IB Mathematics AA HL Questionbank - Trigonometric Functions

IB MATHEMATICS AA HL - QUESTIONBANK
Trigonometric Functions
Circular Functions, The Unit Circle, Trig Ratios, Trig Identities, Solving Trig Equations, Trig
Graphs…
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Question 1
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let f (x) = a cos bx + d, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.
Part of the graph of f is shown on the diagram below.
(a) Find the value of a. [2]
(b) (i) Write down the period of f .

(ii) Find the value of b. [3]
(c) Find the value of d. [2]
Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Mark complete Ask Newton
EASY
Question 2
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = a cos bx, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.
(a) Find the value of a. [2]
(b) Find:
(i) the period of f ;
(ii) the value of b. [4]

Question 3
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = a sin bx, for x ∈ R. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .
(a) (i) Write down the amplitude of f .
(ii) Find the value of a. [3]
(b) (i) Write down the period of f .
(ii) Find the value of b. [3]

Question 4
EASY
[Maximum mark: 8]
Let f (x) = p sin(qx) + r, for x ∈ R.

The graph of f has a minimum at A(3, −1) and a maximum at B(9, 5).
(a) (i) Find the period of f .
(ii) Hence find the value of q . [3]
(b) Find the values of:
(i) p;
(ii) r. [3]
(c) Solve f (x) = 4, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 15. [2]

Question 5
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Let f (x) = 3 sin(πx) + 1.
(a) Write down the amplitude of f . [1]
(b) Find the period of f . [2]
(c) On the following grid, sketch the graph of f , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4. [3]

EASY
Question 6
[Maximum mark: 5]
2
Let sin x = , where x is obtuse.
3

(a) Find cos x. [3]
(b) Find cos 2x. [2]

Question 7
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following diagram shows the curve y = a cos(k(x − d)) + c where a, k, d and c are all positive constants.
The curve has a minimum point at (1.5, 2) and a maximum point at (3.5, 7).
(a) Write down the value of a and the value of c. [2]
(b) Find the value of k . [2]
(c) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [2]

Question 8
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
3
Given that sin x = , where x is an acute angle, find:
5

(a) cos x; [3]
(b) sin 2x; [2]

(c) cos 2x. [2]

Question 9
EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
sin 2x π
Solve − 1 = 0, for ≤ x ≤ π .
cos x 2


Question 10
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
π π
Let f (x) = sin(x + ) + q . The graph of f passes through the point ( , 5).
6 3

(a) Find the value of q . [3]
(b) Find the maximum value of f . [2]
Let g(x) = sin x. The graph of g is translated to the graph of f by the vector ( ).
a
b

(c) Write down the values of a and b. [2]

EASY
Question 11
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following diagram shows the curve y = a sin(k(x − d)) + c where a, k, d and c are all positive constants.
The curve has a minimum point at (1.5, 1) and a maximum point at (3, 7).
(a) Write down the value of a and the value of c. [2]
(b) Find the value of k . [2]
(c) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [2]

EASY
Question 12
[Maximum mark: 6]
Solve 3 tan x + 1 = 0, for 0 ≤ x ≤ π .


Question 13
EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The height, h metres, of a seat on a Ferris wheel after t minutes is given by
h(t) = −23.5 cos(0.4t) + 25, for t ≥ 0.

(a) Find the initial height of the seat. [2]
Once a passenger's seat is more than 30 m above the ground, there are no trees in view and they can take
unobstructed photographs of a nearby city.
(b) Given that passengers only complete one rotation on the Ferris wheel, calculate how long they can take
unobstructed photographs of the nearby city. [3]

Question 14
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
4
Given that sin x = , where x is an obtuse angle, find the value of:
5

(a) cos x; [2]
(b) cos 2x; [2]
(c) tan 2x. [3]

