Au (Predictions)

The proportion of the world’s ocean defined as “death” containing such low levels of oxygen that very little
marine life can survive has increased alarmingly in the past 70 years scientists have warned. The researchers from Smithsonian environmental research center, among other institutions, studied death zones both in open waters and around coasts and found #04480
1 that the former has quadrupled in size since 1950, expanding by an area roughly the size of the Europian Union. Meanwhile coastal dead zones have grown tenfold from fewer than 50 to more than 500 today. The deoxygenation of open waters has been linked to global warming: water holds less oxygen the warmer it gets. In coastal areas death zones are more likely
to be caused by sewage and fertilizer runoff giving rise to algal blooms which as they decompose suck the oxygen from the water.
New technologies are helping cities replace failing water structure. Piping systems allow polymer-based materials to be inserted into old pipes to repair faults and reduce leaks without having to dig up and lay new pipes. When it comes to managing wastewater, new systems are emerging, such as Advanced Immobilised Cell Reactor technology, which uses a #04502
2 system based on the immobilization of bacteria, reducing the power and land area needed for conventional wastewater treatment systems. And companies have realized that much can be achieved by re-examining their products at the development stage. By designing items that can be more easily picked apart and that use fewer different materials in their
construction, companies can increase the recyclable content of what they produce, cutting waste and generating cost-savings by being able to re-use parts and materials.
In this free course, Human resources: recruitment and selection, we look at the first stage of managing people – attracting and selecting staff. Recruitment and selection are usually considered as one process. However, we will make the distinction here between the initial actions and considerations when planning staff recruitment and the process of selecting an #04484
3 individual from a pool of applicants. Recruitment needs to be carefully planned in order to attract the right type of applicant. Ultimately, this increases the chances of making a suitable selection and appointment. Your involvement may be limited to a discussion of the need for a particular job within your team or work area, or you may be required to interview job
applicants. Whatever your involvement, this session makes it clear that it is important for you to understand the whole process to make an effective contribution to the staffing of your organization.
Impressionism was a nineteenth century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists who started publicly exhibiting their art in the 1860s. Characteristics of Impressionist painting include visible brush strokes, light colours, open composition, emphasis on light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of #03888
time), ordinary subject matter, and unusual visual angles. The name of the movement is derived from Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant). Critic Louis Leroy inadvertently coined the term in a satiric review published in Le Charivari. Radicals in their time, early Impressionists broke the rules of academic painting. They began by giving
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colours, freely brushed, primacy over line, drawing inspiration from the work of painters such as Eugene Delacroix. They also took the act of painting out of the studio and into the world. Previously, not only still-lives and portraits, but also landscapes had been painted indoors, but the Impressionists found that they could capture the momentary and transient effects
of sunlight by painting air (in plain air).
How can you get your business to reduce waste and help the environment, yet at the same time reduce costs and increase customer satisfaction? It sounds like a dream, but it’s undoubtedly possible through joining the circular economy in both discrete and process manufacturing. The circular economy is a system that looks to eliminatewaste and the continual #010765
use of resources. As opposed to a traditional linear economy in which we make, consume, and throw away, moving circular is all about creating a circle where we design out waste and pollution by keeping products and materials in use for as long as possible and finding ways to create new resources from what we discard . With the circular economy, we’re
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extracting the maximum value from products while in use, then recover and regenerate products and materials at the end of each service life. The circular economy puts a big focus on services, maintenance, and refurbishmentof assets. However, as resources become more and more scarce, manufacturers and distributors in the circular economy are introducing
additional value-added services.
Hippopotamus is Greek for “river horse,” and the animal has been known since ancient times. Hippopotamuses are often seen basking on the banks or sleeping in the waters of rivers, lakes, and swamps next to grasslands. Hippos are well adapted to aquatic life. The ears, eyes, and nostrils are located high on the head so that the rest of the body may remain #012211
6 submerged. The ears and nostrils can be folded shut to keep out water. The body is so dense that they can walk underwater, where they can hold their breath for five minutes. Although often seen basking in the sun, hippos lose water rapidly through the skin and become dehydrated without periodic dips. They must also retreat to the water to keep cool, for they do
not sweat.
In most organizations there are both formal and informal information systems. Formal communication systems are the methods used to convey data necessary for conducting the business of the organization. Formal communications conform to rules and regulations prescribed by the profession or law (for example, formal reporting procedures for tracking #011879
7 injuries in the workplace). This is knowledge that flows within the chain of command or within task responsibilities. The message may be procedures to provide regular progress reports to managers. It may be scheduled meetings to exchange details on the status of a project. Human resources may arrange seminars to convey new policies and procedures. The
formal communication system makes sure necessary information flows through the organization and that dissemination of this information is controlled. Not everyone in an organization has access to progress reports or attends project meetings. Formal communication systems ensure that intelligence is available to those who need it and not to others.
Language comes so naturally to us that it is easy to forget what a strange and miraculous gift it is. All over the world members of our species fashion their breath into hisses and hums and squeaks and pops and listen to others do the same. We do this, of course, not only because we like the sounds but because details of the sounds contain information about the #03854
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intentions of the person making them. We humans are fitted with a means of sharing our ideas, in all their unfathomable vastness. When we listen to speech, we can be led to think thoughts that have never been thought before and that never would have occurred to us on our own.
Over sixty years after Amelia Earhart vanished mysteriously in the Pacific during her attempt to become the first person to circumnavigate the world along the equator, Linda Finch, a San Antonio businesswoman, accomplished pilot, and aviation historian, recreated and completed her idol's last flight as a tribute to the aviation pioneer's spirit and vision. On March #03157
17, 1997, Ms. Finch and a navigator took off from Oakland International Airport, California, in a restored Lockheed Electra 10E, the same make, and model aircraft that Earhart used on her last journey. The mission to fulfill Amelia Earhart's dream was called “World Flight 1997.” Although Ms. Finch was not the first to attempt Earhart's around-the-world journey, she was
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the first to do it in a historic airplane. Linda Finch closely followed the same route that Earhart flew, stopping in 18 countries before finishing the trip two and a half months later when she landed back at the Oakland Airport on May 28. Over a million school children and others were able to follow the flight daily through an interactive web site part of a free multimedia
educational program called “You Can Soar,” provided by the project's sponsor.
Mischel is the creator of the marshmallow test, one of the most famous experiments in the history of psychology, which is often cited as evidence of the importance of self-control. In the original test, which was administered at the Bing Nursery School, at Stanford, in the nineteen-sixties, Mischel's team would present a child with a treat (marshmallows were just one #06473
option) and tell her that she could either eat the one treat immediately or wait alone in the room for several minutes until the researcher returned, at which point she could have two treats. The promised treats were always visible and the child knew that all she had to do to stop the agonizing wait was ring a bell to call the experimenter back--although in that case ,
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she wouldn't get the second treat. The longer a child delayed gratification, Mischel found--that is, the longer she was able to wait--the better she would fare later in life at numerous measures of what we now call executive function. She would perform better academically, earn more money, and be healthier and happier. She would also be more likely to avoid a
number of negative outcomes, including jail time, obesity, and drug use.
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Even after thousands of years exploring Earth, we're still uncovering new things like an ancient 'superhighway' in the Guatemalan rain forest. Hidden beneath a thick layer of vegetation, the network of roads stretches over 150 miles and was most likely built by the Mayan empire some 2,000 years ago. The newly mapped roads are connected to the ruins of El Mirador #06555
11 (sometimes called the Kan Kingdom) in northern Guatemala. Archaeologists believe El Mirador was founded around the 6th century BCE, and was at its most powerful around the early first century CE. At that time, it had a population of as many as a quarter of a million, a quarter the size of Rome itself at the time. It also has some of the largest pyramids in the world. It
was the heart of the Mayan civilization, and naturally needed some major roadways. The roads of El Mirador have been known about since 1967, but scientists had no idea how extensive they were until now. The thick jungle obscured the remnants of the road, making it difficult to see from the air.
Steven Pinker, a cognitive psychologist best known for his book "The Language Instinct", has called music "auditory cheesecake, an exquisite confection crafted to tickle the sensitive spots of at least six of our mental faculties." If it vanished from our species, he said, "the rest of our lifestyle would be virtually unchanged." Others have argued that, on the contrary, #011925
12 music, along with art and literature, is part of what makes people human; its absence would have a brutalizing effect. Philip Ball, a British science writer and an avid music enthusiast, comes down somewhere in the middle. He says that music is ingrained in our auditory, cognitive and motor functions. We have a music instinct as much as a language instinct, and
could not rid ourselves of it if we tried.
13 Joseph Engelberger, a pioneer in industrial robotics, once remarked 'I can't define a robot but I know one when I see one'. If you consider all the different machines people call robots, you can see that it's nearly impossible to come up with a comprehensive definition. Everybody has a different idea of what constitutes a robot. #03863
When we are very concerned about certain of our physical features — a nose that is stubbornly a bit too large, eyes that are slightly too far {apart, hair that is not as lustrous as it should be — we miss an overall point about our relationship to our appearance: how beautiful we feel has nothing to do with the objective structure of our face or body. It isn’t what we look #07987
14 like that counts: it's how we feel inside. Our self-assessments are in the end solely based on our relative degrees of self-love and self-contempt. There are people of ideal proportions and exceptional beauty who cannot bear what they see in the mirror and others who can contemplate a less than svelte stomach or a no longer so supple kind of skin with indifference
and defiant good humor. And at a tragic extreme , there are heart-breakingly fine-looking people who starve themselves to ill-health.
Equally critical is the challenge of water security. The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) has pointed out that about one-third of the world's population lives in countries with moderate to high water stress, with a disproportionate impact on the poor. With current projected global population growth, the task of providing water for human sustenance will become #01712
15 increasingly difficult. And increasing competition over this scarce but vital resource may fuel instability and conflict within states as well as between states. The UN is doing a great deal in both areas to proactively foster collaboration among Member States. UNEP has long been actively addressing the water issue together with partner UN agencies and other
organisations. Looking ahead, the UN can do more to build synergies of technology, policy and capacity in this field. In this regard, events like the annual World Water Week in Stockholm come to the forefront of the public mind when talking about championing water issues.
The telescope will hover in a gravitationally stable spot known as Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 2, which will allow it to stay aligned with Earth as the planet orbits around the sun. Because JWST is primarily designed to observe infrared light, it's crucial to keep it protected from any heat or light that could drown out the faint signals of distant stars and planets. With the #07996
16 sunshield, it should only reach a maximum of 185 degrees Fahrenheit on the side exposed to solar rays; the opposite side, where the telescope's mirrors, detectors, and other delicate instruments live, will remain at a chilly -388 degrees Fahrenheit. The intriguing properties of the Lagrange Point ensure that JWST won't flip around and fry its sensors while the solar
panels and computers freeze. JWST should be ready to begin its primary scientific mission in gravitational six months. The $10 billion telescope is roughlyintended to last at least five years once its mission begins, and carries enough propellant to operate for a decade.
Since the beginning of the financial crisis, there have been two principal explanations for why so many banks made such disastrous decisions. The first is structural. Regulators did not regulate. Institutions failed to function as they should. Rules and guidelines were either inadequate or ignored. The second explanation is that Wall Street was incompetent, that the #011961
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traders and investors didn't know enough, that they made extravagant bets without understanding the consequences. These two factors combined, led to the crisis we witnessed in the financial sector.
In many areas of expertise ranging from music dance art and literature to sports chess mathematics science and foreign-language acquisition, there is abundant evidence that young people differ from one another in their attainments and in the apparent ease with which they achieve them. Even within a family, there may be marked differences for example a #06957
child who struggles at a musical instrument without much success may be overtaken by a younger sibling. It is widely believed that the likelihood of becoming exceptionally competent in certain fields depends on the presence or absence of inborn attributes variously labeled 'talents' or 'gifts' or less often 'natural aptitudes'. According to an informal British survey
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more than three-quarters of music educators who decide which young people are to receive instruction believe that children cannot do well unless they have special innate gifts (Davis 1994). The judgment that someone is talented is believed to help explain (as distinct from merely describing) that person's success It is also widely believed that the innate talent
that makes it possible for an individual to excel can be detected in early childhood.
In search of lessons to apply in our own careers, we often try to emulate what effective leaders do. Roger Martin says this focus is misplaced, because moves that work in one context may make little sense in another. A more productive, though more difficult, approach is to look at how such leaders think. After extensive interviews with more than 50 of them, the #02674
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author discovered that most are integrative thinkers -that is, they can hold in their heads two opposing ideas at once and then come up with a new idea that contains elements of each but is superior to both.
English has been changing throughout its lifetime and it's still changing today. For most of us, these changes are fine as long as they’re well and truly in the past. Paradoxically, we can be curious about word origins and the stories behind the structures we find in our language, but we experience a queasy distaste for any change that might be happening right under #03860
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our noses. There are even language critics who are convinced that English is dying, or if not dying at least being progressively damaged through long years of mistreatment.

