LAB 1

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI DAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY & COMFORT SYSTEM (SISTEM KESELAMATAN

BMKA 4333 DAN KESELESAAN AUTOMOTIF)

LAB SHEET 1

ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS)

Learning LO2 Construct simulation of automotive safety and comfort system

Outcome (LO):
experiments.
Program PO4 Ability to plan and conduct experimental investigations of broadly-
Outcome:
defined problems, using data from relevant sources.
Synopsis: This lab activity will enrich students’ knowledge on one of the Active Safety
features in modern vehicle which is Anti-Lock Braking system concept. Students are
exposed to the working principle and operation through case-study and
observation.
Related Lecture’s 1. Vehicle Braking System (Lecture #3)
Topic:
2. Anti-Lock Braking System (Lecture #4)

Prepared by: Ts. Dr Nur Rashid bin Mat Nuri Date: 4 March 2024

Approved by Ts. Dr. Mohamad Haidir bin Maslan Date

LM/SLM/HOD

QMS : REVISION RECORDS

Revision Date Approved by

Description Prepared by :
No (DD/MM/YY) LM/SLM/HOD:

1.0 THEORY

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Brake circuit subdivision is required by German legislation (DIN 74000), This provision increases a brake
system's safety in the event of a malfunction: The malfunction only affects a limited part of the brake system.
There are FIVE (5) ways of subdividing a brake circuit. Letters are used to describe subdivision in each case
roughly resemble the layout and arrangement of the lines.

[for example: II subdivision , X subdivision, HI subdivision, LL subdivision, HH subdivision]

Figure 1: Ways of subdividing a brake circuit

Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) is developed to shorten the vehicle stopping distance with limiting the tire slip
and giving the ability for a driver to maneuver the vehicle using steering wheel to the driver’s intent path.

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ABS system's control cycle is in explained in the

The braking process starts. All inlet valves are open. The brake pressure can be transmitted freely through the
red coloured line from the brake pedal to the wheel brake cylinders. The controller detects no speed fluctuations
or significant slippage.

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The front right wheel reaches a wet surface. The controller detects unnaturally high slip directly on the basis of
the speed signal from this wheel. The whell tends to block. To limit the tire slip, the wheel’s corresponding
solenoid valve is set to maintain pressure (green line)

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begins to rotate again now, so that the slip decreases. The rear right wheel brake is now set to maintain pressure.

Once the right front wheel starts to turn again, the controller sets the valves again to maintain pressure, and monitors
the speed signals on the basis of internally saved data.

Becaue the slip is in the stable range again, the controller switches back to pressure build-up, and the front right

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This control cycle is repeated until the vehicle has come to a controlled stop. Modern systems can repeat such
cycles up to 18 times per second.

2.0 EQUIPMENTS/ EXPERIMENT APPARATUS/ CONSUMABLE MATERIALS

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 Figure 1: UniTrain-I SO4203-6W.

1. SO4203-2A UniTrain-I interface

2. SO4203-6W UniTrain-I experiment board: Anti-Lock Braking System

3.0 PROCEDURES/ METHODOLOGY

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SETTING THE BOARD

1. Plug board SO4203-6W into the UniTrain-I SO4203-2A.

2. Connect the extended power supply SO4203-2D directly to the experiment board.

3. Putting the experiment board into operation.

ABS BRAKING ON DRY AND WET SURFACES

4. Set the road conditions individually by means of the corresponding buttons in the board's left area.

a. Move the switch for the right-hand roadway condition to the dry setting.

b. Move the switch for the left-hand roadway condition to the dry setting.

c. Turn the ignition switch fully to the right

d. Move the brake control to the zero setting. (Note: This switch is intermittent)

e. Move the accelerator pedal control to the zero setting.

5. The ignition switch is located in the lower area of the board. The switch's positions from left to right are: Ignition
off - Ignition on - Start engine. First turn the switch fully to the right so that the wheels starting turning.

