses on policy development, regulatory oversight,
and infrastructure development in the transportation sector.
While DOTr agencies such as the Land Transportation
Office(LTO), Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory
Board (LTFRB), Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA), and
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) have roles in
regulating and promoting safety in their respective domains,
the actual law enforcement concerning transportation, including
traffic enforcement and ensuring compliance with
transportation-related laws, is typically carried out by other law
enforcement agencies such as the Philippine National Police
(PNP), the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
(MMDA), and local government traffic enforcers.
The Department of Transportation (DOTr) is the primary
policy, planning, programming, coordinating, implementing and
administrative entity of the executive branch of the government
on the promotion, development and regulation of a dependable
and coordinated network of transportation and communications
systems, as well as in the fast, safe, efficient
and reliable transportation and communications
services. DOTr was responsible in the
implementation of the relevant laws in Aviation,
Maritime, Railways and Road sectors.
Different Law Enforcement Unit under DOTr;
1. Office for Transportation Security (OTS)
2. Maritime industry authority (MARINA)
3. Land Transportation Office (LTO)
4. Philippine Coast Guard
OFFICE FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY (OTS)
The Office for Transportation Security (OTS) is the single
authority responsible for the security of the transportation
systems of the country, including, but not limited to, the
following: Civil Aviation, Sea Transport and Maritime
Infrastructure, Land Transportation, Rail System and
Infrastructure. It was created by virtue of Executive Order
No.277. In response to the international mandate (i.e. ICAO
and IMO guidelines) calling for a single authority for all modes
of transportation security in the Philippines, E.O. 311 was
issued on April 26, 2004.
MARITIME INDUSTRY AUTHORITY (MARINA)
The MARINA oversees the promotion and development of the
maritime industry, and also provides effective regulation of
shipping enterprises. Since its establishment in June 1994,
MARINA was granted the authority to issue Certificates of
Public Convenience (CPC), permitting the operation of
domestic and overseas water carriers. Other functions of the
agency include the registration of vessels, the issuance of
licenses, the addressing of safety concerns pertaining to vessel
construction, and the enforcement of maritime law.
LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
The LTO promotes the safety and comfort of the traveling
public with respect to motor vehicles. The LTO is also tasked
with collecting various fees from the registration of motor
vehicles, the issuance of licenses to qualified motor vehicle
drivers, the collection of fines and penalties for motor vehicle
related infractions, and the issuance of motor vehicle license
plates.
PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD
conducting maritime security operations, safeguarding of life
and property at sea and protecting the marine environment and
resources.
WEEK 14-15
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ)
The Department of Justice (DOJ) in the Philippines stands as
a cornerstone of the nation's legal and law enforcement
framework, with a diverse array of responsibilities that
encompass the prosecution of criminal, civil, and administrative
cases, oversight of government prosecuting and legal officers,
provision of crucial legal advisory services to public institutions,
administration of correctional services through the Bureau of
Corrections, and the protection of witnesses involved in high-
profile cases. Beyond these roles, the DOJ actively contributes
to policy development, legislative initiatives, and international
cooperation efforts, all while addressing critical human rights
concerns, advancing criminal justice reforms, and promoting
the rule of law in the country. As a vital institution in the
Philippines, the DOJ plays a pivotal role in
safeguarding the rights of its citizens,
upholding the principles of justice, and
combating corruption within the public sector,
collectively shaping the legal landscape and
law enforcement endeavors in the nation.
Vision
A just and peaceful society anchored on the principles of
transparency, accountability, fairness and truth.
Mission
Effective, efficient and equitable administration of justice.
Mandate
The Department of Justice (DOJ) derives its mandate primarily
from the Administrative Code of 1987 (Executive Order No.
292). It carries out this mandate through the Department
Proper and the Department's attached agencies under the
direct control and supervision of the Secretary of Justice.
Under Executive Order (EO) 292, the DOJ is the government's
principal law agency. As such, the DOJ serves as the
government's prosecution arm and administers the
government's criminal justice system by investigating crimes,
prosecuting offenders and overseeing the correctional system.