Heat-related illnesses can occur when a person is exposed to high temperatures, such that their body cannot cool itself sufficiently through sweating. Symptoms range from mild swelling, rashes, or cramps to potentiallydeadly heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Any person can suffer from heat stress, regardless of age, sex, or health status. Older adults and children, #010454
21 however, have a higher-than-average risk of becoming ill due to exposure to extreme heat. People working outdoors, the socially isolatedand economically disadvantaged, those with chronic illnesses, and some communities of color are also especially vulnerable to heat. Unusually hot summer temperatures have become more common across the world in recent
decades, and extreme heat events (heat waves) are expected to become more frequent and more intensein the future. As a result, the risk of heat-related illness is expected to increase.
Everybody needs fresh water. Without water, people, animals and plants cannot live. Although a few plants and animals can make do with saltwater, all humans need a constant supply of fresh water if they are to stay fit and healthy. Of the total supply of water on the Earth, only about 3 percent of it is fresh, and most of that is stored as ice and snow at the poles, or is #02675
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so deep under the surface of the Earth that we cannot get to it. Despite so much of the water being out of reach, we still have a million cubic miles of it that we can use. That's about 4,300,000 cubic kilometers of freshwater to share out between most of the plants, animals and people on the planet.
Film is where art meets commerce. As Orson Welles said: "A painter just needs a brush and the writer just needs a pen, but the producer needs an army." And an army needs money. A producer is just like an entrepreneur, we raise money to make films. First we need to find an original idea or a book or a play and purchase the rights, then we need money to develop #01697
23 that idea often a reasonably small sum. Besides, to commission a writer for the screenplay isn't something you would want to gamble your own money on, so you find a partner. We are lucky here in the UK, as we have Film 4, BBC Films and the UK Film Council, all of these are good places to develop an idea. Producing in Britain is very different to producing in America
or even Europe because the economic dynamic is different.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF), headquartered in Washington, DC, is comprised of 189 member countries. The IMF works to foster global growth and economic stability by providing policy, advice, and financing to its members. It also works with developing nations to help them reduce poverty and achieve macroeconomic stability . It now plays a central role #010764
24 in the management of balance-of-payments difficulties and international financial crises. When the IMF was founded, its primary functions were to provide short-term capital to aid the balance of payments and to oversee fixed-exchange-rate arrangements between countries, thus helping national governments manage their exchange rates and prioritize
economic growth. This assistance was meant to prevent the spread of international economic crises. The IMF mission changed slightly after 1971, and floating currency exchange rates made it harder to predict the economic stability of a region. Today the IMF plays an active role in shaping and managing economic policy around the world.
Interior design is a professionally conducted, practice-based process of planning and realization of interior spaces and the elements within. Interior design is concerned with the function and operation of the aesthetics and its sustainability. The work of an interior designer draws upon many other disciplines, such as environmental psychology, architecture, #02672
product design and, aesthetics, in relation to a wide range of building spaces including hotels corporate and public spaces, schools, hospitals, private residences, shopping malls, restaurants, theaters and airport terminals. Interior design has suffered from an “identity crisis” that now shows signs of being overthrown. Compared disparagingly with architecture, it
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has actually been an integral part of many architectural practices for many years. Some consider that interior design is about being creative but not necessarily professional; a subject that lacks rigor and consistency. A growth in university-level educational provision and the development of professional associations over recent decade has altered this situation
dramatically.
One distinguishing feature of business is its economic character. In the world of business, we interact with each other not as family members, friends, or neighbors, but as buyers and sellers, employers and employees, and the like. Trading, for example, is often accompanied by hard bargaining, in which both sides conceal their full hand and perhaps engage in some #03897
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bluffing. And a skilled salesperson is well versed in the art of arousing a customer’s attention (sometimes by a bit of puffery) to clinch the sale. Still, there is an "ethics of trading" that prohibits the use of false or deceptive claims and tricks such as “bait-and-switch”advertising.
27 Fingerprints can provethat a suspect was actually at the scene of a crime. As long as a human entered a crime scene, there will be traces of DNA. DNA can help the police to identify an individual to crack a case. An institute in London can help preserve DNA and be used to match with the samples taken from the crime scenes. #011063
Economics is the study of choices. Though some believe that economics is driven purely by money or capital, the choice is much more expansive. If the study of economics is the study of how people choose to use their resources, analysts must also consider all of their possible resources, of which money is but one. In practice, resources can encompass everything #010450
28 from time to knowledge and property to tools. As such, economics helps illustrate how people interact within the market to realize their diverse goals. Beyond defining what these resources are, the concept of scarcity is also an important consideration. These resources — no matter how broad the category — are limited, which is the source of tension in the choices
people and society make: Their decisions are a result of the constant tug of war between unlimited wants and desires and limited resources.
Now, one tech startup wants to take wearables to another market: cows. The company’s “mooON” device goes around the animal’s leg, and tracks their activity levels. When cows are sick, they move less, and when they are ovulating, they move more. Stellapps combines information from the step trackers with data that farmers and vets enter into a smartphone #010447
29 app, which issues reminders for routine protocols such as vaccinations and artificial insemination. Healthier cows produce more milk, and by tracking and better managing their animals, so farmers can increase yields . In India, Stellapps uses an ultrasonic analyzer to measure the nutritional content of the milk. At the unit, volume sensors monitor the milk to
prevent it from being watered down or stolen, says Mukundan. From there, the milk is taken to a processing plant to be pasteurized and packaged, or converted into products like cheese or yogurt.
From the earliest civilisations, plants and animals have been portrayed as a means of understanding and recording the potential uses, such as their economic and healing properties. From the first illustrated catalogue of medicinal plants, De Materia Medica by Dioscorides, in the first century through to the late fourteenth century the illustration of plants and #07986
animals changed very little. Woodcuts in instructional manuals and herbals were often repeatedly copied over the centuries, resulting in a loss of definition and accuracy so that they became little more than stylized decoration. With the growing popularity of copperplate engravings, the traditional use of woodcuts declined and the representation of plants and
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animals became more accurate. Then, with the emergence of artists such as Albrecht Durer and Leonardo Da Vinci, naturalists such as Otto Brunfels, Leonhard Fuchs in botany and Conrad Gesner and Ulisse Aldrovandi in zoology, nature began to be depicted in a more realistic style. Individual living plants or animals were observed directly and their likeness
rendered onto paper or vellum .