Question 15
EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
The Singapore Flyer is a giant observation wheel in Singapore with diameter of 150 metres. The wheel
rotates at a constant speed and completes one rotation in 32 minutes. The bottom of the wheel is d metres
above the ground.
A seat starts at the bottom of the wheel.
(a) After 16 minutes, the seat is 165 metres above the ground. Find d. [2]
After t minutes, the height of the seat above the ground is given by
π
h(t) = 90 + a cos( t), for 0 ≤ t ≤ 64.
16

(b) Find the value of a. [2]
(c) Find when the seat is 60 metres above the ground for the third time. [3]

Question 16
EASY
[Maximum mark: 8]
2 π
Given that sin x = , for ≤ x ≤ π , find the value of:
3 2

(a) cos x; [3]
(b) tan 2x. [5]

Question 17
EASY
[Maximum mark: 13]

π π
Let f (x) = sin( x) + cos( x), for 0 ≤ x ≤ 8.
3 3

(a) Find the values of x where f has a positive rate of change. [4]
π
The function f can be written in the form f (x) = a cos( (x − d)) where 6 ≤ d ≤ 9.
3

(b) Find the value of:
(i) a;
(ii) d. [5]
(c) Solve f (x) = 1, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 8. [4]

EASY
Question 18
[Maximum mark: 6]
A function is defined by f (x) = a cos(kx) + c, for −π ≤ x ≤ π , where k > 0.
Part of the graph of y = f (x) is shown on the diagram below.
(a) Find the value of:
(i) a;
(ii) k ;
(iii) c. [4]
(b) Solve f (x) = 2, for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . [2]

EASY
Question 19
[Maximum mark: 9]
Let f (x) = a sin(k(x − d)) + c, for 1 ≤ x ≤ 7.
The graph of f is shown on the diagram below.

The graph of f has a maximum at A(2, 5) and a minimum at B(4, 1).
(a) Find the value of:
(i) a;
(ii) c. [3]
(b) (i) Find the value of k .
(ii) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [4]
0
The graph of f is translated by a vector ( ) to give the graph of a function g
b

such that g(x) = 3 has only one solution in the given domain.
(c) Find the value of b. [2]

Question 20
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Solve the equation cos 2x − sin2 x = cos2 x + 3 cos x, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .

Question 21
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
The expression 8 sin x cos x can be written in the form p sin qx.
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q . [3]

π π
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 8 sin x cos x = 2 3, for ≤x≤ . [4]
4 2


Question 22
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following diagram shows triangle ABC. Point D lies on [AC] so that [DB]
bisects CB̂ A. The area of the triangle ABC is 3 cm2 .
3
AB = 2 7 cm, BC = x cm, and CB̂D = θ, where sin θ =
4

a
Find the value of x in the form of where a and b are positive integers.
b

Question 23
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Find all solutions to the equation tan x − sin 2x = 0 where 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°.

MEDIUM
Question 24
[Maximum mark: 6]
1
Consider the equation sin x − cos x = ± .
3

8 [4]
(a) Show that the equation can be expressed as sin 2x =
9

1 [2]
(b) Hence or otherwise, solve the equation sin x − cos x = ± for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
3


Question 25
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 15]
The following diagram shows the graph of f (x) = a sin kx + c , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 16.
The graph of f has a minimum at P(4, 8) and a maximum at Q(12, 16).
(a) (i) Find the value of c.

π
(ii) Show that k = .
8

(iii) Find the value of a. [6]
The graph of g is obtained from the graph of f by a translation of ( ).

d
0

The minimum point on the graph of g has coordinates (6.5, 8).
(b) (i) Write down the value of d.
(ii) Find g(x). [3]
The graph of g changes from concave-up to concave-down when x = ν .
(c) (i) Find ν .
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the maximum positive rate of change of g . [6]

Question 26
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
Consider the function f (x) = x2 arcsin(x), for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1.
(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x). [3]

(b) Write down the range of f . [2]
(c) Solve the inequality ∣∣x2 arcsin(x)∣∣ > 0.5.