6. Adjust the accelerator pedal control and brake control according to the Lucas Nulle, LN Simulation
software

7. Repeat step 4 to step 6 with wet setting.

SPEED SIGNAL DURING ABS BRAKING CHECK

8. Students need to answer 5 questions at system overview (speed signal).

9. Set both roadway conditions to dry.

10. Set the speed to 99 km/h.

11. Connect A+ with no. 3 (B1) and A- with no. 1 (B1) using provided measuring leads to register the speed signal.

12. Open the oscilloscope and set its parameters as below:

Set the brake pedal to 100% to simulate full braking.

13. Sketch the graph obtained at about 50 km/h to the graph in Figure 2 Appendix 1.

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SPEED SENSOR’S SUPPLY VOLTAGE & SPEED SENSOR’S SIGNAL CHECK

14. Connect A+ with no. 2 (B1) and A- with no. 1 (B1) using provided measuring leads to register the speed sensor’s
supply voltage.

15. Turn the ignition switch fully to the right.

16. Under Instruments => Measuring devices, open voltmeter A and set it to a measuring range of 10 V.

17. Connect A+ with no. 3 (B1) and A- with no. 1 (B1) using provided measuring leads to register the speed sensor’s
signal.

18. Turn the ignition switch fully to the right.

19. Raise the speed to 10 km/h.

20. Under Instruments => Measuring devices, open the oscilloscope and set it as below:

21. Move the trigger's position up by 0.5 units.

22. Sketch the graph obtained into the (Speed signal at 10 km/h) graph in Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5 Appendix
1.

23. Repeat step no. 18 to 21 with speed signal at 20 km/h & 40 km/h.

4.0 RESULTS
You should explain the following items that related to your Lab activity (Use pictures to complement your
answer where appropriate):

i. Identify correct experimental setup specification of the equipment/simulation to be used for this activity
(Use Table 1 in Appendix 1).
ii. Arrange step-by-step (flowchart with caption) of ABS Braking on Dry & Wet Surfaces experimental setting
based on Lucas Nulle, LN Simulation software.
iii. Imitate the speed signal obtained during braking by the ABS in virtual oscilloscope. (Sketch the graph
obtained in Figure 2 Appendix 1).
iv. Check speed sensor’s supply voltage, and speed sensor’s signal. (Sketch the graph obtained in Figure 3,
Figure 4, and Figure 5 in Appendix 1).
v. Diagnose the simulated customer complaint of ABS Control Lamp shines permanently. When using
Scan Tool, the error fault code points the error is at Wheel Speed Sensor B1.

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5.0 OTHERS

The report must be prepared as APPENDIX.

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

Your response to each task will be graded separately based on the checklist attached. To obtain maximum
marks, ensure that your response addresses each of the tasks in the question accordingly.

Assessment checklist for Lab Activity 1

Assessment tasks Mark LO PO C/P/A level

allocation

Ability to identify additional 10 LO2 PO4 P1 - Perception

component for ABS, type of brake
circuit board subdivision,
Controller’s terminal pin
assignment

Arrange step-by-step (flowchart 20 LO2 PO4 P2 - Set

with caption) of ABS Braking on
Dry & Wet Surfaces experimental
setting

Ability to imitate the speed signal 20 LO2 PO4 P3 – Guided

obtained during ABS braking Response

Ability to check speed sensor’s supply 20 LO2 PO4 P4 – Mechanism

voltage, and speed sensor’s signal

Ability to diagnose customer complaint 30 LO2 PO4 P5 –

on ABS control lamp warning light Complex
overt response

TOTAL 100

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION

1. Answer in ENGLISH .
2. Must include list of references.
3. Submit your assignment ONCE only in a SINGLE file (pdf format).
4. Submit your assignment ONLINE (ULearn).
5. This lab report/activity accounts for 5% of the total marks for the course.