Robert Sampson’s impressive study of Chicago’s neighborhoods offers an alternative analytical approach to telling the story of the twenty-first-century city. By blending historical, qualitative, and quantitative accounts, Sampson offers a portrait of Chicago that is pixelated by neighborhoods offering varying opportunities and barriers to their residents. This isn’t so #04476
31 much a study of the triumph of the city in the twenty-first century but a rich exploration of the varying rates of different parts of the city and how scholars might begin understanding this variation. For Sampson, the effects of Chicago’s growth are dispersed differentially, so gauging the city’s success depends greatly on the vantage point from where the question is
asked. In this account, the city may have successfully created a strategy to manage urban growth, even as the distribution of that success varies widely across the city.
32 Children have sound sleep patterns. They can successfully sleep for 8-9 hours and get up at a fixed time. But teenagers don’t. Their need of early start to schools or other schedules can influence. #03861
To learn the speech of alchemy, an early form of chemistry in which people attempted to turn metals into gold, it helps to think back to a time when there was no science: no atomic number or weight, no periodic chart, no list of elements. To the alchemists, the universe was not made of leptons, bosons, gluons, and quarks. Instead, it was made of substances, and one #06723
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substance-say, walnut oil could be just as pure as another-say, silver-even though modern scientists would say one is heterogeneous and the other homogeneous. Without knowledge of atomic structures, how would it be possible to tell elements from compounds?
When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it's amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive #07545
them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don' t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they
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were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or
bearbaiting.
Over the last ten thousand years there seem to have been two separate and conflicting building sentiments throughout the history of towns and cities. One is the desire to start again, for a variety of reasons: an earthquake or a tidal wave may have demolished the settlement, or fire destroyed it, or the new city marks a new political beginning. The other can be #02671
35 likened to the effect of a magnet: established settlements attract people, who tend to come whether or not there is any planning for their arrival. The clash between these two sentiments is evident in every established city unless its development has been almost completely accidental or is lost in history. Incidentally, many settlements have been planned from the
beginning but, for a variety of reasons, no settlement followed the plan. A good example is Currowan, on the Clyde River in New South Wales, which was surveyed in the second half of the 19th century, in expectation that people would come to establish agriculture and a small port. But no one came.
Used in a variety of courses in various disciplines, Asking the Right Questions helps students bridge the gap between simply memorizing or blindly accepting information, and the greater challenge of critical analysis and synthesis. Specifically , this concise text teaches students to think critically by exploring the components of arguments — issues, conclusions, #010269
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reasons, evidence, assumptions, language — and on how to spot fallacies and manipulations and obstacles to critical thinking in both written and visual communication. It teaches them to respondto alternative points of view and develop a solid foundation for making personal choices about what to accept and what to reject.
New technologies are helping cities replace failing water infrastructure. Piping systems allow polymer-based materials to be inserted into old pipes to repair faults and reduce leaks without having to dig up and lay new pipes. When it comes to managing waste water, new systems are emerging , such as Advanced Immobilized Cell Reactor technology, which uses a #010266
37 system based on the immobilization of bacteria, reducing the power and land area needed for conventional waste water treatment systems. And companies have realized that much can be achieved by re-examining their products at the development stage. By designing items that can be more easily picked apart and that use fewer different materials in their
construction, companies can increase the recyclable content of what they produce, cutting waste and generating cost-savings by being able to re-use parts and materials.
Increasing the amount of sleep a person gets has been linked to eating fewer sugary foods, and making better nutritional choices. Wendy Hall, at King’s College London, and her team enlisted 42 volunteers to help them investigate the link between sleep and diet. Half the participants were given advice on how to get more sleep – such as avoiding caffeine before bed, #011860
38 establishing a relaxing routine , and trying not to go to bed too full or hungry. This advice was intended to help them boost the amount of sleep they each got by 90 minutes a night. The remaining 21 volunteers received no such advice. The team found that, of those who were given the advice, 86 per cent spent more time in bed, and around half slept for longer than
they used to. These extended sleep patterns were associated with an average reduction in the intake of free sugars of 10 grams a day. People who were getting more sleep also ate fewer carbohydrates. There were no significant changes in diet in the control group.
Both historically and currently, many businesses do not follow the marketing concept. For many years, companies such as Texas Instruments and Otis Elevator have followed a product orientation , in which the primary organizational focus is technology and innovation. All parts of these organizations invest heavily in building and showcasing impressive features #010464
39 and product advances, which are the areas in which these companies prefer to compete. This approach is also known as the product concept. Rather than focusing on a deep understanding of customer needs, these companies assume that a technically superioror less expensive product will sell itself. While this approach can be very profitable ,there is a high risk of
losing touch with what customers actually want. This leaves product-oriented companies vulnerable to more customer-oriented competitors.
According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium #09211
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technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.

Progressive enhancement is a design practice based on the idea that instead of designing for the least capable browser, or mangling our code to make a site look the same in every browser, we should provide a core set of functionality and information to all users, and then progressively enhance the appearance and behavior of the site for users of more capable #03852
41 browsers. It's very productive development practice. Instead of spending hours working out how to add drop shadows to the borders of an element in every browser, we simply use the standards-based approach for browsers that support it and don't even attempt to implement it in browsers that don't. After all, the users of older and less capable browsers won’t
know what they are missing. The biggest challenge to progressive enhancement is the belief among developers and clients that websites should look the same in every browser. As a developer, you can simplify your life and dedicate your time to more interesting challenges if you let go of this outdated notion and embrace progressive enhancement.
The company hired an outside researcher to help the company understand what they might be missing about milkshakes. This researcher spent time in a restaurant observing and documentingmilkshake sales, as well as talking to milkshake buyers about why they had made their product choice. A couple of key insights emerged about milkshake buyers. First and #010460
42 somewhat surprising, 40 percent of milkshake sales took place early in the morning, and the buyers were commuters on their way to work. Second, the ideal milkshake for these customers was thick and substantialbut easy to consume during a commute. Third, another key buyer audience was parents purchasing a treat for children, but the ideal milkshake for
them was a thinner product children can drink quickly with a straw.
There are soon to be 8 billion of us and counting. Yet while the world’s population is still growing fast overall, in many countries, the numbers are declining or will do soon. The population of China will begin to fall soon and could halve by 2100. India’s will peak around 2050. And the US population would fall from the 2030s if not for immigration. So there are two distinct #011847
43 issues to deal with: rapid population growth in some nations and population declines in others. Many see limiting population growth as vital for tackling various environmental catastrophes unfolding around the world, as we report on in our article “What will a population of 8 billion people mean for us and the planet?” Yet for wealthy Westerners to call for lower-
income countries to control their populations simply in the name of protecting nature is hypocritical in the extreme, given that the rich have vastly larger environmental footprints. What’s more, there is often more than a whiff of racism to such calls.
Undoubtedly, the use of chemicals has improved human welfare and helped to accelerate the process of development. There have, however, been a series of side effects that have had a serious impact on the wildlife population. One of the very first widespread consequences of chemical use to come to public attention was in relation to pesticides. In the year #04472
44 following the second war, the use of farm chemicals exploded. They were used to control various kinds of agricultural pests, and it seemed that the range of new miracle applications could boost yields, increase farmer's incomes and consequently make food cheaper for consumers. The potential for increasing food production in countries with rapidly expanding
population seems vast. But as time went by, it became clear that there was a high cost attached to the use of chemicals
Doughnuts are particularly difficult to resist – and now we know why. A study of how our brains respond to food has found that treats that are high in both carbs and fats trigger a super-charged amount of activity in our brain’s reward center. Dana Small at Yale University and colleagues scanned the brain activity of hungry volunteers as they were shown images of #011872
45 foods that were either high in carbohydrate, such as candy, high in fat, such as cheese, or high in both, such as doughnuts. After the scans, the volunteers were asked to bid money in a competitive auction for the food they wanted to have for a snack. Compared to food containing just carbs or fat, the team found that foods high in both of these together provoked far
more activity in the brain’s striatum – a region involved in reward that releases the feel-good chemical dopamine. The volunteers were also willing to pay more for the snacks that were high in both carbs and fat, despite all the food items having the same calorific value.
This is a challenging time for UK students, and we should be making their transition from university to the globalized world easier, not harder. The British Academy has voiced its concern over the growing language deficit for some years, and the gloomy statistics speak for themselves. We need decisive action if we are remedying this worsening situation. The roots of #02679
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the problem lie within schools, but Vice-Chancellors have the power to drive change and help their students recognize the importance of learning languages, and about the countries where they are spoken and the cultures they sustain. We urge them to act and protect this country's long term economic, social and cultural standing.
Decision Science is a multidisciplinary field of study that focuses on the processes, methods, and motivations behind decision-making. The Decision Science Research Network on SSRN is an open access server that provides a venue for authors to showcase their research papers in our digital library, speeding up the dissemination and providing the scholarly #07993
community access to groundbreaking working papers and early stage research. With an increased focus on the capacity to capture, store, and access data, decision science has become a critical tool in analyzing large quantities of information to reveal optimal choices. While significantly informed by the cognitive and behavioral sciences, the application of
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decision science draws together qualitative and quantitative frameworks that provide insights into decision-making in business, computer science, public health, environmental science, engineering, economics and finance, and systems of governance and the law. Its concentration on the transformation of data into actionable knowledge for decision-making
makes scholarship in decision science highly collaborative.
"Most people think success comes from surrounding yourself with others that are like you," says Johansson. "But true success and breakthrough innovation involves discomfort. Discomfort pushes you to grow . This is where difference of experience, opinion, and perspective come in. Diversity is a well-documented pathway to unlocking new opportunities , #07611
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overcoming new challenges, and gaining new insights ."
Opportunity cost incorporates the notion of scarcity: No matter what we do, there is always a trade-off. We must trade off one thing for another because resources are limited and can be used in different ways. By acquiring something, we use up resources that could have been used to acquire something else. The notion of opportunity cost allows us to measure this #01617
trade-off. In most decisions we choose from several alternatives. For example, if you spend an hour studying for an economics exam, you have one fewer hour to pursue other activities. To determine the opportunity cost of an activity, we look at what you consider the best of these "other" activities. For example, suppose the alternatives to studying economics are
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studying for a history exam or working in a job that pays $10 per hour. If you consider studying for history a better use of your time than working, then the opportunity cost of studying economics is the four extra points you could have received on a history exam if you studied history instead of economics. Alternatively, if working is the best alternative, the
opportunity cost of studying economics is the $10 you could have earned instead.
Although it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fractures. Now a team of researchers has devised a light bulb that is not only much more energy-efficient -- #07605
50 it is also expected to typicallylast longer than the devices into which it is inserted. Moreover, the lamp could be used for rear-projection televisions as well as general illumination. The trick to a longer life, for light bulbs at least, is to ensure that the lamp has no electrodes. Although electrodes are undeniably convenient or plugging bulbs fail the lighting system, they
are also the main reasons why lamps {6}.