[3]

Question 27
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
1 1
Find all solutions to the equation + = 0 where 0 < x < 2π and x =
 π.
tan x tan 2x


Question 28
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
9 π 9
Consider the functions f (x) = 3 cos(x) + and g(x) = 3 cos (x + ) + A, where x ∈ R and A < .
2 3 2

(a) Describe a sequence of two transformations that transforms the graph of f to the graph of g . [3]
9
The y -intercept of the graph g is at the point (0 , )
2

(b) Find the range of g . [4]

Question 29
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 14]
Let f (x) = 3 cos(2x) + 5, for x ∈ R.
The range of f is p ≤ f (x) ≤ q .
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q . [3]
Let g(x) = 4f (3x), for x ∈ R.
(b) Find the range of g . [3]
The function g can be written in the form g(x) = 12 cos(kx) + c.
(c) (i) Find the value of k and the value of c.
(ii) Find the period of g . [5]
2π
The equation g(x) = 10 has two solutions for ≤ x ≤ π.
3

(d) Find both solutions. [3]

MEDIUM
Question 30
[Maximum mark: 15]
Consider the function f (x) = sin x, for x ∈ R, where x is in radians.
(a) Write down:

(i) the maximum value of f ;
(ii) the smallest positive value of x for which the maximum of f occurs. [3]
π
Let g(x) = 2 sin(x + ), for x ∈ R, where x is in radians.
4

(b) (i) Determine the two transformations the graph of f undergoes to form the graph of g .
(ii) Hence find the maximum value of g and the smallest positive value of x for which this maximum
occurs. [4]
4
4
Let h(x) = , for x ∈ R, where x is in radians.
2 sin(x + π4 ) − 3

(c) Determine if the graph of h has a vertical asymptote. Justify your answer. [4]
(d) Find the range of h. [4]

Question 31
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
(a) Given that θ = 18° satisfies the equation 4 sin2 θ + 2 sin θ − 1 = 0, find the value of sin 18°. [2]
(b) Hence find the value of cos 36°. [3]
The following diagram shows the triangle ABC where AB = 4 cm, BC = 5 cm and CB̂A = 36°.
(c) Find AC in the form a + b 5 cm where a, b ∈ Z.

[3]

Question 32
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
3 π
Given that cos x = , where 0 < x < , find the value of sin 4x.
4 2


Question 33
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
π
Solve log 3 (sin x) − log 3 (cos x) = 1, for 0 < x < .
2


Question 34
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 4]
6
It is given that sec θ = − , where π < θ < 2π . Find the exact value of tan θ.
5


Question 35
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 14]
Let f (x) = sin x − 3 cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .

The following diagram shows the graph of f .
The curve crosses the x-axis at A and C and has a maximum at point B .
(a) Find the exact coordinates of A and of C . [6]
(b) Find f ′ (x). [2]
(c) Find the coordinates of B . [6]

Question 36
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
π
In a triangle ABC, AB = 2 cm, CB̂A = and BÂC = θ.
4

2 [4]
(a) Show that AC = .
cos θ + sin θ

(b) Given that AC has a minimum value, find the value of θ for which this occurs. [4]

Question 37
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 4]
5 π 3π
It is given that cosec θ = − , where < θ < . Find the exact value of cot θ.
3 2 2


Question 38
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
Solve the equation cos 2x + cos x = 1 + sin 2x − sin x, for x ∈ [−π, π].

Question 39
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 10]

π
Let g(x) = −4x − and h(x) = 5 cos x − 1, for x ∈ R.
3

π
(a) Show that (h ∘ g)(x) = 5 cos (−4x − ) − 1. [1]
3

(b) Find the range of h ∘ g . [2]
5π 5π
(c) Given that (h ∘ g)( ) = 4, find the next value of x, greater than ,
12 12

for which (h ∘ g)(x) = 4. [2]
(d) The graph of y = (h ∘ g)(x) can be obtained by applying five transformations to the graph of y = cos x.
State what the five transformations represent geometrically and give the order in which they are
applied. [5]

Question 40
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Find all solutions to the equation tan 2x − 3 tan x = 0 where 0° ≤ x < 360°.