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 Very Weak Weak Good Excellent Weightag Mark
Item
0 1 2 3 e s
Ability to
identify
additional
component All All specification
for ABS, type Most specification are All specification
specification is taken but
of brake missing or incorrect is correctly 3.33
is missing or minor data are
circuit board taken
subdivision, incorrect incorrect
Controller’s
terminal pin
assignment
Arrange step- 1. Incorrect All procedures
by-step sequence All procedures
are correctly
(flowchart 2. no flowchart are correctly
1. Incorrect sequence explained with
with caption) 3. no caption explained with
2. no flowchart correct sequence
of ABS (missing correct sequence
3. no caption (missing using flowchart 6.67
Braking on TWO or using flowchart
either ONE) with limited
Dry & Wet more) and
explanation comprehensive
Surfaces
caption. caption.
experimental
setting
Ability to Correct speed
Correct speed
imitate the Incorrect signal shape and
Correct speed signal signal shape with
speed signal speed signal correct answer
shape but incorrect correct graph 6.67
obtained shape and but no graph
answer. details and
during ABS answer. detail or partially
correct answer.
braking complete.
Ability to
Correct voltage
check speed Incorrect Incorrect voltage value and Correct voltage
sensor’s voltage value value and Partially Partially correct value and ALL
supply and Incorrect correct signal with no signal with no correct signal 6.67
voltage, and signal. graph details or graph details or with graph
speed
partially complete. partially details.
sensor’s
complete.
signal
Diagnosis is
Ability to Diagnosis is
Diagnosis Diagnosis is correct correct and
diagnose correct and
and diagnosis process diagnosis
customer process is diagnosis process
is not shown clearly process is
complaint on wrong / No is shown clearly 10
(diagnosis graph and arguably shown
ABS control idea. (diagnosis graph
notes are shown). (diagnosis graph
lamp warning and notes are
and notes
light shown).
unclear).

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APPENDIX

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 LAB 1
FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI DAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY & COMFORT SYSTEM (SISTEM

BMKA 4333
KESELAMATAN DAN KESELESAAN AUTOMOTIF)

LAB REPORT 1

ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS)

INSTRUCTOR’S NAME Ts. Dr. Nur Rashid bin Mat Nuri / Ahmad Zul Husni bin Che Mamat

STUDENT’S NAME MATRIX NO:

S1. AMIR ASYRAF BIN AZHAR B092110228
S2. MUHAMMAD HAFSHAM BIN MOHD NORDIN B092110240
S3. NUR IFFAH SOLEHAH BINTI MUHAMMAD B092110402
S4.
S5.

ASSESSEMENT RUBRICS
GIVEN MARKS
ASSESSMENT MARK
Student Student Student Student Student
TASK/ITEMS ALLOCATION
1 2 3 4 5
1. Ability to identify experimental 10
setup specifications.
2. Arrange step-by-step (flowchart with 20
caption) of ABS Braking on
Dry & Wet Surfaces
experimental setting
3. Ability to imitate the speed 20
signal obtained during ABS
braking
4. Ability to check speed sensor’s 20
supply voltage, and speed sensor’s
signal
5. Ability to diagnose customer 30
complaint on ABS control lamp
warning light

TOTAL MARKS 100

Approved By: ………………………………………………..…..

(Instructor’s Signature & Stamp)

Date: …………………………………………….........

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IDENTIFY CORRECT EXPERIMENTAL SETUP SPECIFICATIONS OF THE
EQUIPMENT/SIMULATION USED IN THE ACTIVITY
Table 1: Experimental setup used in the lab activity

Equipment Unitrain (interface)

(Fill in the blanks) Unitrain (experimental board)
Type of brake subdivision II subdivision / X subdivision / HI subdivision / LL subdivision /
(Underline correct answer) HH subdivision
1.

ABS additional component 2.

from conventional brake
3.

4.
Pin 1: Supply Voltage / Ground Terminal / Speed Signal
Controller’s terminal pin Pin 2: Supply Voltage / Ground Terminal / Speed Signal
assignment
(Underline correct answer) Pin 3: Supply Voltage / Ground Terminal / Speed Signal

ARRANGE STEP-BY-STEP (FLOWCHART WITH CAPTION) OF ABS BRAKING ON DRY & WET
SURFACES EXPERIMENTAL SETTING

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 Board setting 1 (DRY SURFACES):

a. Move the switch for the right-hand roadway condition to the dry setting.

b. Move the switch for the left-hand roadway condition to the dry setting

c. Turn the ignition switch fully to the right

d. Move the brake control to the zero setting.

e. Move the accelerator pedal control to the zero setting.