This summer, 41 UBC alumni and friends participated in expeditions to the Canadian Arctic and the legendary Northwest Passage. Presentations, conversations and learning accompanied their exploration of the great outdoors aboard the Russian-flagged Akademik Ioffe, designed and built in Finland as a scientific research vessel in 1989. Her bridge was open to #03896
51 passengers virtually 24 hours a day. Experts on board presented on topics including climate change, wildlife, Inuit culture and history, and early European explorers. UBC professor Michael Byers presented on the issue of Arctic sovereignty, a growing cause of debate as ice melts, new shipping routes open, and natural resources become accessible. Recommended
pre-trip reading was late UBC alumnus Pierre Bertons book, The Arctic Grail.
Since the dawn of civilization, music has been an integrated part of a child's education, as everyone has realized the potential that sounds have in shaping the mind of a young pupil. In most countries in the world today, music lessons are still offered in schools as part of the basic curricula, along with sports and drawing. The Ancient Greeks recognized the #04501
52 importance of all these activities being performed alongside mathematics and physics because they complemented each other. Indeed, a new scientific study now comes to prove just that. Researchers at Ohio State University in the US have reviewed the behavior of children, mostly in high-schools, who have been exposed to music lessons either early in life, or
throughout their school years. Investigators Darby E. Southgate, MA, and Vincent Roscigno, PhD, both from OSU, have discovered that the presence of music in teens' education has a significant impact on their abilities to understand complicated concepts from math or physics.
Bhutan is the last standing Buddhist Kingdom in the World and, until recently, has preserved much of their culture since the 17th century by avoiding globalization and staying isolated from the world. dance has played an important role in many musicals. In some cases, dance numbers are included as an excuse to add to the color and spectacle of the show, but #011844
dance is more effective when it forms an integral part of the plot. An early example is Richard Rodgers On Your Toes(1936) in which the story about classical ballet meeting the world of jazz enabled dance to be introduced in a way that enhances, rather than interrupts the drama. The process of measuring GNH began when Bhutan opened to globalization. It measures
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people's quality of life, and makes sure that 'material and spiritual development happen together.' Bhutan has done an amazing Job of finding this balance. Bhutan has continually been ranked as the happiest country in all of Asia, and the eighth Happiest Country in the world according to a global survey. In 2007 Bhutan had the second fastest growing GDP in the
world, at the same time as maintaining their environment and cultural identity."
When potatoes are stored in a warm & bright place, the tubers detect that they might be in a suitable growing location and prepare to sprout. Chlorophyll production increases, which slowly tints the peel, and eventually some of the flesh, green. While chlorophyll is a harmless chemical, its presence in potatoes indicates that the tubers have also increased their #011855
production of a glycoalkaloid known as solanine. Solanine protects potatoes and other plants in the family Solanaceae from herbivory and serves to preserve the sprouting spud from hungry animal mouths. Solanine is considered a neurotoxin, and ingestion by humans can cause nausea and headaches and can lead to serious neurological problems and even
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death if enough is consumed. A recent study suggested that a 16-oz (450-gram) fully green potato is enough to make a small adult ill. Cooking does not destroy the solanine toxin, so the green parts of potatoes should be removed entirely. Green potatoes should especially not be served to children, whose smaller smaller bodies make them more susceptible to
poisoning.
In our studies, those people on a higher protein diet lost the same amount of weight as those on the higher carbohydrate diet. This is because the two diets offered an equal amount of kilojoules and the same amount of fat. However, body composition (that is, the ratio of fat to muscle) showed greater improvement among those people on the higher protein diet. #04504
When the participants in our studies were allowed to eat until they were no longer hungry, those on the higher protein diet lost more weight than those on the higher carbohydrate diet, even after more than a year. The reduction in hunger and the beneficial effect on muscle provided by the higher protein diet is mostly related to its protein content, while the
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enhanced fat loss seems to be related to its lower amounts of carbohydrate. The diet is healthy because its protein comes from lean red meat, fish, chicken and low-fat dairy products, all of which provide good nutrition. A high-protein diet in which the protein comes from protein powders and supplements is unlikely to be healthy unless the supplements are fortified
with vitamins and minerals.
56 Under nutrition and related diseases kill between 15 and 18 million people a year, the majority are children. At least 500 million are chronically hungry. The tragic paradox of massive suffering amid global plenty traces in part to widespread poverty, which denies access to food even where it piles high in village market. #02558
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both #07596
57 sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but
our instincts remain basically unchanged .The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence has taught us absolutely nothing.
Climate change is impacting human lives and health in a variety of ways. It threatens the essential ingredients of good health – clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food supply and safe shelter – and has the potential to underminedecades of progress in global health. Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 #010945
58 additional deaths per year from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress alone. Areas with weak health infrastructure – mostly in developing countries – will be the least able to cope without assistance to prepare and respond. Greenhouse gas emissions that result from the extraction and burning of fossil fuels are major contributorsto both climate change
and air pollution. Many policies and individual measures have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and produce major health co-benefits, particularly by abating air pollution. The phase out of polluting energy system could both lower carbon emissions and cut the burden of household and ambient air pollution.
It is women, more than men, who are disproportionately more vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This is not only because women perform up to 90 % of the agricultural work on farms, but also because of other challengesthey face: they often have less access to opportunities and decision-making power than men. This increases their vulnerability to climate #010276
59 change and deprives them of their ability to manage its impacts. In Honduras, 2.2 million women live in rural areas. With limited access to resources, knowledge, and technical assistance, many of them have not been able to live up to their capacities and fully achieve their dreams. “Even though there are several actors and institutions supporting rural women in the
region, their interventions are not fully aligned”, states Ruiz.
Eco-anxiety is already causing people to lose sleep over climate change. Now, a global study has found that a warming planet is also affecting how long people sleep, and the problem will get significantly worse this century even if humanity manages to rein in its carbon emissions. Our measurements of the impact of above-average night temperatures on sleep #011867
60 have previously been limited by being confined to single countries, lab studies or notoriously unreliable self-reporting of sleep. To glean a better real-world picture, Kelton Minor at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, took data from sleep-tracking wristbands used by 48,000 people in 68 countries between 2015 and 2017. He and his colleagues then paired the
sleep data with local weather data, revealing that unusually hot nights are causing people to fall asleep later, rise earlier and sleep less.