The DOJ, through its offices and constituent/attached
agencies, is also the government's legal counsel and
representative in litigations and proceedings requiring the
services of a lawyer; implements the Philippines' laws on the
admission and stay of aliens within its territory; and provides
free legal services to indigent and other qualified citizens.
Functions
1. Administration of the Criminal Justice System
The DOJ investigates the commission of crimes and
prosecutes offenders through the National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI) and the National Prosecution Service
(NPS), respectively. Likewise, the DOJ administers the
probation and correction system of the country through the
Bureau of Corrections (BuCor), the Board of Pardons and
Parole (BPP)and the Parole and Probation Administration
(PPA).
2. Legal Counsel of Government
The DOJ, through the Office of the Solicitor General
(OSG) and the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel
(OGCC), acts as the legal representative of the Government of
the Philippines, its agencies and instrumentalities including
government owned and controlled corporations and their
subsidiaries, officials and agents in any proceeding,
investigation or matter requiring the services of a lawyer.
EO 292 specifically designates the Secretary as Attorney-
General and ex-officio legal adviser of government-owned or
controlled corporations (GOCC) and their subsidiaries. The
Secretary exercises administrative adjudicatory powers over all
controversies between/among government agencies, including
government owned and controlled corporations including their
subsidiaries. This power of adjudication of the Secretary
originally stemmed from Presidential Decree No. 242, and is
now embodied in Sections 66 to 71, Chapter 14, Book IV of
E.O. 292.
The Secretary is likewise empowered to act on all queries
and/or requests for legal advice and guidance from private
parties and other officials and employees of the government.
3. Regulation of Immigration
The DOJ provides immigration and naturalization
regulatory services and implements the laws governing
citizenship and the admission and stay of aliens through the
Bureau of Immigration (BI). Also, under Administrative Order
No. 142 dated August 23, 1994, the Secretary or his duly-
authorized representative is authorized to act on immigration
matters, including waiver of visas and admission of aliens,
except deportation matters.
Likewise, the DOJ, through the DOJ Refugee Processing Unit
(DOJ-RPU), processes applications for refugee status of
persons pursuant to the obligations of the Philippines as
signatory to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to
the Status of Refugees.
4. International Cooperation
The DOJ is the central authority of the Republic of the
Philippines relative to extradition and mutual legal assistance
treaties (MLAT) on criminal matters and is involved in several
aspects of international cooperation such as the drafting and
implementation of legislation and agreements as well as the
negotiation of extradition and MLAT. Moreover, under
Philippine Extradition Law (P.D. 1069), the DOJ handles
requests for extradition and/or mutual legal assistance and
represents treaty partners in Philippine courts.
The Department is also involved in the negotiation of
various investment and trade agreements with other foreign
countries. The Secretary is also the ex-officio Co-Vice
Chairman of the Commission on Maritime and Ocean Affairs
(CMOA) pursuant to EO 612 and EO 612-A (2007), which is
involved in the identification of the Philippine baselines and in
the preparation of the submission to the United Nations of the
country's claim for extended continental shelf.
5. Provision of Free Legal Assistance
The DOJ provides free legal assistance/representation to
indigents and poor litigants as well as other qualified persons in
criminal, civil, and labor cases, administrative and other quasi-
judicial proceedings and non-commercial disputes through the
Public Attorney's Office (PAO)pursuant to RA No. 9406.
6. Alternative Dispute Resolution
With regard to conciliation and mediation, the
Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004 (RA 9285) created
the Office for Alternative Dispute Resolution (OADR), which is
an agency attached to the DOJ and which is tasked to
promote, develop and expand the use of alternative dispute
resolution in civil and commercial disputes.