Question 41
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 16]
The diagram below shows the graph of f (x) = a sin(k(x − d)) + c, for 2 ≤ x ≤ 14.
The graph of f has a maximum at P(5, 15) and a minimum at Q(11, −5).
(a) Write down the value of:
(i) a;
(ii) c. [3]
π
(b) (i) Show that k = .
6

(ii) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [4]
(c) Find f ′ (x). [3]
5π [6]
(d) At a point R, the gradient is − . Find the x-coordinate of R.
3


Question 42
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
(a) Show that log16 (cos 2x + 7) = log4

cos 2x + 7.
[3]
π
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve log4 ( 10 cos x) = log16 (cos 2x + 7), for 0 < x < . [5]
2


Question 43
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
5 2x2 − 7x − 4 [2]
(a) Show that 2x − 9 + = , x ∈ R, x =
 −1.
x+1 x+1

5 3π [5]
(b) Hence, solve the equation 2 sin 2θ − 9 + = 0 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π , θ 
= .
sin 2θ + 1 4


Question 44
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 11]
The following table shows the probability distribution of a discrete random variable Z , in terms of an angle θ
.
3 [4]
(a) Show that cos θ = .
4

(b) Find tan θ, given that tan θ > 0. [3]
1 π
Let f (x) = , for 0 < x < .
cos x 2

π
The graph of y = f (x) between x = θ and x = is rotated 360° about the x-axis.
4

(c) Find the volume of the solid formed. [4]

MEDIUM
Question 45
[Maximum mark: 16]
The London Eye is an observation wheel in England with diameter of 120 metres. The wheel rotates at a
constant speed and completes 2.5 rotations every hour. The bottom of the wheel is 15 metres above the
ground.
A seat starts at the bottom of the wheel.
(a) Find the maximum height above the ground of the seat. [2]
After t minutes, the height h metres above the ground of the seat is given by
h(t) = 75 + a cos(bt), b > 0.
(b) (i) Show that the period of h is 24 minutes.

(ii) Write down the exact value of b. [2]
(c) Find the value of a. [3]
(d) Sketch the graph of h, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 48. [4]
(e) In one rotation of the wheel, find the probability that a randomly selected seat is at least 110 metres
above the ground. [5]

Question 46
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
(a) Show that log2 3 − cos 2x = log4 (3 − cos 2x).

[3]
1 π [5]
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve log4 (3 sin x) + = log2 3 − cos 2x, for 0 < x < .
4 2


Question 47
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
Let f (x) = sin(x + c), where 0 ≤ x ≤ a and a, c ∈ R+ .
(a) By sketching a suitable graph, or otherwise, find the largest value of a for which the inverse function
π
f −1 exists in the case where c = . [2]
2

(b) Find the largest value of a for which the inverse function f −1 exists in the case where c = π . [1]
π
(c) Find the largest value of a for which the inverse function f −1 exists in the case where < c < π . Give
2

your answer in terms of c. [2]

Question 48
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
1
Given that sin x − cos x = , find cos 8x, rounding your answer to 3 significant
4

figures.

Question 49
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
π x
Consider the function f (x) = sin ( − ) for x ∈ R.
12 4

6− 2 [3]
(a) Show that the y -intercept of f (x) is

4

3 [5]
(b) Find the least positive value of x for which f (x) = .