Many parents want their children to grow up with a love of reading. However, recent research has shown that children nowadays spend far more of their time using their phones or computers than reading books. Of course, technology brings children many advantages, but books are as important as computers. For instance, when children read storybooks, they #06184
61 imagine the characters and practice their language skills, too. Many British schools run an event called World Book Day. This event aims to promote reading to pupils using various fun activities. Some pupils come to school in costumes inspired by their favorite book. Other schools organize World Book Day activities where pupils create music, art or plays about
books. But it's also important for children to read at home, too. At the moment, very few parents spend time reading with their children regularly. Unfortunately, this means that these children are missing an opportunity to develop the reading habit at an early age.
62 There is a need to disclose business emissions. The data can be used to test which company causes climate change. From that fact, the government campaigners and environmental invigilators can decide whether to tax them heavily for the ecological footprints they left on the environment. #04464
Gunpowder and fireworks might have been invented independently in Europe, but they probably reached Europe via the Mongols, who spread west from China as far as central Europe by the mid-13th century. In 1267, the English monk Roger Bacon recorded seeing what were very likely firecrackers, which he compared with the flash of lightning and growl of thunder. #06472
In 1377 fireworks accompanied a religious mystery play by the bishop's palace in Vicenza, and were soon used to add sparks to figures of doves, representing the Holy Spirit, or angels, made to ascend and descend from the heavens on ropes. By the 15th century, rockets were being used in Europe for military and peaceful purposes. Italian and Spanish cities, in
63 particular, began to use fireworks for outdoor celebrations. The Italian metallurgist Vannoccio Biringuccio described festivities in Florence and Siena for feast days. These included 'girandoles' or whirling decorated wheels packed with fireworks which were suspended from a rope hung across a street or square. Fireworks were also used in the German lands. An
elaborate colour-painted book commemorates the Schembart carnival of Nuremberg, which saw men dressed in brightly-coloured costumes parading through the town. Often these included some kind of pyrotechnics. One image shows a man wearing a hat in the form of a castle with fireworks and smoke shooting up from the towers, and interestingly, what looks
like a smoking artichoke.
Among the biggest threats to all species of bears is habitat loss, especially from logging, agriculture, and growing human populations. Habitat loss reducesthe amount of area bears have to hunt and means they’re increasingly coming into contact with humans, which can lead to human-wildlife conflict. Bears are killed out of concern for human safety or in #08509
64 retaliation for hunting livestock or crop-raiding. Some species of bears, including Asiatic black bears and sun bears, are also threatened by the illegal wildlife trade. Bear bile, which is produced in the gall bladder, is an important ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. Asiatic black bears and sun bears may be poached for their gall bladders, paws, skins, and
other parts. Sometimes American black bears are also targeted for the same reasons. Climate change is also a significant threat, especially to polar bears. They depend on finding seals on sea ice for their meals, and they’ll often pass the summer months without eating while they wait for ice to solidify.
Companies are struggling to compete in the market due to the availability of different types of competitors with those competitors providing similar products or substitution products. In addition, consumers nowadays are becoming more critical in term of their needs and wants. Therefore , the competition is getting harder day after day. Moreover, with so much #07999
variety of products and services, companies have to give more attention on getting the required competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is about how the company is trying to compete in the market. Therefore, it is the determination of the benefits that the company is going to be able to deliver for its consumers while others are not. However, some studies
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have identified some factors that may effect on the competitive advantage of companies such as the provided quality, cost reduction, delivering time, innovation , and flexibility to do changes on products or services whenever it is needed. Accordingly, selling the product or service with lower price than the competitors or selling products or services with higher
quality than others' products and services will create a good competitive advantage for the company.
Over weeks and months, malnutrition can result in specific diseases, like anemia when people don't get enough iron or beriberi if they don't get adequate thiamine. A severe lack of food for a prolonged period — not enough calories of any sort to keep up with the body's energy needs — is starvation. The body's reserve resources are depleted . The result is substantial #08507
weight loss, wasting away of the body's tissues and eventually death. When faced with starvation, the body fights back. The first day without food is a lot like the overnight fast between dinner one night and breakfast the next morning. Energy levels are low but pickup with a morning meal. Within days, faced with nothing to eat, the body begins feeding on itself.
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Metabolism slows; the body cannot regulate its temperature; kidney function is impaired and the immune system weakens . When the body uses its reserves to provide basic energy needs, it can no longer supply necessary nutrients to vital organs and tissues. The heart, lungs, ovaries and testes shrink. Muscles shrink and people feel weak. Body temperature drops
and people can feel chilled. People can become irritable, and they become difficult to concentrate.
A good story may be given a bad title by its author, and so started toward failure. Novices are peculiarly liable to this fault, usually through allowing themselves to be too easily satisfied. They go to infinite pains to make the story itself fresh and individual, and then cap it with a commonplace phrase that is worse than no title at all. A good title is apt, specific, #03616
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attractive, new, and short. A title is apt if it is an outgrowth of the plot?a text, as l have said. It stands definitely for that particular story, and gives a suggestion of what is to come?but only a suggestion, lest it should anticipate the denouement and so satisfy the curiosity of the reader 1200 soon.
There are soon to be 8 billion of us and counting. Yet while the world’s population is still growing fast overall, in many countries, the numbers are declining or will do soon. The population of China will begin to fall soon and could halve by 2100. India’s will peak around 2050. And the US population would fall from the 2030s if not for immigration. So there are two distinct #011848
68 issues to deal with: rapid population growth in some nations and population declines in others. Many see limiting population growth as vital for tackling various environmental catastrophes unfolding around the world, as we report on in our article “What will a population of 8 billion people mean for us and the planet?” Yet for wealthy Westerners to call for lower-
income countries to control their populations simply in the name of protecting nature is hypocritical in the extreme, given that the rich have vastly larger environmental footprints. What’s more, there is often more than a whiff of racism to such calls.
A rainbow is most often viewed as a circular arc in the sky. An observer on the ground observes a half-circle of color with red being the color perceived on the outside or top of the bow. Those who are fortunate enough to have seen a rainbow from an airplane in the sky may know that a rainbow can actually be a complete circle. Observers on the ground only view the #07591
69 top half of the circle since the bottom half of the circular arc is prevented by the presence of the ground. Yet observers in an airborne plane can often look both upward and downward to view the complete circular bow. The circle results because there are a collection of suspended droplets in the atmosphere that are capable of concentrating the dispersed light at
angles of deviation of 40-42 degrees relative to the original path of light from the sun. These droplets actually form a circular arc, with each droplet within the arc dispersing light and reflecting it back towards the observer.
Climate change is impacting human lives and health in a variety of ways. It threatens the essential ingredients of good health – clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food supply and safe shelter – and has the potential to undermine decades of progress in global health. Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 #010802
70 additional deaths per year from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stress alone. Areas with weak health infrastructure – mostly in developing countries – will be the least able to cope without assistance to prepare and respond. Greenhouse gas emissions that result from the extraction and burning of fossil fuels are majorcontributors to both climate change
and air pollution. Many policies and individual measures have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and produce major health co-benefits, particularly by abating air pollution. The phase out of polluting energy system could both lower carbon emissions and cut the burden of household and ambient air pollution.

71 With the advances of the military, the demand for armed force is decreasing. This has opened more positions to women, including work in the military, provided they work behind the front line of war. #04465
I, for example, am a cyclist and a motorist. I fasten my seatbelt when I drive and wear a helmet on my bike to reduce the risk of injury. I am convinced that these are prudent safety measures. I have persuaded many friends to wear helmets on the grounds that transplant surgeons call those without helmets, "donors on wheels." But a book on 'Risk' by my colleague #01782
John Adams has made me re-examine my convictions Adams has completely undermined my confidence in these apparently sensible precautions. What he has persuasively argued, particularly in relation to seat belts, is that the evidence that they do what they are supposed to do is very suspect. This is in spite of numerous claims that seatbelts save many
72 thousands of lives every year. Between 1970 and 1978 countries in which the wearing of seat belts is compulsory had on average about five percent road accident death than before the introduction of the United Kingdom road deaths decreased steadily about seven thousand a year. In 1972 to Just over our in 1989. There is no evidence in the trend for any effect of the
seat belt law that was introduced in 1983. There is actually evidence that the number of cyclists and pedestals killed increased by about ten percent. That twice as many children were killed in road accidents in 1922 as now must not be taken as evidence that there is less risk when children play in the street today. It almost certainly reflects the care taken by parents
in keeping children off the streets.
Paraphrasing is often defined as putting a passage from an author into your own words. However, what are your own words? How different must your paraphrase be from the original? The answer is it should be considerably different. The whole point of paraphrasing is to show you have read and understood another person's ideas, and can summarise them in your #05726
73 own writing style rather than borrowing their phrases. If you just change a few words, or add some bits of your own to an otherwise reproduced passage, you will probably be penalised for plagiarism. You should aim to condense and simplify a writer's ideas and describe them using different sentence structures and expressions. It is also important to credit the
original writer by referencing.
The general perception is that children are surrounded by a variety of musical experiences. There are often fewer and fewer opportunities for children to actively engage in music-making themselves. They are inundated with music emitting from a wide array of electronic devices, toys, and computers offering a limitless number of musical selections. However, #05483
74 much of the music in children's lives is 'unchosen', in other words, they are passive recipients in much of the music in their lives, and not actively engaged in its selection. They experience background music in computer games, cartoons, TV shows, films, on iPads, radios, and ringtones. They listen to music choices of their parents or siblings, and even the schools they
attend often play music before the school day begins or in classrooms while students are working. Studies are being conducted on the effects of the ubiquitous pre-recorded music they encounter and whether or not it is intruding on their desire to make their own music or interact with each other on the playground.
In this role, due to their working heritage, Border Collies are very demanding, playful, and energetic. They thrive best in households that can provide them with plenty of play and exercise, either with humans or other dogs. Due to their demanding personalities and need for mental stimulation and exercise, many Border Collies develop problematic behaviors in #09159
households that are not able to provide for their needs. They are infamous for chewing holes in walls and furniture, and destructive scraping and hole digging, due to boredom. Border Collies may exhibit a strong desire to herd, a trait they may show with small children, cats, and other dogs. The breed's herding trait has been deliberately encouraged, as it was in the
75 dogs from which the Border Collie was developed, by selective breeding for many generations. However, being eminently trainable, they can live amicably with other pets if given proper socialization training. The American Border Collie Association recommends that potential owners, before taking on the breed as a household pet, should be sure they can provide
regular exercise commensurate with the collie's high energy and prodigious stamina. A working collie may run many miles a day, using its experience, personality and intelligence to control challenging livestock. These dogs will become distressed and frustrated if left in isolation, ignored or inactive. Like many working breeds, Border Collies can be motion-sensitive
and may chase moving vehicles and bicycles, but this behavior can be modified by training. Some of the more difficult behaviors require patience, as they are developmental and may disappear as the dog matures.”
When pain lasts for three months or longer, it is classified as chronic, a condition that affects more than 30 per cent of the world’s population. Chronic pain was long believed to be a stubborn version of acute pain – which passes in less than three months once the damage is healed – and it was treated in much the same way. Yet an increasing body of research has #010768
76 led doctors to believe that chronic pain should be treated as a disease in its own right, rather than an enduring symptom of tissue damage or physical trauma. This could have major implications for the treatment of lasting pain, together with the way we prescribe addictive opioids. Recent research has revealed that in some people, chronic pain is a problem with
the brain. An injury can lead to pain that persists after the tissue has recovered because the brain has rewired itself and learned to send pain signals, despite there no longer being a reason. Known as central sensitization, it is as if the volume has been turned up on pain.
Don't expect a straightforward answer from Chanan Tigay about the authenticity or even the existence of what was promoted as the earliest version of the fifth and final book of the Jewish Torah, known to Christians as the Book of Deuteronomy in the Old Testament. As an author who spent years trying to unravel a juicy mystery and get it down on paper, Tigay #07613
77 wants you to read his book, "The Lost Book of Moses: The Hunt for the World's Oldest Bible," to find the answer. But at a talk on Wednesday, the writer, journalist, and fellow offered listeners an enticing peek, describing how he landed on the story of the mysterious manuscript and about his years trying to track down the document. From the author's description, it was
a wild, Indiana Jones-type ride that included a competition to find the relic, false starts, dead ends, trips to faraway places, and an ultimate breakthrough close to home.
The father's role in society has changed during the last 20 years, with a trend towards acceptance of a nurturant father who is more involved in child care responsibilities. With the birth of a child, father-child issues may resurface from the family in which the father was born and raised. The healthy, adjusted father is able to put these issues in perspective and #07607
78 resolve them. Thus, bitterness, hostility, or resentment from the family of origin does not spill into the immediate family. While fathers contribute to their own psychosocial development, they also have an important impact on their children from infancy through adulthood. One researcher concludes that fathers who are more involved in infant care giving have
infants with greater cognitive development at one year of age than fathers who are less involved in infant care giving. Infants can distinguish fathers from other adults early.
It seems we live in a bizarre universe. One of the greatest mysteries in the whole of science is the prospect that 75% of the Universe is made up from a mysterious substance known as ' Dark Energy', which causes an acceleration of the cosmic expansion. Since a further 21% of the Universe is made up from invisible ‘Cold Dark Matter' hat can only be detected through its #03895
79 gravitational effects, the ordinary atomic matter making up the rest is apparently only 4% of the total cosmic budget. These discoveries require a shift in our perception as great as that made after Copernicus' revelation that the Earth moves around the Sun. This lecture will start by reviewing the chequered history of Dark Energy, not only since Einstein' s proposal
for a similar entity in 1917, but by tracing the concept back to Newton' s ideas. This lecture will summarize the current evidence for Dark Energy and future surveys in which UCL is heavily involved: the ' Dark Energy Survey', the Hubble Space Telescope and the proposed Euclid space mission.
Some 66 million years ago, a meteor crashed into the coast of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, marking the end of the age of dinosaurs. It was a mass extinction event and it was devastating . A mass extinction is a short period of geological time in which a high percentage of biodiversity, or distinct species dies out. Unlike previous extinction events that were caused by #010952
naturalphenomena, the sixth mass extinction is driven by human activity. The biggest driver of destruction is how we use the land and the sea. This includes the conversion of land cover such as forests and other natural habitats for agricultural and urban use. And agricultural expansion is the main driver behind deforestation, with animal farming being a
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particular driver of forest degradation and forest biodiversity loss. The natural world is also affected by the climate crisis. Species and ecosystems around the world, especially the most vulnerable ones, are affected by the rise of greenhouse gas emissions. Mankind’s emissions of greenhouse gases are warming up the atmosphere and subsequently, everything on
Earth.