7. DOJ functions under other laws and other
executive issuances:
In addition to performing its mandate under E.O. 292,
the Department is significantly involved in the implementation
of the following penal, national security, and social welfare
laws:
 The Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act
(R.A. 6981), which mandates the DOJ to formulate
and implement a Witness Protection, Security and
Benefit Program for the admission and protection of
witnesses;
 Implementation of the Victims Compensation Program
through the Board of Claims created under the DOJ
(RA 7309);
 Administrative Order No. 99 (1988), designated DOJ
as lead implementor of Justice System Infrastructure
Program (JUSIP) that was tasked to
construct/rehabilitate decent office buildings for
judges, prosecutors, public attorneys, probation
officers, and registers of deeds;
 Executive Order 180 (1987), which created the Public
Sector Labor Management Council, of which the
Secretary is a member, to provide guidelines for the
exercise of the right of government employees to
organize;
 The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
(RA 9165), which created the Dangerous Drugs Board
to see to policy-making and strategy-formulation on
drug prevention and control and designated the
Secretary or his representative as ex-officio member
of such Board;
 The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001 (R.A. 9160),
which created the Anti-Money Laundering Council
(AMLC) to which the DOJ is a support agency through
the investigation of money laundering offenses and
the prosecution of offenders. With the DOJ Anti-
Money Laundering Desk (DOJ-AMLD), the DOJ works
in close coordination with the AMLC in its task of
combating money laundering and financing of
terrorism;
 The Human Security Act of 2007 (RA 9372) which
created and designated the Secretary as ex-officio
member thereof. Relative to this and under EO 292,
the Secretary is also an ex-officio member of the
National Security Council (NSC), which advises the
President with respect to the integration of domestic,
foreign, military, political, economic, social, and
educational policies relating to national security;
 The Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of
1998 (RA 8505), which mandated the DOJ to
participate in inter-agency efforts to establish Rape
Crisis Centers in every city or province for the
purpose of rendering assistance to rape victims;
 The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 (R.A.
9208), which mandates the prosecution of persons
accused of human trafficking and for that purpose,
created the Inter-Agency Council on Trafficking
(IACAT), of which the Secretary is Chairman;
 The Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children
Act of 2004 (RA 9262), which designated the
Department as a member agency of the Inter-Agency
Council on Violence Against Women and their
Children (IACVAWC), the monitoring body of
government initiatives to counter violence against
women and children;
 Executive Order 53 (2011) amending EO No. 275
pursuant to the Special Protection of Children Against
Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act (RA
7610), designating the DOJ Secretary as the
Chairperson of the Committee for the Special
Protection of Children;
 Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 (IRR of RA),
designating the Secretary of Justice as member of
 Inter-Agency Council Against Child Pornography that
is tasked to coordinate, monitor and oversee the
implementation of Anti-Child Pornography Act;
 Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (RA 10175), the
Office of Cybercrime within the DOJ designated as
the central authority in all matters related to
international mutual assistance and extradition;
 Executive Order 45 (2011), which designated the
DOJ as competition authority that investigates all
cases involving violations of competition laws and
prosecute violators to prevent, restrain and punish
monopolization, cartels and combinations in restraint
of trade;
 Administrative Order 35 (2012), which designated the
Secretary of Justice as Chairperson of the Inter-
Agency Committee on Extra-Legal Killings, Enforced
Disappearances, Torture and Other Grave Violations
on the Right to Life, Liberty and Security of Persons,
the body that undertakes inventory of cases
mentioned perpetrated by state and non-state forces;
 Memorandum Circular No. 68 (2014), creating an
Inter-Agency Task Force to Strengthen the
Implementation of RA 8049 otherwise known as the
Anti-Hazing Law, with the DOJ Secretary as
Chairperson.
 Other tasks falling within the multifarious duties of the
executive branch to administer the laws devolve upon
the Department through the Secretary, to wit:
 The Anti-Dummy Law (Commonwealth No. 108), as
amended by Presidential Decree 715, whereby the
Secretary is empowered to authorize the employment
of aliens as technical personnel in the management of
a franchise, business or enterprise expressly reserved
by law to Filipino citizens or corporations or
associations whose equity at least 60% of which is
owned by Filipinos;
 The Local Government Code (Section 187 of RA
7160) which vests in the Secretary appellate
jurisdiction over the constitutionality or legality of
municipal tax ordinances and revenue; measures;
 Executive Order 643 (2007) which vests the DOJ with
administrative supervision over the Presidential
Commission on Good Government (PCGG).