2


Question 50
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
The first three terms of a geometric sequence are

π π
2 cos x, sin 2x, 2 2 sin2 x cos x, − <x< .
2 2

(a) Find the common ratio. [1]
(b) Find the set of values of x for which the geometric series below converges.
2 cos x + sin 2x + 2 2 sin2 x cos x + ⋯

[3]
1
Consider x = arcsin( ), 0 < x <
π
.
2 2 2

(c) Show that the sum to infinity of this series is 7. [3]

MEDIUM
Question 51
[Maximum mark: 13]
A function, f , is defined by f (x) = 6.2 sin( (x − 7.5)) + c, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 15,

π
9

where c ∈ R.
(a) Find the period of f . [2]
The function f has a minimum at A(3, 11.8) and a maximum at B(12, 24.2).
(b) (i) Find the value of c.
(ii) Hence find the value of f (9). [4]
2π
A second function, g , is defined by g(x) = a sin( (x + 2.25))+ b, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 15,
15

where a, b ∈ R.
The function g passes through the points P(1.5, 14.5) and Q(14, 10.2).
(c) Find the value of a and the value of b. [5]

(d) Find the value of x for which the functions have the greatest difference. [2]

Question 52
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 30]
In this question you will investigate methods for finding definite integrals of power of
trigonometrical functions.
π
Let In = ∫ 2 sinn x dx, n ≥ 0.
0
(a) Find the exact values of I0 , I1 and I2 . [6]

π
In can be rewritten as In = ∫

2 sinn−1 x sin x dx, n ≥ 0.
0
n−1 [5]
(b) Hence, use integration by parts to show that In = In−2 , n ≥ 2.

n
(c) Explain where the condition n ≥ 2 was used in your proof. [1]
(d) Hence, find the exact values of I3 and I4 . [2]
π/2
Let Jn = ∫ 4 cosn x dx, n ≥ 0.
0
π
(e) Using that cos is an even function, and the substitution x = u − to show that Jn = In . [4]
2

(f) Hence, find the exact values of J5 and J6 . [2]

π/2
Let Kn = ∫ 2 cotn x dx, n ≥ 0.
π/4
(g) Find the exact values of K0 and K1 . [3]

π/2
Kn can be rewritten as Kn = ∫
2 cotn−2 x cot2 x dx, n ≥ 2.
π/4
2 [5]
(h) Hence, by using the identity cot2 x = cosec2 x − 1 to show Kn = − Kn−2 , n ≥ 2.
n−1

(i) Find the exact values of K2 and K3 .

[2]
Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit Mark complete Ask Newton

MEDIUM
Question 53
[Maximum mark: 14]
The following diagram shows a ball attached to the end of a spring, which is suspended from a ceiling.
The height, h metres of the ball above the ground at time t seconds after being released can be modelled by
the function h(t) = 0.5 cos(πt) + 2.2, where t ≥ 0.
(a) Find the height of the ball above the ground when it is released. [2]
(b) Find the minimum height of the ball above the ground. [2]
(c) Show that the ball takes 2 seconds to return to its initial height above the ground for the first time. [2]
(d) For the first 2 seconds of its motion, determine the amount of the time that the ball is less than 2.2 +
0.25 2 meters above the ground.

[5]
1
(e) Find the rate of change of the ball's height above the ground when t = .
3

Give your answer in the form pπ q ms−1 , where p ∈ Q and q ∈ Z+

[3]

Question 54
MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 15]
A physicist is studying the motion of two separate particles moving in a straight line. She measures the
displacement of each particle from a fixed origin over the course of 10 seconds.
The physicist found that the displacement of particle A, sA cm, at time t seconds can be modelled by the

function sA (t) = 7t + 9, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 10.

The physicist found that the displacement of particle B , sB cm, at time t seconds can be modelled by the

function sB (t) = cos(3t + 5) + 8t + 4.

(a) Use the physicist's models to find the initial displacement of
(i) Particle A;
(ii) Particle B correct to three significant figures. [3]
(b) Find the values of t when sA (t) = sB (t).