Formed two million years ago when low-density salt was pushed up through the much harder materials surrounding it, the Cardona Salt Mountain is one of the largest domes of its kind in the world, and unique in Europe. While small amounts of other minerals pervade the savory hill, the salt pile would have a near translucent quality if not for the thin layer of reddish #03166
81 clay coating the exterior. The significance of the mountain was recognized as early as the middle ages when Romans began exploiting the mountain for its salt, which began to bolster the young Caledonian economy. With the invention of industrial mining techniques, mine was built into the side of the mountain and a thriving facility formed at its base as
excavators dragged enormous amounts of potash (water-soluble) salt from the innards of the hill. In addition to the mineral export, the locals of Cardona began making salt sculptures to sell and invented a number of hard, salty pastries unique to the area.
As the new year begins, a numberof popular electric vehicles, specifically some Tesla and General Motors models, could be eligible for $7,500 worth of tax credits they weren’t eligible for in 2022. That’s because limitations on new tax credits enacted in August as part of the Inflation Reduction Act won’t be put into force all at once, the Treasury Department announced #010446
82 this week. That means the rules will, temporarily, be more generous, allowing higher tax credits on more electric vehicles, for the first few months of the new year. Essentially, the tax rules are designed to incentivize automakers to make their electric vehicles and all the parts of those vehicles, as much as possible, in the United States, or in countries with which the US
has trade agreements. They’re also designed so tax credits don’t go to wealthy Americans buying expensive luxury vehicles. The latest announcement, which will temporarily open up more tax credit money, is likely mostly a good thing for consumers.
A common way for marketers to think about consumer behavior today is as a set of activities a person goes through in order to solve problems. This problem-solving process is triggered when a consumer identifies some unmet need. For instance, a family consumesall of the milk in the house, or a birthday party is coming up and a gift is needed, or a soccer team is #010458
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planning an end-of-season picnic. Each buying scenariopresents a problem the buyer must solve. These problems can involve two types of needs: physical (such as a need for milk, a birthday gift, or picnic food) or psychological (for example, the need to feel secure, the need to be loved, or the need to have fun).
Although a plethora of issues might result in drainage problems at present, certain situations have been witnessed which are more typical than the others. The primary reason behind crawl spaces and inundated basements is that it is not possible to drain the water away from the residence appropriately. Most of the time, the reason for this happens to be the #07548
84 gutters. Either the spigots have become excessively blocked or they are not pointed away from the house as needed, and the water is not following the appropriate route and is getting accumulated in locations around the base, resulting in structural as well as landscape damage. It has also been observed that several types of individuals require drainage solutions
after completing a new landscaping venture. It is very important to grade your backyard, and even landscapers forget regarding this every now and then. Therefore, if you are thinking of beautifying your garden, always keep in mind to grade away from your residence!
How can you get your business to reduce waste and help the environment, yet at the same time reduce costs and increase customer satisfaction? It sounds like a dream, but it’s undoubtedly possible through joining the circular economy in both discrete and process manufacturing. The circular economy is a system that looks to eliminate waste and the continual #011859
use of resources. As opposed to a traditional linear economy in which we make, consume, and throw away, moving circular is all about creating a circle where we design out waste and pollution by keeping products and materials in use for as long as possible and finding ways to create new resources from what we discard. With the circular economy, we’re
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extracting the maximum value from products while in use, then recover and regenerate products and materials at the end of each service life. The circular economy puts a big focus on services, maintenance, and refurbishment of assets. However, as resources become more and more scarce, manufacturers and distributors in the circular economy are introducing
additional value-added services.
Let’s be honest: saving and investing may be necessary, but they often can feel like a chore. Both become a lot more rewarding, however, when you think of them as more than just spreading your money across different investment categories, such as stocks and bonds, to fund a seemingly far-off, no-guarantees future. Benz encourages everyone to focus on what #010503
86 she calls your “time on earth” allocation. That is, think about what is important to you and what you really want to spend more of your time doing -- not just in retirement but today and in the foreseeable future. Setting up your finances to support that goal can transformsaving and investing from fulfilling an obligation to creating a financial freedom fund for
yourself. Here are three key ways to get started: Figure out how you are allocating your income between spending and investing. “How are you deploying your income stream? Are you making smart decisions to deploy that capital across your financial opportunities?” Benz said.
The world's atmosphere is forever on the move. The wind is air in motion. Sometimes air moves slowly, giving a gentle breeze. At other times it moves rapidly creating gales and hurricanes. Gentle or fierce, the wind always starts in the same way. As the sun moves through the sky, it heats up some parts of the sea and land more than others. The air above these hot #04499
87 spots is warmed, becomes lighter than the surrounding air, and begins to rise. Elsewhere, cool air sinks, because it's heavier. Winds blow because- air squeezed out by sinking, cold air is sucked in under rising, warm air. Winds will blow wherever there is a difference in air temperature and pressure, always flowing from high to low pressure. Some winds blow in one
place and have a local name North America’s chinook and France’s mistral. Others are part of a huge circulation pattern that sends winds over the entire globe.
Disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in both urban and rural areas in many developed and developing countries. Municipal solid waste (MSW) collection and disposal is one of the major problems of urban environment in most countries worldwide today. MSW management solutions must be financially sustainable ,technically feasible, #07543
socially, legally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Solid waste management issue is the biggest challenge to the authorities of both small and large cities¡¯. Valorization of food organic waste is one of the important current research areas. The conventional landfill, incineration, composting, and ways of handling solid wastes are common as mature
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technologies for waste disposal. Traditionally, the most commonly used technologies for the treatment and valorization of the organic fraction of MSW are composting and anaerobic digestion (AD). The generation of organic solid waste (OSW) worldwide is dramatically increasing each year. Most of the OSW¡¯s are composed of agricultural waste, household food
waste, human and animal wastes, etc. They are normally handled as animal feed, incinerated or disposed to landfill sites.
In animals, movement is coordinated by a cluster of neurons in the spinal cord called the Central Pattern Generator (CPG). This produces signals that drive muscles to contract rhythmically in a way that produces running or walking, depending on the pattern of pulses. A simple signal from the brain instructs the CPG to switch between different modes , such as #04117
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going from a standstill to walking.
Considerations of a practical nature give us the most reliable possible grounds for a belief that human desires, feelings, etc., are homogeneous and communicable. The fact is that we all have back of us many millions of years of evolutionary history in the same general environment. In the past, with relatively minor variations, the same influences have played upon #06644
our ancestors from the beginnings of life on our planet. And then, we are born into the same society, and it has given us, not, to be sure, the power of reaction, but certainly all of our most essential stimuli. Further, we do get along in society. We laugh together, and we play together, we share each other's sorrows, we love and hate each other, in a way that would be
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wholly impossible if we did not in practice assume the correctness of our 'inferences' about one another's motives and desires. And the fact that these 'inferences' are in the main correct is the one thing that makes social life possible. We can, and do, understand one another's motives, desires, wants, emotions. We can, and do, consistently communicate our feelings
to one another.

