DNV-GL

The Calculation of The Cylinder’s Design

油缸计算书

Drawing Number:
图号:

Type of Cylinder:
油缸型号:

Jiangsu Hengli Hydraulic Co, Ltd

江苏恒立液压股份有限公司

The Calculation of The Cylinder’s Design

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 油缸计算书

Main technical parameter of cylinder

油缸主要参数：
(1) Inner diameter of the cylinder's barrel : Di= 450 mm
油缸缸筒内径
(2) Out diameter of the cylinder's barrel: Do= 525 mm
油缸缸筒外径
(3) Out diameter of the piston rod1 : do= 190 mm
活塞杆直径
(4) Inner diameter of the piston rod1 : di = 0 mm
活塞杆内孔径
(5) Stroke of the cylinder : S= 2500 mm
油缸行程
(6) Design pressure at bottom side : P1= 0 Mpa
油缸无杆腔设计压力
(7) Design pressure at rod side : P2= 32 Mpa
油缸有杆腔设计压力
(8) Pushing force under design conditions F1= 0 KN
油缸设计推力
(9) Pulling force under design conditions F2= 4182 KN
油缸设计拉力
(10) Test pressure at bottom side P1'= 0 Mpa
油缸无杆腔试验压力
(11) Test pressure at rod side P2'= 48 Mpa
油缸有杆腔试验压力

The Calculation of The Cylinder’s Design

油缸计算书

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Mechanical properties of materials：
油缸各部件选用的材料
σs-yield strength of material (材料的屈服强度)
σb-tensile strength of material (材料的抗拉强度)  s  b 
ns-safety coefficient of yield strength (屈服强度的安全系数): 1.7 
  min , 
nb-safety coefficient of tensile strength (抗拉强度的安全系数): 4  ns nb 
[σ]-the allowable stress of material except bolt material(材料的许用强度-螺栓材料除外)
NORMATIVE REFERENCES (参考标准)：
Hydraulic Cylinder／DNVGL-ST-0194, October, 2019

Hydraulic Cylinder for Lifting Appliance／ DNV Memo No. DTP375/PERO/261.1-J-47

Gas-loaded Accumulators for Fluid Power Applications／BS EN 14359:2006
(1) Material of the Barrel(缸筒材料）： Q690ND
σs= 650 Mpa σb= 730 Mpa [σ]= 270 Mpa

(2) Material of the Rod (活塞杆材料): 42CrMo

σs= 460 Mpa σb= 690 MPa [σ]= 256 Mpa

(3) Material of the Piston (活塞材料): 42CrMo

σs= 460 Mpa σb= 690 MPa [σ]= 256 Mpa

(4) Material of the Guide bush (导向套材料): 42CrMo

σs= 390 Mpa σb= 590 MPa [σ]= 219 Mpa

(5) Material of the Bottom (缸底材料): Q690MD

σs= 650 Mpa σb= 730 MPa [σ]= 270 Mpa

(6) Material of the Rod end (杆头材料） 42CrMo

σs= 390 Mpa σb= 590 MPa [σ]= 219 Mpa

(7) Material of the Bottom eye (缸底耳环材料） 42CrMo

σs= 390 Mpa σb= 590 MPa [σ]= 219 Mpa
(8) Material of the Rod end Pin(杆头销轴材料） 42CrMo
σs= 460 Mpa σb= 690 MPa [σ]= 256 Mpa
The Calculation of The Cylinder’s Design
油缸计算书

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The wall thickness of barrel：
缸筒壁厚的计算
Parameter input(参数输入)
(1) Pmax-the maximum design pressure: Pmax= 32 MPa
油缸最高设计压力
(2) Di-inner diameter of the cylinder barrel: Di= 450 mm
油缸缸筒内径
(3) [σ]-the allowable stress of barrel’s material: [σ]= 270 Mpa
缸筒材料的许用强度
(4) e-Welding factor=1 for seamless pipes: e= 1
无缝钢管的焊接系数
(5) c-Corrosion allowance, usually 0.3+0.3mm: c= 0.6 mm
计入壁厚公差及腐蚀的附加厚度, 通常取0.3+0.3mm
Calculation (计算)
(1) δ'-required wall thickness of barrel: δ'= 28.9 mm
缸筒最小壁厚
Pmax  Di
 
