User Guide

1. Introduction The matrix form of the single-qubit gates with

angles can be written as,
Here, we provide the instructions, which need to
be followed by the users before applying the gate 
cos 2θ −i sin 2θ

operations and running quantum circuit. Any RX(θ) =
−i sin 2θ cos 2θ
user can run quantum circuits up to a 100-qubit
cos 2θ − sin 2θ
 
system. RY (θ) =
sin 2θ cos 2θ
2. Operations
 
1 0
RZ(θ) =
Here, we can use the following gates, single- 0 eiθ
 
qubit; Hadamard (H), Not (X), Y, Z, rota- 1 0
P (ϕ) =
tional gates (RX, RY, RZ), phase (P), two-qubit; 0 eiϕ
controlled-Not (CX), controlled-U (CU), and cos 2θ −eiλ sin 2θ
 
three-qubit; controlled-controlled-Not (CCX) U (θ, ϕ, λ) = (2)
eiϕ sin 2θ ei(ϕ+λ) cos 2θ
gates. The single-qubit gates without any an-
gles can be given as, Two-qubit operations are;
 
  1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 0
H = √ CX = 
1 −1

2 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
 
0 1
X =
1 0
 
1 0 0 0

0 −i
 0 1 0 0 
Y = CU (θ, ϕ, λ, γ) =  
i 0 0 0 e cos 2θ
iγ −ei(γ+λ) sin 2θ 

1 0
 0 0 e i(γ+ϕ) sin 2θ ei(γ+ϕ+λ) cos 2θ
Z = (3)
0 −1
(1)

1
 User Documentation

Three-qubit operation is given by;
 
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
 
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
CCX =   (4)
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
3. How to apply the operations
• For the operations having single qubit
index and no angle, {H, X, Y, Z}; e.g.,
H{i}, X{i}, Y {i}, Z{i}, where i is the in-
dex of qubit, and it can take values from
0, 1, ..n − 1, while n being the number of
qubits.
• The operations having single qubit in-
dex and with angle, {RX, RY, RZ, P, U };
RX(θ){i}, RY (θ){i}, RZ(θ){i}, P (θ){i}, U (θ){i},
where θ can take values from +/− 0 to
999999, and i is the index of qubits. Any
angle in radian needs to be converted, e.g.,
an angle of π can be converted to 3.141,
and this value can be put in the angle
parameter.
• For two-qubit operations {CX, CU } with
no angle, CX{i, j} and with angle,
CU (θ, ϕ, λ, γ){i, j}, where θ, ϕ, λ, γ are the
angles, and take the same range as given
above. Here, i, j are the qubit indices,
th
where i qubit is the control qubit and j
single spaces in between the operations, and
no spaces before and after the string. If
there are errors while inputting the gates,
the user will be asked to put them cor-
rectly. While putting the qubit indices for
two-qubit and three-qubit gates, users must
note that there should not be any repeat of
qubit indices, e.g., CX{0, 0} is not accept-
able.
• Then the user needs to enter the number of
shots, i.e., the number of times the quantum
circuit will be measured. The minimum and
maximum range of shots are 1 and 8192 re-
spectively. The users are adviced to put the
maximum number of shots for lesser statis-
tical error in the results.
• Then the users need to enter the qubits
where the measurement would be per-
formed. It is to be noted that the qubit
indices have to be lesser than the number
of qubits (n), and the length of the string
has to be lesser than n. Like the previous
case, here also the user needs to put sin-
gle spaces in between the qubit indices, and
there should not be any repeat of the qubit
indices. Some examples for a 3-qubit circuit
can be seen as;
◦ ‘0 1 2’
◦ ‘0 1’
◦ ‘1 2’
A string like ‘0 1 0’ or ‘0 1 2 3’ or ‘0 1 3’ is
not acceptable.
th

qubit is the target qubit.

• For three-qubit gates, CCX{i, j, k}, where
i, j, k are the qubit indices. Here, both i
and j are the control qubits’ indices and k
is the target qubit index.

4. How to run a quantum cir-

cuit?
• The user first needs to enter the number of
qubits, it can range any number from 1 to
100.
• Then the users will be asked to apply the
operations. Here, we attach some suitable
examples for a 3-qubit system,
◦ ‘H{1} X{0} Y {0} Z{0} CCX{0, 1, 2}’
◦ ‘CU (0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1){0, 1} RZ(0.1){0}’
◦ ‘U (0.1, 0.1, 0.1){0} P (0.1){1} CX{0, 1}’
The users must note that there should be