 The Secretary is also an ex-officio member of the
Judicial and Bar Council (JBC) [Section 8(1), Article
VIII of the 1987 Constitution], the Committee on
Privatization [AO 48 (1987)], and the National Water
Resources Board (NWRB) (EO 123, series of 2002).
He is also an ex-officio director of the Power Sector
Assets and Liabilities Management
(PSALM)Corporation (RA 9136, otherwise known as
Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001). Under
EO 648, series of 1981, an undersecretary of the DOJ
is designated as an ex-officio Commissioner of the
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB).
The DOJ pursues its mandate through its agencies. These are
the following:
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
The Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) is charged
with custody and rehabilitation of national
offenders, that is, those sentenced to serve a
term of imprisonment of more than three (3)
years.
BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION
In accordance with the Revised Administrative
Code of 1987, the Commission on Immigration
and Deportation was renamed BUREAU OF
IMMIGRATION as it is more properly called today. Under this
code the Bureau is composed of three (3) structural units
namely: the Office of the Commissioner, the Board of
Commissioners, and the Board of Special Inquiry. These
groups act as collegial bodies and exercises quasi-judicial
powers affecting the entry and stay of foreign nationals in the
country.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
The main objective of the National Bureau of
Investigation is the establishment and
maintenance of a modern, effective and
efficient investigative service and research
agency for the purpose of implementing fully
principal functions provided under Republic Act
No. 157, as amended.
PAROLE AND PROBATION
ADMINISTRATION
The Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
provides a less costly alternative to
imprisonment of offenders who are likely to
respond to individualized community based
treatment programs.
PUBLIC ATTORNEY'S OFFICE
The Public Attorney's Office exists to provide
the indigent litigants, the oppressed,
marginalized and underprivileged members of
the society free access to courts, judicial and
quasi-judicial agencies, by rendering legal
services, counseling and assistance in consonance with the
Constitutional mandate that free access to courts shall not be
denied to any person by reason of poverty in order to ensure
the rule of law, truth and social justice as components of the
country's sustainable development.
WEEK 16-17
LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
It involves the management of human resources to optimize
organizational performance through proper staffing and
resourcing, training and development and the establishing of a
cohesive and productive workforce. One of the resource to be
utilized by management is the human element. It is one of the
most important assets to be used in any organizational
environment; hence necessarily emphasized here.
Personnel Management - It is the function of management
concerned with promoting and enhancing the development of
work effectiveness and advancement of the rank and file of the
police organization through proper Planning, Organizing,
Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, and Budgeting to
achieve the organizational objectives of the police.
Objectives of Personnel Management
 To assist top and line management achieves the
organization's objective ;
 To acquire capable people and provide them with
opportunities for advancement;
 To assist top management in formulating policies and
programs ;
 To provide technical services and assistance to the
operating management ;
 To assist management in training and developing
human resources of the organization;
 To see that all police members are treated equally ;
and
 To help effect organization development and
institution building effort.
Operative Functions of Personnel
1. Planning
2. Recruitment
3. Selections (screening)
4. Placement
5. Training and Development
6. Appraisal or Performance Rating
7. Compensation
8. Morale and Welfare
9. Discipline, Law and Order

Difference between Management and Administration

 Management relates to conducting, controlling and
taking charge of the course of action. The word
"management" comes from the word "manes" which
means "to control by hand". It is a middle level
activity.
 Administration relates to managing of different
things. The word "administration" comes from word
"minor" and "ministrare" which means " to serve" and
" to govern" accordingly. It is a top level activity,
above the management. It deals with executive and
strategic work. Thus, it must incorporate both
leadership and vision.

Foundations of Organization and Management

1. Classical Approach
 Scientific Management – Frederick Taylor, 1856-1915
 Bureaucratic Management – Max Weber 1864-1920
 Administrative Management-
o Industrial and General
Management- Henry Fayol 1841-
1945
o Science of Administration- Gulick
and Urwick –POSDCORB
2. Human Relations Approach
 Elton Mayo (Hawthorne Study)
3. Behavioural Science Approach
 Abraham Maslow (Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
Theory)
 D. Mcgregor (McGregor’s Theory X and Y)
4. Contemporary Approach
 System theory
 Contingency Theory
 Theory Z and Quality Management