'
c
2    e  P max
Safety margins(安全校核)
(1) Do-out diameter of the cylinder barrel: Do= 525 mm
油缸缸筒外径
(2) δ-the wall thickness of the barrel: δ= 37.5 mm
缸筒实际厚度
D0  Di

2
Conclusion: δ>δ', so it complies with the requirement. OK
结论: δ>δ', 实际厚度大于计算厚度,强度校核通过.

The Calculation of The Cylinder’s Design

油缸计算书

The thickness of cylinder's bottom

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缸底厚度的计算
Parameter input(参数输入)
(1) D2-the inner diameter of cylinder's bottom： D2= 450 mm
缸底孔径
(2) P1-design pressure at bottom side: P1= 0 Mpa
油缸无杆腔工作压力
(3) [σ]-the allowable stress of cylinder's bottom material: [σ]= 270 Mpa
缸底材料的许用强度
(4) K-a factor of depending on number of supports: K= 1.56
缸底支撑点系数
(5) C-a factor of depending on the metthod of supports: C= 0.32
缸底连接形式系数
(6) c-Corrosion allowance, usually 0.3+0.3mm: c= 0.6 mm
计入壁厚公差及腐蚀的附加厚度, 通常取0.3+0.3mm
Calculation(计算)
(1) δ1'-required wall thickness of cylinder's bottom: δ1'= 0.6 mm
缸底最小厚度

P1
 1'  KCD c
2
 
Safety margins(安全校核)
(1) δ1-the wall thickness of cylinder bottom: δ1= 232 mm
实际缸底厚度
Conclusion: δ1>δ1', so it complies with the requirement. OK
结论：δ1>δ1', 实际厚度大于计算厚度,强度校核通过.

The calculation of the cylinder’s design

油缸计算书

Bolts connection (Cylinder's barrel and Guide bush)

螺钉连接校核 (缸筒与导向套)

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Parameter input (参数输入)
(1) Pmax-the maximum design pressure (油缸最高设计压力) Pmax= 32 MPa
(2) Di-inner diameter of the cylinder barrel(缸筒内径) Di= 450 mm
(3) do'-nominal diameter of the bolts(螺钉连接的公称直径) do'= 64 mm
(4) LP-pitch of the bolts(螺距): LP= 6 mm
(5) n-number of engaged bolts(螺钉连接的啮合齿数): n= 16
(6) Z-number of bolts(螺纹数量) Z= 16
Calculation (计算)
(1) di'-the minor diameter of the thread(螺纹底径): di'= 57.5 mm
' '
d i  d 0  1.0825P
(2) di'-the pitch diameter of the thread(螺纹中径): dii'= 60.1 mm
'
dii'  d0  0.6495P
(3) L-full thread enagement length= n x LP(螺纹啮合长度): L= 96
(4) σn-shear stress in the thread: σsh= 35 Mpa
螺纹处的剪切应力
D i2  P max
 sh 
Z  2 L  d ii'
(4) σn-compress stress in the thread: σcomp= 32 Mpa
螺纹处的挤压应力
Di2  Pmax
 comp  2 2
Z  (d 0'  d i' )  n

Safety margins（安全校核）
(1) [σ]-allowed strength of the weakest material: [σ]= 270 Mpa
螺纹连接中强度较差材料的许用应力
Conclusion: 0.8[σ]>σsh and [σ]> σcomp, so it complies with the requirement.
结论: 0.8[σ]>σsh 且 [σ]> σcomp, 螺纹强度校核通过. OK

The calculation of the cylinder’s design

油缸计算书

Thickness of Barrel flange

缸筒法兰强度校核
parameter input（参数输入）

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(1) F1-force taken up by the flange (here pushing force)： F3= 8000 kN
法兰计算载荷(此处为设计推力)
(2) dcp-nominal average diameter of the seal: dcp= 620 mm
密封环平均直径
(3) D0-the bolt pitch circle diameter: D0 = 810 mm
螺钉分布圆直径
(4) [σ]-allowance stress of guide bush： [σ]= 219 Mpa
导向套许用应力