No one in Parliament would know better than Peter Garrett what largesse copyright can confer so it may seem right that he should announce a royalty for artists, amounting to 5 percent of all sales after the original one, which can go on giving to their families for as much as 150 years. But that ignores the truth that copyright law is a scandal, recently exacerbated by #01721
91 the Free Trade Agreement with the US which required the extension of copyright to 70 years after death. Is it scandalous that really valuable copyrights end up in the ownership of corporations (although Agatha Christie's no-doubt worthy great-grandchildren are still reaping the benefits of West End success for her Whodunnits and members of the Garrick Club
enjoy the continuing fruits of A.A. Milne's Christopher Robin books)? No. The scandals are that peasants politicians have been attempting to appear cultured by creating private assets which depend on an act of Parliament for their existence and by giving away much more in value than any public benefit could justify. In doing so, they have betrayed our trust.
Deception refers to the act of encouraging people to believe information that is not true. Lying is a common form of deception, stating something known to be untrue with the intent to deceive. While most people are generally honest, even those who subscribe to honesty engage in deception sometimes. Studies show that the average person lies several times a day. #08510
92 Some of those lies are big (‘I’ve never cheated on you!’) but more often, they are little white lies (‘That dress looks fine’) deployed to avoid uncomfortable situations or spare someone's feelings. Trust is the bedrock of social life at all levels, from romance and parenting to national government. Deception always undermines it. Because truth is so essential to the
human enterprise, which relies on a shared view of reality, the default assumption most people have is that others are truthful in their communications and dealings. Most cultures have powerful social sanctions against lying.
93 English is the world's language. Such dominance has its downside, of course. There are now about 6,800 languages left in the world, compared with perhaps twice that number back at the dawn of agriculture. Thanks in part to the rise of über-languages, most importantly English, the remaining languages are now dying at the rate of about one a fortnight. #01696
Nissan will overhaul the inspection process for its Japan-destined vehicles for the first time in decades as the carmaker seeks to address a widening inspectionscandal that has forced it to suspend production for the domestic market. The company said on Thursday that unauthorized workers had been certifying vehicles set for sale in the Japanese market, even #09115
94 after the company announced the recall of nearly 1.2m cars earlier this month over the same issue. With investors increasingly concerned about Japan Inc’s adherence to standards — concerns that were most recently inflamed by the Kobe Steel data falsification scandal — the news pushed Nissan shares down 1.6 per cent on Friday, and also weighed on the prices
of its suppliers. HirotoSaikawa, Nissan’s chief executive, pledged “drastic measures” to deal with the problem, namely the suspension of vehicle production for the home market at all six factories in Japan run by the company and its affiliate, Nissan Shatai.
Traditionally, the analysis of music is a solitary activity, completed by individual theorists, performers or conductors before their interpretation is disseminated through writing, presentation or performance. A similar model is often used for teaching analysis: students are given the context in which a piece was composed, taught the most appropriate analytical #04488
approaches and then asked to complete their analysis on their own, usually outside of class time as a homework assignment. However, recent research into cognitive science has found that students learn better in a group than individually, coining the concept “collective general intelligence” to describe a group’s ability to perform better on complex tasks such as
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solving puzzles, making moral judgments, and brainstorming. In education fields, this concept has been applied to “peer learning” in which students learn from other students by participating in communal activities, discussions, and tasks and this has also been shown to be the result of more effective learning than the traditional solitary method of learning. These
more active and collaborative forms of learning and able to better conceptual understanding and long term knowledge retention because students are placed at the center of their own learning.
The headset, manufactured by Epson in partnership with the Royal National Theatre, is heavier than normal reading glasses but much lighter than bulky virtual reality headsets like the Oculus Rift. The lenses look like a typical pair of glasses, but they fit inside a large gray casing that sits on the sides of your head. When you look through the glasses, closed captions #010444
96 scroll across the bottom of the augmented reality lenses. A handheld keypad is attached to the glasses via cable to allow each user to customize the color, size and position of the closed captions. Here’s how it works: The script from an opening-night production is fed into speech software, which follows the performance and adjusts the captions accordingly. This
process is refined using sound, video and lighting cues. Some hard of hearing users wear it so they can read lips at the same time as reading the captions. The technology has been successfully used in US movie theaters, but the Royal National Theatre’s challenges are greater because their performances are live.
There has been increased research interest in the use of active video games (in which players physically interact with images on the screen) as a means to promote physical activity in children. The aim of this review was to assess active video games as a means of increasing energy expenditure and physical activity behavior in children. Studies were obtained from #04120
computerized searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases. The last search was conducted in December 2008. Eleven studies focused on the quantification of the energy cost associated with playing active video games, and eight studies focused on the utility of active video games as an intervention to increase physical activity in children. Compared
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with traditional non-active video games, active video games elicited greater energy expenditure, which was similar in intensity to mild to moderate-intensity physical activity. The intervention studies indicate that active video games may have the potential to increase free-living physical activity and improve body composition in children; however,
methodological limitations prevent definitive conclusions. Future research should focus on larger, methodologically sound intervention trials to provide definitive answers as to whether this technology is effective in promoting long-term physical activity in children.
Most groups of animals have their specialist feeders adapted to a very limited type of food. Among reptiles, perhaps the most extraordinary is an African egg-eating snake. Many snakes eat eggs as part of a varied diet but the egg eater eats exclusively egg. Small eggs, especially a soft-shelled once laid by lizards and some other snakes, are easy to eat, as they can #04479
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be quickly opened by the snake’s teeth. Larger, hard-shelled eggs such as those laid by birds need special treatment. However, some type of egg-eating snake eats only birds’ eggs which they swallow whole as they have few teeth. They have tooth-like spines that stick down from the backbone and crack open the egg as it passes down the snake’s throat.
Water temperature is an important physical property of every river and stream. Many plants, animals, and other organisms living in streams can flourish only in a specific range of water temperatures. Temperature can affect certain aspects of water quality. For example, higher temperatures reduce levels of dissolved oxygen in the water, which can negatively #010499
99 affect the growth and productivity of aquatic life. Persistently warmer temperatures in streams can accelerate natural chemical reactions and release excess nutrients into the water. Temperatures can vary naturally along the length of a stream, from cold temperatures near a source of meltwater to higher temperatures near its outlet to the sea. The temperature
at any given point is a product of many different factors, including sources of water, the amount of water in the stream, air temperature, plants along the bank, and the amount of development within the watershed. Over time, however, an area’s climate has the strongest natural influence on a stream’s temperature.
You may have heard that you can get water from a cactus if you are ever lost and dehydrated in a desert. Does it sound like a nice survival tip to store away, but is it really that easy? It turns out that a cactus is not actually a spine-covered basin of fresh water. Such a plant would not last long in an arid habitat filled with thirsty animals. Water is truly a precious #011854
100 resource in a desert, so, in addition to their intimidating spines, most cactus species further protect their spongy flesh with acids and potent alkaloids. These chemicals are usually too acrid for most humans to tolerate and are taxing on the kidneys if ingested. The flesh of some cactus species can also cause vomiting, diarrhea, or temporary paralysis — none of
which is conducive to your survival in an emergency situation. Cactus fruits are a better bet, though many are also unpalatable if eaten raw.

Philosophy for Children is designed to help children become more willing and able to question, reason, construct arguments and collaborate. Dialogues are based around a concept such as ‘truth’, ‘fairness’ or ‘bullying’. In a typical lesson, pupils and teachers sit together in a circle and the teacher begins by presenting a stimulus such as a video clip, image or #04494
101 newspaper article to provoke pupils’ interest. This is generally followed by some silent thinking time before the class splits into groups to think of questions that interest them. A certain question with philosophical potential is then selected by the group to stimulate a whole-class discussion. These discussions are supported by activities to develop children’s skills in
reasoning and their understanding of concepts.
Since nutrition scientists are constantly making new discoveries, we need to revise our recommendations for healthy eating from time to time. However, nutrition is an art as well as a science . It's an art because it requires creativity to develop a healthy eating plan for people who differ in their food preferences, beliefs and culture, let alone in their nutritional needs #03849
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according to their genes and life stage. As we discover more about how our genes and our environment interact, it's becoming increasingly difficult to provide a single set of dietary recommendations that will be suitable for everyone.
Coconut crabs spend most of their lives on land, but they start out in the ocean. On the new moon, a female coconut crab deposits larvae (which she's been carrying around in her abdomen since they were just fertilized eggs) into the ocean, and the babies float around in the currents for a month or so before dropping to the seafloor and finding nice, cozy snail shells #07592
103 to move into. Just like your childhood hermit crab friend, young coconut crabs move in and out of shells as they bulk up and get used to living on land. Sometimes a juvenile coconut crab will use a coconut husk or empty sea shell as armor until its own shell gets harder. After about a year, the teens of the species eventually find there are no shells left on the beach
large enough to accommodate their bulk, so they move out altogether. From here on out, they live the rest of their lives out of the water -- coconut crabs will drown if totally submerged.
Alcohol is a toxic and psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties. In many of today's societies, alcoholic beverages are a routine part of the social landscape for many in the population. This is particularly true for those in social environments with high visibility and societal influence, nationally and internationally, where it often plays a role in #011882
104 socializing. In this context, it is easy to overlook or discount the health and social damage caused or contributed to by such behavior. Overall, harmful use of alcohol is responsible for 5.1% of the global burden of disease. Harmful use of alcohol is accountable for 7.1% and 2.2% of the global burden of disease for males and females respectively. Excessive use is the
leading risk factor for premature mortality and disability among those aged 15 to 49 years, accounting for 10% of all deaths in this age group.
Psychology changed dramatically during the early 20th-century as another school of thought known as behaviorism rose to dominance. Behaviorism was a major change from previous theoretical perspectives, rejecting the emphasis on both the conscious and unconscious mind. Instead, behaviorism strove to make psychology a more scientific discipline by #08515
105 focusing purely on observable behavior. Behaviorism had its earliest start with the work of a Russian physiologist named Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov demonstrated that this learning process could be used to make an association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. An American psychologist named John B. Watson soon became one of
the strongest advocates of behaviorism. Initially outlining the basic principles of this new school of thought in his 1913 paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, Watson later went on to offer a definition in his classic book "Behaviorism" (1924), writing: "Behaviorism that holds the subject matter of human psychology is the behavior of the human being".
In an attempt to lure new students, leading business schools - including Harvard, Stanford, the University of Chicago and Wharton - have moved away from the unofficial missions and prerequisite of four years' work experience and instead have set their sights on recent college graduates and so-called "early career" professionals with only a couple years of work #01752
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under their belt.
107 No two siblings are the same, not even identical twins. Parents often puzzle about why their children are so different from one another. They’ ll say, I brought them up all the same. They forget that what determines our behaviour isn't what happens to us but how we interpret what happens to us, and no two people ever see anything in exactly the same way. #03862
Digital media and the internet have made the sharing of texts, music and images easier than ever, and the enforcement of copyright restriction harder. This situation has encouraged the growth of IP law, and promptedincreased industrial concentration on extending and 'policing' IP protection, while also leading to the growth of an 'open access', or 'creative #010467
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commons' movement which challenges such control of knowledge and creativity .
Distance learning can be highly beneficial to a large variety of people from young students wanting to expand their horizons to adults looking for more job security, with programs that allow learners of all ages to take courses for fun, personal advancement and degrees, distance learning can meet the needs of a diverse population. Perhaps one of the most notable #03855
109 and often talked about advantages of distance learning is the flexibility the majority of programs allow students to learn when and where it's convenient for them. For those who are struggling to balance their distance learning goals with working a fulltime job and taking care of a family this kind of flexibility can allow many people to pursue education who would
not otherwise be able to do so. Since there are no on-campus courses to attend, students can learn from their own homes, at work on their lunch breaks and from virtually anywhere with internet access. For some it can even be a big source of savings on the fuel costs and time required to commute to classes.
Crime is an integral part of everyday life. It is a prominent feature in the news and is a popular subject for frictional portrayal. Most students commencing legal studies will have some experience of crime, whether directly, as a victim of crime or indirectly through exposure to media coverage. This means that most offenses covered on the syllabus, such as murder, #03856
110 theft and rape will be familiar terms. This tends to give students the impression that they know more about criminal law than they do about other subjects on the syllabus. This can be a real disadvantage in terms of the academic study of criminal law because it tends to lead students to rely on preconceived notions of the nature and scope of the offenses and to
reach instinctive, but often legally inaccurate, conclusions. It is absolutely essential to success in criminal law that you put aside any prior knowledge of the offenses and focus on the principles of law derived from statutes and cases. by doing this, you will soon appreciate just how much difference there is between everyday conceptions of crime and its actuality.