[3]
(c) For t > 6, prove that particle B was always further away from the fixed origin than particle A. [3]
(d) For 0 ≤ t ≤ 10, find the total amount of time that the velocity of particle A was greater than the
velocity of particle B . [6]

Question 55
HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
The first two terms of an infinite geometric sequence are u1 = 20 and u2 = 16 sin2 θ, where 0 < θ < 2π , and

θ=
 π.
(a) (i) Find an expression for r in terms of θ.
(ii) Find the possible values of r. [5]
100 [4]
(b) Show that the sum of the infinite sequence is .
3 + 2 cos 2θ

(c) Find the values of θ which give the greatest value of the sum. [6]

Question 56
HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
A curve is given by the equation y = cos(2π cos x).
dy
Find the coordinates of all the points on the curve for which = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
dx


Question 57
HARD
[Maximum mark: 7]
A curve is given by the equation y = cos(2π sin x).
dy
Find the coordinates of all the points on the curve for which = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
dx


Question 58
HARD
[Maximum mark: 20]
7
Consider the function defined by f (x) = for x ∈ R, x =
 −7, x =
 1.
x2 + 6x − 7

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), showing the values of any axes intercepts, the coordinates of any local
maxima and minima, and the graphs of any asymptotes. [6]
7
Next, consider the function g defined by g(x) = for x ∈ R, x > 1.
x2 + 6x − 7

16x + 7 [6]
(b) Show that g −1 (x) = −3 + .
(c) State the domain of g −1 . [1]

x
Now, consider the function h defined by h(x) = arccos ( ).
7

π
(d) Given that (h ∘ g ) (a) = , find the value of a. Give your answer in the form p + q 2 where p, q ∈ Z. [7]
3


Question 59
HARD
[Maximum mark: 19]

π π
Let z = cos θ + i sin θ, for − <θ< .
4 4

(a) (i) Find z 3 using the binomial theorem.
(ii) Use de Moivre's theorem to show that cos 3θ = 4 cos3 θ − 3 cos θ and sin 3θ = 3 sin θ − 4 sin3 θ. [8]
sin 3θ − sin θ [6]

(b) Hence show that = tan θ.
cos 3θ + cos θ

1 [5]
(c) Given that sin θ = , find the exact value of tan 3θ.
3


Question 60
HARD
[Maximum mark: 22]

(a) Solve 2 sin(x + 120°) = 3 cos(x + 60°), for x ∈ [0, 180°].
[5]
6 [3]
(b) Show that sin 75° + cos 75° = .

2

(c) Let z = sin 4θ + i(1 − cos 4θ), for z ∈ C, θ ∈ [0, 90°].

(i) Find the modulus and argument of z in terms of θ.
(ii) Hence find the fourth roots of z in modulus-argument form. [14]

Question 61
HARD
[Maximum mark: 11]
In a triangle ABC,
5 sin(AB̂C) − 6 cos(BĈA) = 7,

6 sin(BĈA) − 5 cos(AB̂C) = 2.

1 [6]
(a) Show that sin(AB̂C + BĈA) = .
6

James claims that CÂB can have two possible values.
(b) Show that James is wrong by proving that CÂB has only one possible value. [5]

Question 62
HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
Consider the equation

2−1 2+1 4 π
+ = 2 8, 0 < x < .

sin x cos x 2

π 1 π 1 π
(a) Given that sin( ) = 2− 2 and cos( ) = 2+ 2, verify that x = is a solution to the
8 2 8 2 8

equation. [3]
(b) Hence find the other solution to the equation. [5]

HARD
Question 63
[Maximum mark: 14]
A water truck tank which is 3 metres long has a uniform cross-section in the shape of a major segment. The
tank is divided into two equal parts and is partially filled with water as shown in the following diagram of the
cross-section. The centre of the circle is O, the angle AOB is α radians, and the angle AOF is β radians.
π
(a) Given that α = , calculate the amount of water, in litres, in the right part
4

of the water tank. Give your answer correct to the nearest integer. [3]
(b) Find an expression for the volume of water V , in m3 , in the left part of the water tank in terms of β . [3]
The left part of the tank is now being filled with water at a constant rate of 0.001 m3 per second.
dβ 3π [4]
(c) Calculate when β = . Round your answer to 3 significant figures.
dt 5

(d) Calculate the amount of time it will take for the left part of the tank to be fully filled with water. Give
your answer in minutes and correct to the nearest integer. [4]

Question 64
HARD
[Maximum mark: 28]
This question asks you to investigate some properties of the sequence of functions of the form
fn (x) = sin (n arcsin x), −1 < x < 1 and n ∈ Z+ .