Calculation(计算)
(1) h-minimum thickness of Barrel flange h= 103.51 mm
缸筒法兰最小厚度

3  F1  1000  ( DO  d cp )
h
  [ ]  d cp
Safety margins（安全校核）
(2) h1-the thickness of flange h1= 480 mm
法兰实际厚度
conclusion: h1>h, so it complies with the requirement OK
结论：h1>h,实际厚度大于计算厚度，强度校核通过
The calculation of the cylinder’s design
油缸计算书

Threaded connection (Rod and Piston)

螺纹连接强度校核(活塞杆与活塞)
Parameter input (参数输入)
(1) P2-the design pressure on rod side(油缸有杆腔设计压力) P2= 32 MPa

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(2) Di-inner diameter of the cylinder barrel(缸筒内径): Di= 450 mm
(3) do-outer diameter of the rod(活塞杆直径): do= 190
(3) do'-nominal diameter of the threads(螺纹外径): do'= 280 mm
(4) LP-thread pitch(螺纹牙距): LP= 6 mm
(5) n-number of engaged threads(螺纹连接的啮合齿数): n= 27
Calculation (计算)
(1) di'-the minor diameter of the thread(螺纹底径): di'= 273.5 mm
' '
d i  d 0  1.0825P
(2) di'-the pitch diameter of the thread(螺纹中径): dii'= 276.1 mm
'
dii'  d0  0.6495P
(3) L-full thread enagement length= N X P(螺纹啮合长度): L= 162
(4) σn-shear stress in the thread: σsh= 60 Mpa
螺纹处的剪切应力
( D i2  d o2 )  P2
 sh 
2 L  d ii'
(4) σn-compress stress in the thread: σcomp= 55 Mpa
螺纹处的挤压应力
( Di2  d o2 )  P2
 comp  2 2
(d 0'  d i' )  n
Safety margins（安全校核）
(1) [σ]-allowed strength of the weakest material: [σ]= 256 Mpa
螺纹连接中强度较差材料的许用应力
Conclusion: 0.8[σ]>σsh and [σ]> σcomp, so it complies with the requirement.
结论: 0.8[σ]>σsh 且 [σ]> σcomp, 螺纹强度校核通过. OK

The calculation of the cylinder’s design

油缸计算书

Threaded connection (Rod and Rod end )

螺纹连接强度校核（活塞杆和杆头）
Parameter input (参数输入)
(1) P2-the design pressure on rod side(油缸有杆腔设计压力) P2= 32 MPa
(2) Di-inner diameter of the cylinder barrel(缸筒内径): Di= 450 mm

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(3) do-outer diameter of the rod(活塞杆直径): do= 190
(3) do'-nominal diameter of the threads(螺纹外径): do'= 280 mm
(4) LP-thread pitch(螺纹牙距): LP= 6 mm
(5) n-number of engaged threads(螺纹连接的啮合齿数): n= 32
Calculation (计算)
(1) di'-the minor diameter of the thread(螺纹底径): di'= 273.5 mm
' '
d i  d 0  1.0825P
(2) di'-the pitch diameter of the thread(螺纹中径): dii'= 276.1 mm
'
dii'  d0  0.6495P
(3) L-full thread enagement length= N X P(螺纹啮合长度): L= 192
(4) σn-shear stress in the thread: σsh= 50 Mpa
螺纹处的剪切应力
( D i2  d o2 )  P2
 sh 
2 L  d ii'
(4) σn-compress stress in the thread: σcomp= 46 Mpa
螺纹处的挤压应力
( Di2  d o2 )  P2
 comp  2 2
(d 0'  d i' )  n
Safety margins（安全校核）
(1) [σ]-allowed strength of the weakest material: [σ]= 219 Mpa
螺纹连接中强度较差材料的许用应力
Conclusion: 0.8[σ]>σsh and [σ]> σcomp, so it complies with the requirement.
结论: 0.8[σ]>σsh 且 [σ]> σcomp, 螺纹强度校核通过. OK

