Well operations

through the life of a well

Online webinar No ( 22)

TO : Reservoir Solution

Abbas Radhi Abbas

Chief Engineer
Iraq
26-7-2023
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Data acquisition
3. Integrity monitoring and repair
4. Water shut-off
5. Debris removal and sand control
6. Sidetrack and well Deeping
7. Tubing replacement
8. Flow assurance
9. Stimulation
10.Perforation
11.Using Artificial- lift
12.Convert well to injector
13.Abandonment
Introduction

What is the Oil Well ?

An oil well is a drill hole boring in
the Earth that is designed to bring
petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the
surface .

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Introduction

Well sketch

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Well Components

‘Christmas tree’

Tubing

Casing
Packers

Perforations

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Introduction

Well Classification

Trajectory Objective Environments

1.Vertical well 1. Exploration well 1.Onshore
2.deviated well 2. Appraisal well 2.Offshore
3.Horizontal well 3. Development well :
4.Multi- lateral  Producer
 Injector
 Water source

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Introduction

Well Classifications according to trajectory

Vertical Deviated Horizontal Multi- lateral

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Introduction

Well Classifications according to Environments

vs

Onshore Offshore
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Introduction

Well life cycle

1 2 3 4 5
Workover Abandonment

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Introduction

Well intervention:
An operation carried out on an oil or gas well to extend its
producing life by improving performance or providing access to
stranded or additional hydrocarbon reserves

Well life cycle :

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Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforation
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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1- Data Acquisition

Data acquisition : including any data get from well to help for :

 Build static model

 Build dynamic model
 Formation evaluation
 Workover operation
 Etc….

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1- Data Acquisition

What can get from wells :??

 Drilling core
 Sidewall core
 Mud logging
 Open hole logging
 Cased hole logging
 Seismic ( VSP , SWD)
 Fluid sample ( Normal sample & PVT sample
 Well test

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Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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2-Integrity monitoring and repair
Reason
Maintaining integrity of the
well is important some time :
• high pressure in annulus
because poor cement
• or casing damage or
tubing damage
Main Methods
1. for poor cement do
remedial .
2. for casing damage
should solve that by
many methods depend
on damage size .
3. for tubing damage can
replacing it .
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2-Integrity monitoring and repair

Casing Deformation

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2-Integrity monitoring and repair

Casing damage

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2-Integrity monitoring and repair

Example 1: production casing repair by ( internal casing patch )

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2-Integrity monitoring and repair

Example 2: production casing repair by ( External casing patch )

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Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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3-Water shut-off

Reasons for water

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3-Water shut-off

Many method using for water shut-off can do it rig less operation or by
work-over rig :
through tubing bridge plug

cement plug

Bridge plug

Blank pipe with two packers

WSO
gel squeeze

polymer squeeze

ICD , ICV
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‫‪3-Water shut-off‬‬

‫استباقية‬

‫رد فعل‬

‫‪23‬‬
3-Water shut-off

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3-Water shut-off

Water
Sand
2-Tubing leaks
3-Casing leaks
1-Packer leaks

Oil
Sand

Leaks types 25
3-Water shut-off

Method of Checking seal and leakage

Oxygen Activation

Method of checking
SNL
seal and leakage

ILT ( PLT)

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3-Water shut-off

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3-Water shut-off

Bridge

cement plug Bridge plug

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Case#3: Behind Casing Communication in a Producer

100%
Oil
water

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 Bad cement

Oil
100%

water

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3-Water shut-off

Blank pipe with two packers

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3-Water shut-off

Straddle Packers
Casing
Packer
Tubing
Isolated
perforations

Producing
perforations
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3-Water shut-off
Water control using ICD in vertical and horizontal well

( ICD)-vertical well ( ICD)-Horizontal well 33

Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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4-Debris removal and sand control

Opportunity Reason Main Methods

4- Debris Many wells fill up with Debris can be removed by slickline
removal and debris (perforating (bailing), which is slow. Coiled tubing
sand control debris, sand or chalk, and jointed pipe (hydraulic
corrosion products, workover unit) are more effective and
drilling materials, junk can incorporate mills and jetting.
and proppant). This Reverse circulation can be more
debris can cover effective than forward
production/injection circulation but requires the well to be
intervals. overbalanced
Remedial sand control is difficult;
techniques include sand consolidation,
insert screens and sidetracks (especially
with total screen failure).
Perforation
sand

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4-Debris removal and sand control

Sand control variations.