(a) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = f1 (x) and f3 (x) for −1 < x < 1.
[2]
For odd values of n > 2, use your graphic display calculator to systematically vary the value of n. Hence
describe, in terms of n, the number of
(b) (i) local maximum points;
(ii) local minimum points. [3]
(c) On a new set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = f2 (x) and y = f4 (x) for −1 < x < 1.
[2]
For even values of n > 2, use your graphic display calculator to systematically vary the value of n. Hence
describe, in terms of n, the number of
(d) (i) local maximum points;
(ii) local minimum points. [2]
(e) (i) Find an expression for fn′ (x).

(2k + 1)π
(ii) Hence show that the stationary points on the graph of y = fn (x) occur at x = sin ( )
2n

n+1 n−1 [6]

where k ∈ Z and − <k< .
2 2

The functions fn (x), for odd values of n, defined above forms a sequence of polynomials of degree n.

(f) Using appropriate trigonometric identities show that f2 (x) = 2x 1 − x2 .

[3]
(g) Using a compound angle identity and part (f) show that f3 (x) = 3x − 4x3 .
[4]
(h) Using appropriate trigonometric identities and part (f) show that cos(3 arcsin x) = (1 − 4x2 ) 1 − x2 . [2]
(i) Hence, using parts (f)-(h) find a polynomial expression for f5 (x). [4]
Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit Mark complete Ask Newton
Question 65
HARD
[Maximum mark: 20]
(a) Solve the equation sin(x + 90°) = 2 cos(x − 60°), 0° < x < 360°. [5]
6 [4]
(b) Show that sin 15° + cos 15° = .

2

π
(c) Let z = 1 − cos 4θ − i sin 4θ, for z ∈ C, 0 < θ <.
2

(i) Find the modulus and argument of z . Express each answer

in its simplest form.
(ii) Hence find the fourth roots of z in modulus-argument form. [11]

Question 66
HARD
[Maximum mark: 22]
Let f (x) = x4 − 0.4x3 − 2.85x2 + 0.9x + 1.35, for x ∈ R.
(a) Find the solutions for f (x) > 0. [3]
(b) For the graph of y = f (x),
(i) find the coordinates of local minimum and maximum points.
(ii) find the x-coordinates of the points of inflexion. [5]
The domain of f is now restricted to [a, b] where a, b ∈ R+ .
(c) (i) Write down the smallest value of a > 0 and the largest value of b > 0 for which f has an inverse.
Give your answers correct to three significant figures.
(ii) For these values of a and b, sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = f −1 (x) on the same set of axes,
showing clearly the coordinates of the end points of each curve.
(iii) Solve f −1 (x) = 0.5. [6]
2 1 1 π 1 π
Let g(x) = sin(2x − 1) + , − ≤ x ≤ + .
3 2 2 4 2 4

(d) (i) Find an expression for g −1 and state its domain.
(ii) Solve (f −1 ∘ g)(x) < 0.5. [8]

Question 67
HARD
[Maximum mark: 17]

π
Consider the function f (x) = −2 sin2 x + 3 sin 2x + tan x − 3, 0 ≤ x < .
2

(a) (i) Determine an expression for f ′ (x) in terms of x.