The Calculation of The Cylinder’s Design

油缸计算书

Tensile stress of Rod end eye by pulling force

杆头耳环的拉应力计算
Parameter input（参数输入）
(1) F2-cylinder pulling force+cylinder weight: F2= 4582 KN
油缸的拉力+油缸自重
(2) T-width of end eye: T= 340 mm

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 耳环的厚度
(3) Dy-outer diameter of end eye: Dy= 600 mm
耳环的外径
(4) dy-inner diameter of end eye (outside bearing): dy= 285 mm
耳环销孔内径(轴承的外径)
Calculation (计算)
(1) σ-tensile stress in the end eye: σ= 78 Mpa
耳环销孔的拉应力

F2 Dy2 Dy
  1
T  ( Dy  d y ) d y2 d y
Safety margins(安全校核)
(1) σs-yield strength of the eye material: σs= 390 Mpa
缸底耳环材料的屈服强度
Conclusion: σs>σ, so it complies with the requirement.
结论:σs>σ,缸底耳环销孔强度校核通过. OK

(2) σb-tensile strength of material σb= 590

杆头耳环材料的抗拉强度

Conclusion: σb/3>σ, so it complies with the requirement.

结论:σb/3>σ,缸底耳环销孔强度校核通过. OK

The Calculation of The Cylinder’s Design

油缸计算书

Tensile stress of Bottom eye by pulling force

缸底耳环的拉应力计算
Parameter input（参数输入）
(1) F2-cylinder pulling force F2= 4182 KN
油缸的拉力
(2) T-width of end eye: T= 328 mm
耳环的厚度

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(3) Dy-outer diameter of end eye: Dy= 580 mm
耳环的外径
(4) dy-inner diameter of end eye (outside bearing): dy= 285 mm
耳环销孔内径(轴承的外径)
Calculation (计算)
(1) σ-tensile stress in the end eye: σ= 76 Mpa
耳环销孔的拉应力

F2 Dy2 Dy
  1
T  ( Dy  d y ) d y2 d y
Safety margins(安全校核)
(1) σs-yield strength of the eye material: σs= 390 Mpa
耳环材料的屈服强度
Conclusion: σs>σ, so it complies with the requirement.
结论:σs>σ,耳环销孔强度校核通过. OK

(2) σb-tensile strength of material σb= 590

缸底耳环材料的抗拉强度

Conclusion: σb/4>σ, so it complies with the requirement.

结论:σb/4>σ,耳环销孔强度校核通过. OK

The Calculation of The Cylinder’s Design

油缸计算书

Calculation of welding stress (Cylinder's barrel and Bottom)

焊接应力计算(缸筒与缸底)
Parameter input(参数输入)
(1) Do-out diameter of the cylinder's barrel: Do= 525 mm
缸筒外径
(2) dw-inner diameter of welds: dw= 625 mm
焊缝底径
(3) Welding factor: η= 1

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 焊接系数
(4) Maximum force under design conditions: F2= 4182 KN
缸内最大力
Calculation (计算)
(1) σ-the stress of welds: σ= -46 Mpa
焊缝应力 F1


 ( D02  d w2 ) 
4
Safety margins(安全校核)
(1) [σ]-allowed strength of the welds material: [σ]= 270 Mpa
焊条的许用应力（取母材的许用应力）
Conclusion: [σ]>σ, so it complies with the requirement.
结论:[σ]>σ, 焊缝强度符合要求. OK