1. Increase the vehicle's speed to 50 km/h, and then brake the vehicle in a controlled manner. After that,
accelerate the vehicle again to investigate the braking performance at different applied forces.
Determine whether or not the ABS intervenes.

Condition ABS status

Brake pedal depressed ABS inactive / ABS active
about 20%
(Underline correct answer)
Brake pedal depressed ABS inactive / ABS active
about 70%
(Underline correct answer)
Brake pedal depressed ABS inactive / ABS active
about 100%
(Underline correct answer)

2. For which wheel brakes does the ABS controller intervene?

Condition ABS controller

Front Left Wheel Brake Intervene / Ignore
(Underline correct answer)
Front Right Wheel Brake Intervene / Ignore
(Underline correct answer)
Rear Left Wheel Brake Intervene / Ignore
(Underline correct answer)
Rear Right Wheel Brake Intervene / Ignore
(Underline correct answer)

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 Board setting 2 (WET SURFACES):

a. Increase the speed to 50 km/h (leave the roadway condition dry to be able to accelerate more rapidly).

b. Once the set speed has been attained, move the switch for the right-hand roadway condition to the wet
setting.

c. Leave the left-hand roadway condition dry.

3. Increase the vehicle's speed to 50 km/h, and then brake the vehicle in a controlled manner. After that,
accelerate the vehicle again to investigate the braking performance at different applied forces.
Determine whether or not the ABS intervenes.

Condition ABS status

Brake pedal depressed ABS inactive / ABS active
about 20%
(Underline correct answer)
Brake pedal depressed ABS inactive / ABS active
about 70%
(Underline correct answer)
Brake pedal depressed ABS inactive / ABS active
about 100%
(Underline correct answer)

4. For which wheel brakes does the ABS controller intervene?

Condition ABS controller

Front Left Wheel Brake Intervene / Ignore
(Underline correct answer)
Front Right Wheel Brake Intervene / Ignore
(Underline correct answer)
Rear Left Wheel Brake Intervene / Ignore
(Underline correct answer)
Rear Right Wheel Brake Intervene / Ignore
(Underline correct answer)
IMITATE THE SPEED SIGNAL OBTAINED DURING ABS BRAKING

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Figure 2: Graph of speed signal obtained during ABS Braking

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CHECK SPEED SENSOR’S SUPPLY VOLTAGE, AND SPEED SENSOR’S SIGNAL
1. Fill in the blank:

Speed sensor supply voltage: 1 0 V

2. Sketch the speed sensor’s signal graph obtained from the oscilloscope.

Figure 3: Speed signal at 10 km/h

Snap gamba lain x de dlm group

Figure 4: Speed signal at 20 km/h

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Figure 5: Speed signal at 40 km/h

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DIAGNOSE CUSTOMER COMPLAINT ON ABS CONTROL LAMP WARNING LIGHT

1. Diagnose the simulated customer complaint of ABS Control Lamp shines permanently as shown in
Workshop Order in the Figure 6.

2. When using Scan Tool, the error fault code points the error is at Wheel Speed Sensor B1.

3. Open the oscilloscope (Click Instruments > Measuring Devices > Oscilloscope). Perform all the
measurements you consider relevant for checking sensor B1. Sketch graph obtained during your
diagnosis process.

4. Select which part of the speed sensor mechanism has turned out to be defective. Circle correct answer (A / B / C
/ D)
A. The sensor itself.

B. The power supply.

C. The ground line.

D. The signal line.

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Figure 6: Workshop order of ABS control lamp shine permanently

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Diagnose type = ground
Measurement result for sensor B1 (No. 1) = Oscilloscope trace Measurement result
for sensor B2 (No. 4) = Oscilloscope trace

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Example: Diagnose type = supply voltage
Measurement result for sensor B1 (No. 2) = Oscilloscope trace Measurement result
for sensor B2 (No. 5) = Oscilloscope trace

Example: Diagnose type = speed signal

Measurement result for sensor B1 (No. 3) = Oscilloscope trace Measurement result
for sensor B2 (No. 6) = Oscilloscope trace

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