π
(ii) Sketch the graph of y = f ′ (x) for 0 ≤ x < .
2

(iii) Find the x-coordinate(s) of the point(s) of inflexion of the graph of y = f (x), labelling these
clearly on the graph of y = f ′ (x). [5]
(b) Let u = tan x.
(i) Express sin x in terms of u.
(ii) Express sin 2x in terms of u.
(iii) Show that f (x) = 0 can be expressed as u3 − 5u2 + 7u − 3 = 0. [9]
(c) Solve the equation f (x) = 0, giving your answers in the form arctan p, where p ∈ Z. [3]

Question 68
HARD
[Maximum mark: 22]
x2 − 1
A function f (x) is defined by f (x) = arccos ( ) , x ∈ R.
x2 + 1

(a) Show that f is an even function. [1]
(b) Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the graph of y = f (x). [2]
2x
(c) (i) Show that f ′ (x) = − for x ∈ R, x =
 0.
x2 (x2 + 1)
(ii) Using the expression for f ′ (x) and the result x2 = ∣x∣, show that f is increasing for x < 0.

[9]
x2 − 1
A function g is defined by g(x) = arccos ( ), x ∈ R, x ≥ 0.
x2 + 1

(d) Find the range of g . [2]
(e) Find an expression for g −1 (x). [4]
(f) State the domain of g −1 (x). [1]
(g) Sketch the graph of y = g −1 (x). Clearly indicating any asymptotes with their equations and stating the
values of any axes intercepts. [3]

Question 69
HARD
[Maximum mark: 17]

3π
The following diagram shows the graph of y = arctan(2x − 3) + for x ∈ R,
4

π 5π
with asymptotes at y = and y = .
4 4

(a) Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of
3π [3]
y = arctan x to the graph of y = arctan(2x − 3) + for x ∈ R.
4

p−q
(b) Show that arctan p − arctan q ≡ arctan ( ). [3]
1 + pq

1
(c) Verify that arctan(x + 2) − arctan(x + 1) = arctan ( ). [3]
(x + 1)2 + (x + 1) + 1

(d) Using mathematical induction and the results from part (b) and (c), prove that [8]
n
1
∑ arctan ( ) = arctan(n + 1) −
π
for n ∈ Z+ .
r2 + r + 1 4

r=1

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IB MATHEMATICS AA HL - QUESTIONBANK

Let f (x) = a cos bx + d, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.

Part of the graph of f is shown on the diagram below.

(a) Find the value of a. [2]

(b) (i) Write down the period of f .

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = a cos bx, for x ∈ R, where b > 0.

Part of the graph of f is shown on the diagram below.

(a) Find the value of a. [2]

(ii) the value of b. [4]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

(a) (i) Write down the amplitude of f .

(ii) Find the value of a. [3]

(b) (i) Write down the period of f .

(ii) Find the value of b. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = p sin(qx) + r, for x ∈ R.

Part of the graph of f is shown on the diagram below.

(a) (i) Find the period of f .

(ii) Hence find the value of q . [3]

(b) Find the values of:

(c) Solve f (x) = 4, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 15. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Let f (x) = 3 sin(πx) + 1.

(a) Write down the amplitude of f . [1]

(b) Find the period of f . [2]

(c) On the following grid, sketch the graph of f , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4. [3]

(a) Find cos x. [3]

(b) Find cos 2x. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

(a) Write down the value of a and the value of c. [2]

(b) Find the value of k . [2]

(c) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

(a) cos x; [3]

(b) sin 2x; [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

(a) Find the value of q . [3]

(b) Find the maximum value of f . [2]

(c) Write down the values of a and b. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

(a) Write down the value of a and the value of c. [2]

(b) Find the value of k . [2]

(c) Find the smallest possible value of d, given d > 0. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

Solve 3 tan x + 1 = 0, for 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

The height, h metres, of a seat on a Ferris wheel after t minutes is given by

h(t) = −23.5 cos(0.4t) + 25, for t ≥ 0.

(a) Find the initial height of the seat. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

(a) cos x; [2]

(b) cos 2x; [2]

(c) tan 2x. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit

A seat starts at the bottom of the wheel.

(b) Find the value of a. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Revisit