The calculation of the cylinder’s design

油缸计算书

External pressure calcualtion of barrel

外压计算
parameter input（参数输入）
(1) Pext-The required external design pressure： Pext= 26 MPa
外压压力
(2) Di-Inner diameter of the cylinder barrel : Di= 100 mm
受压缸筒内径
(3) Do-Out diameter of the cylinder barrel:
受压缸筒外径 Do= 114 mm
(4) R-The mean radius of a cylindrical ： Dd R= 53.50 mm
R
4
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 Dd
缸筒平均半径 R
4
(5) E-The value of the modulus of elasticity at the calculation temperature ： E= 206000 MPa
设计温度下的弹性模量
(6) L-Unsupported length of the shell： L= 4500 mm
未受支撑的缸体长度
(7) δ-the wall thickness of the barrel: D  Di ea= 7 mm
ea  o
缸筒实际厚度 2
(8) σe-the 0.2% proof strength at temperature T : σe= 150.0 Mpa
缸筒材料的屈服强度
(9) υ-Poisson's Ratio： υ= 0.3
泊松比
(10) ncyl-The number of circumferential waves for an unstiffened part of a cylinder
ncyl= 2
波形数目
Calculation(计算)
(1) Py-The pressure at which mean circumferential stress in a cylindrical： Py= 19.63 MPa
Py-平均周向应力达到屈服点时的应力  e * ea
Py 
R
(2) Pm-The pressure at which mean circumferential stress in a cylindrical： Pm= 126.85 MPa
Pm-完美圆柱体的理论弹性失稳压力 E * e *
Pm  a
R
(3)Z-Coefficient Z= 0.0374 mm
 *R
Z 
L
(4) ε-The mean elastic circumferential strain at collapse： ε= 4.7E-03
 
 
 2

 
1 1 ea2
  2
ncyl 1 Z 2
ncyl  1 
2
2 
Z  n 2

2

12 R 1  2
2 

 cyl 
2   Z 2  1 
  

(4) Pr/Py-Determined by following formula： Pm/Py= 6.46

Pm P
If  7, r  0.96
Py Py
3 2
P     
Else,
Pr
 0.0071*  m   0.5351*  Pm   0.1059 *  Pm   0.0029
Py P  P  P 
 y   y   y  Pr/Py= 0.96
0.95
(4) Pr-Determined by following formula： Pr= 18.62 MPa
Pm
Pr  * Py
Py

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(4) Ped-Maximum allowable work pressure（S=1.5,the safety factor： Ped= 12.41 MPa

Pr
Ped 
S

Safety margins（安全校核）
conclusion:Ped>Pext, so it complies with the requirement
结论：di'>d,螺纹强度校核通过 NG

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 The Calculation of The Cylinder’s Design
油缸计算书

Tensile stress of the seat eye by pulling force

卸扣座的拉应力计算
Parameter input（参数输入）
(1) F2-cylinder pulling force: F2= 5000 KN
油缸的拉力
(2) T-width of end eye: T= 250 mm
耳环的厚度
(3) Dy-outer diameter of end eye: Dy= 480 mm
耳环的外径
(4) dy-inner diameter of end eye (outside bearing): dy= 210 mm
耳环销孔内径(轴承的外径)
Calculation (计算)
(1) σ-tensile stress in the end eye: σ= 147 Mpa
耳环销孔的拉应力
F2 Dy2 Dy
  1
T  ( Dy  d y ) d y2 d y
Safety margins(安全校核)
(1) σs-yield strength of the eye material: σs= 219 Mpa
卸扣座材料的屈服强度
Conclusion: σs>σ, so it complies with the requirement.
结论:σs>σ,卸扣座销孔强度校核通过. OK

(2) σb-tensile strength of material σb= 590

卸扣座材料的抗拉强度

Conclusion: σb/4>σ, so it complies with the requirement.

结论:σb/4>σ,耳环销孔强度校核通过. OK

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焊接耳轴强度计算
（1）弯曲应力(B-B)

 2
F DK  PS
4
Dk  油缸缸筒内径， Dk  80 mm
Ps  油缸工作压力， Ps  21 Mpa
F= 耳轴上受到的力 F= 105.56 KN

F TL

M
 BB  BB
 2 2
W BB   TD 3
32
TL= 32 mm
TD= 38 mm
 B B   B B  156.76 Mpa
弯曲应力（B-B），

S
S BB 
 BB
S = 材料的屈服强度，  S = 345 Mpa
S B  B = 安全系数 S B  B= 2.2009

(2)弯曲应力（C-C）

F  TL Dk 
  TB   
M C C 2  2 4 
 C C  
WC C (UV  Dk )  BD 2
6
 F  TL Dk 
  TB   
M C C 2  2 4 
 C C  
WC C (UV  Dk )  BD 2
6
TB= 67.5 mm
UV= 135 mm
BD= 58 mm
 C C  108.68 Mpa

S
S C C 
 C C

S C C  安全系数 S C C  3.1743