April 13th, 2006 as the world charges into the future of technology. It has created a better day. Bringing new, astonishing technological advances our society runs the risk of becoming not only Washington Irving’s headless horseman but the heartless. Horseman as well as eating. Also, technological miles with litter or no reflection as to why we moving so fast or even #04496
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where we are going. But both the head and the heart urgent reflection and deeply feel connection about the meanings of the galloping changes are available in all sorts of venus not least in the endeavors that are collectively known as the humanities.
DNA is a molecule that does two things. First, it acts as the hereditary material, which is passed down from generation to generation. Second, it directs, to a considerable extent, the construction of our bodies, telling our cells what kinds of molecules to make and guiding our development from a single-celled zygote to a fully formed adult. These two things are of #03161
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course connected. The DNA sequences that construct the best bodies are more likely to get passed down to the next generation because well-constructed bodies are more likely to survive and thus to reproduce. This is Darwin's theory of natural selection stated in the language of DNA.
Animal collective behavior reveals itself in often-mesmerizing visual displays of swarming insects, flocks of birds in flight, and schools of fish pulsating underwater as a single unit. Now, researchers report they've found a possible reason for a peculiar of collective behavior from fish shoals in sulfur springs in Mexico: deterring predators. Behavioral ecologist Juliane #07994
113 Lukas explains to The Scientist that sulfur mollies gather in large shoals at the surface of the low-oxygen springs to avoid hypoxia. There, they're displayripe for the picking by predators such as kingfishers, kiskadees, and other birds. When presented with a threatening stimulus, these 'carpets of fish', as Lukas describes them, repeatedly disturb the water in a wave-
like fashion by diving down for a few seconds, triggering their neighbors to mimic their diving behavior. Lukas and her colleagues decided to investigate why.
114 Climate is the word we use for weather over a long period of time. The desert has a dry climate because there is very little rain. The UK has a ‘temperate climate’ which means winters are, overall, mild and, summers generally, don’t get too hot. #03853
There comes a time in a desert ant's life when a piece of food is too large to ignore, but too heavy to lift, and the only way to get it home is to adopt a new style of walking. The long-legged and speedy Cataglyphis fortis normally covers ground with a three-legged stride that moves two legs forwards on one side, and one on the other. For the next step, the insect #07024
mirrors the move with its other three legs. But recordings of ants in the Tunisian desert reveal that when faced with oversized lumps of food 10 times their own weight, the forward 'tripod' walking style is abandoned . Unable to lift the morsels in their mandibles, the ants drag the food backwards instead, moving all six legs independently. 'This is the first time we have
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seen this in any ants,' said lead author Sarah Pfeffer at the University of Ulm in Germany. The ants' long legs already help keep their bodies away from the scorching desert floor and enable them to speed around at up to 60 cm per second. 'Think of Usain Bolt, who has very long legs compared to body size. The desert floor is also very hot, so the further away their
bodies are from the surface, the better,' said co-author Matthias Wittlinger. The ants have also evolved to function at body temperatures of 50 °C in a desert where temperatures can soar to 70 °C. 'They're basically just trying to get out of the heat,' he added.
A few summers ago | visited two dairy farms, Huls Farm and Gardar Farm, which despite being located thousands of miles apart were still remarkably similar in their strengths and vulnerabilities. Both were by far the largest, most prosperous, most technologically advanced farms in their respective districts. In particular, each was centred around a magnificent #01714
state-of-the-art barn for sheltering and milking cows. Those structures, both neatly divided into opposite-facing rows of cow stalls, dwarfed all other barns in the district. Both farms let their cows graze outdoors in lush pastures during the summer, produced their hay to harvest in the late summer for feeding the cows through the winter, and increased their
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production of summer fodder and winter hay by irrigating their fields. The two farms were similar in an area (a few square miles) and barn size, Huls barn holding somewhat more cows than Gardar barn (200 vs. 165 cows, respectively). The owners of both farms were viewed as leaders of their respective societies. Both owners were deeply religious. Both farms were
located in gorgeous natural settings that attract tourists from afar, with backdrops of high snow-capped mountains drained by streams teaming with fish, and sloping down to a famous river (below Huls Farm) or ordinary (below Gardar Farm).
UMN's ALCs features large circular tables that seat nine students and can accommodate laptop computers for collaborative work. Typically, students bring their own computers to class and use the building's ubiquitous wireless capability. The classrooms are designed to facilitate hands-on activities and problems that require students to interact with each other #05570
117 to reach a solution. Students can display their work on large LCD screens mounted around the room to promote small- and large-group discussions. Each table is allotted three gooseneck microphones so that students can make themselves heard without shouting during group discussions. Additionally, students can press a button on their table console to light a
signal lamp to indicate when they need help or wish to speak. To facilitate brainstorming and group reporting, the room is also lined with erasable marker-boards.
Thanks to their ability to hijack our most primal desires for connection, distraction and validation, smartphones have become some of the bestselling devices of all time. Apple have sold more than a billion iPhones since its launch in 2007. By one estimate, we spend an average of almost five hours a day staring at their little screens. The real figure is probably higher: #010272
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a team of British psychologists found that people tend to underestimate the time spent on their phones by about half, whole hours just evaporating in the fog.
Populations can change through three processes: fertility, mortality and migration. Fertility involves the number of children that women have and differs from fecundity (a woman's childbearing potential). Mortality involves the causes, consequences and measurement of processes affecting death in a population. Demographers most commonly study mortality #03619
119 using the Life Table, a statistical device which provides information about the mortality conditions (most notably the life expectancy) in the population. Migration refers to the movement of persons from an origin place to a destination place across some pre-defined political boundary. Migration researchers do not designate movements as migrations' unless they
are somewhat permanent. Thus demographers do not consider tourists and travelers to be migrating. While demographers who study migration typically do so through census data on place of residence, indirect sources of data including tax forms and labor force surveys.
First, the scientific community that studies climate change is quietly panic-stricken, because things are moving much faster than they expected. Greenhouse gas emissions are going up faster than predicted both from industrializing countries in Asia and from melting permafrost in Siberia and Canada. The Arctic Sea ice is melting so fast that the whole ocean may #010271
120 be ice-free in late summer in five years' time. Most climate scientists now see last year's report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, whose forecasts are used by most governments for planning purposes, as a purely historical document. Second, the biggest early impact of global warming will be on the food supply, both locally and globally. When the
global average temperature hits one and a half degrees hotter - and it will, the carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere commitsus to that much warming - some countries will no longer be able to feed their people. Others, further from the equator, will still have enough food for themselves, but none to spare.

When it comes to low-cost housing, architects are hardly ever involved .About 98% of the market is built without architects and the result is usually rows of clones of a building, regardless of whether they are practical for an area or not. Developers alone, without the input of an architect, do not see the big picture needed to make housing part of a safe, vibrant #05569
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community. A little more thought could instantly improve community safety as well as lead to building houses that are both comfortable and cheap.
Just as young people used to spend unmonitored time playing with friends in the neighborhood, outside the periphery of adults, they are now engaging with each other in the cyberworld, 'talking' with each other, 'talking' to each other, and 'talking' about each other, often without adult or parental monitoring. While technology allows young people to connect in #07599
122 meaningful ways, such as the opportunity to share ideas, photos, videos, and more, the unsupervised nature of the cyberworld demands the need for guidance, guidelines, and social responsibility Cyberbullying can happen anywhere there is online social interaction. For example, some young people use social media, video games, texting, or anonymous apps to
bully other youth, post embarrassing pictures, share private information, or send threatening messages. Students can use their access to a large online audience to encourage their peers to join them in targeting someone with gossip, rumors , and untrue stories.
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The proportion of the world’s ocean defined as “death” containing such low levels of oxygen that very little

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Level 36, 1 Macquarie Place Sydney NSW 2000

Copyright © 2019 PTE Master. All rights reserved.

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