chemical

Bonding

1
mmmm! Infant
USE PR Theory

Hybridisation
MOT

2- 2 Qts
 Types of Bonds

Ionic
Dative
Covalent
between + ve
Electron pain
and -
ve ions used
for sharing
Equal sharing donated by 2

of Ip of electron atom
only .

Lattice
Energy Energy required to completely
separate 2 mole of solid ionic
compound into ions
gaseous .

high lattice
Higher charge
:

energy
L E
-
2 charge
radius

Rule
Fagan 's
% covalent character higher if
°
.
-

s .
size of cation smalt / anion large
2 cation 4 anion higher
charge on
.
 formal Charge .

(
ELY dotation ) Cotman:iiF
Fc
)
-

- " -

electrons
-

{ ( Total
electrons
of No . shared

)
2 .

6 { ( G)
ti
" FC 02 = 2 -
=

t
-

:O :
3
Fc Oz G I (4)
z = -
y - = O

FC
{ (2)
6 G l
Oz
-

= - - =

Dipole Moment ( H )
• H =
q X d
q
:
magnitude
Distance
of 2charge
atoms
id :
btw
unit 2
debye ( D)
:

I D= to-18 esu cm

vector
•
quantity
• Predicts whether polar or non
polar
• Zero
for symmetrical I planar species
• Cal .
% ionic character =observed# x too
calculated a
 Valence Shell Electron Pain Repulsion
Theory (VSE PR)
Gives
information of shape molecules
•
of
•
Arrangement of electrons to reduce repulsion .

lone pair -

lonepair > lonepair -

bond
3
bond pair -

pair bond pair

 Hybridisation
Orbitals hybridise
•
nearly energy
same

• No .

of hybrid orbitals formed =

No
mined
.

of orbitals
.

•
Hybridized orbitals have identical shape
and
energy .

.
Different orientation in space .

Head
overlapping o bond
=
• on

Hybridisation suffering { (G )
= + -
v ta

G : valence electrons on central atom

valency
y :

anion
charge
ra : on

cation
c
charge
:
on
IMPORTANT
 Molecular Orbital Theory
• molecular configuration upto me
-

o 152 oxt 152 6252 0*252 ( A 2pm A2py )

, o2pz
A*2py )
* A
( a- 2pm 2ps

Two
types of orbitals -

molecular
configuration above Me :
-

0152 0*15
*
52520*252 o2pz ( A-
2pm ,
A-
Zpy) ( n'*
2pm
spy)
A- of 2ps

• Molecules
levels
arranged in
increasing order
of
energy .

Bond order Bond 1

L
strength 2

Bond
length
 Bond order
Iz ( Bonding Antibonding)
-
=

electrons electrons

Hydrogen Bonding
•
Bonding
element
between H and
highly electro -
ve

Mpt Bpt solubility increases

- -

• .
Previous Yrs Imm