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Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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5-Sidetrack and well Deeping

Reason Main Methods

Completion sidetracks are to replace a 1-Pull out original string

failed reservoir completion and are often 2-Close the hole bottom by cement
located close to the existing wellbore 3-Use whipstock
Geological sidetracks move the wellboreto 4-Then go sidetrack
access new reserves

Sidetrack Deeping
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Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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6-Tubing replacement

Reason Main Methods

Replacing failed tubing Top hole workover (reservoir remains isolated)

or components. Different or full workover (entire completion pulled)
tubing sizes or adding Techniques include straight pull (e.g. above a
artificial lift may enhance tubing disconnect) or chemical/mechanical
performance cut. Packers may need to be milled.

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Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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7-Flow assurance

Reason Main Methods

The prevention of Prevention methods include inhibitor squeezes (bullheading, coiled
restrictions to flow tubing or jointed pipe) and batch treatments. Removal techniques
caused by scale, can involve bullheading or circulation of chemicals from
wax, surface (e.g. acids or hot oiling),
asphaltene, etc pipe operations ( jetting, washing,
milling, pulsation) or mechanical
removal with wireline (blasting,
cutting, reperforating).

scale wax Asphaltene Hydrate

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7-Flow assurance

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7-Flow assurance

scale Asphaltene

wax Hydrate

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Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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8-Stimulation

Reason Main Methods

Stimulation can be Most stimulations can be performed

performed during well
construction or post well
construction. Many
stimulations have to be
periodically repeated.
through tubing either by
bullheading or with coiled tubing.
Proppant fracturing

Sources of Formation Damage

1. Drilling
2. Workover
3. Cementing
4. Perforating Injection acid
5. Completion / Gravel Packing
6. Production
7. Injection
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8-Stimulation

Stimulation Technique
Technique Objective
Mechanical Methods
 Propped Hydraulic Fracturing Increase rw
 Explosive Fracturing Increase rw and k
 Under reaming Increase rw
 Re – and Additional perforating Increase h
Chemical Methods
 Matrix Acidsing Decrease S
 Tubing Acid Washes Improve well Outflow by
 Other Chemical Matrix Treatments (Surfactants, Solvents Removing Tubing Deposits
Mutual Solvent Etc.)
Increase k
Biological Methods
 Microbial Stimulation Mechanism Uncertain
Combined Mechanical / Chemical Methods
 Acid Fracturing Including Propped Acid – Fracturing Increase re
 Closed Fracture Acidizing Increase re
Thermal Methods
 Steam Soak Decrease µ
 Heat / Gas Generation From injected chemicals Decrease µ and Improve well
Outflow by increasing GOR
 Electrical Heating Decrease µ
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8-Stimulation

Matrix fluid selection chart depending formation damage type to be removed

Type Damage Symptom Cause Solution
oil wet Reduced oil production Corrosion inhibitors Oil based mud. Mutual Solvent / water wetting
formation surface
Water block Reduced gas production in low Increased new wellbore, water Surfactant / alcohol solution
permeability or depleted saturation Fluid loss during drilling/ injected with nitrogen
formations work over
Emulsion Viscous near wellbore Emulsion stabilized by surfactant or Inject mutual solvent / demulsifer
oil wet solids e.g. asphaltenes
Wax Deposit on tubing or in Oil cooled below cloud point Dissolve in heated oil / solvent or
formation disperse in surfactant solution
Mechanical removed (scraping)
Crystal growth inhibitor s
Asphaltene Deposit in facilities, tubing or in Pressure reduction (precipitation Mechanical removal dissolution
formation often starts near bubble point) and inhibition not very effective
Bacterial Slime Deposits (mainly in well ) and Bacterial infestation Bactericide prevents infestation
or Deposit corrosked Mechanical removed and oxidsing
agents (e.g. bleach, chlorine
dioxide removes deposits)

Sits and Clays Reduced well inflow Clay swelling and fines migration Clastics –dissolve damage with
HC/ HF Carbonates – HCI to
dissolve formation / bypass
damage
Inorganic Scale Deposit on well equipment or in Formation brines becoming super Mechanical removal in tubing
formation saturated due to T and P reduction or Inhibition (inject inhibitor in
mixing of incompatible brines tubing or squeeze
Into formation)
Dissolution (see table A-2) 48

Introduction to well intervention------------By : Abbas Radhi -march-2021

Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

49
9- perforation

Reason Main Methods

This can be to add new Most perforating, post well
completion intervals construction will be through
(e.g. identified from tubing (wireline or coiled
production logs) or to tubing/jointed pipe).
re-perforate existing
intervals that are
performing badly (poor
initial perforating, scaled
up, etc.)

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9- perforation

9-perforation

Rigless perforation Rig perforation

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1-Overbalanced Perforating

Completion fluid
in wellbore
Casing

Cement 2-Perforations can

be plugged with
Perforating debris in wellbore
gun
1-Pressure
controls well Oil or gas
during reservoir
completion
Pres< phyd > pres
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2-Underbalanced Perforating

Completion fluid
in wellbore
Casing

Cement 2-Perforations will

be clean from
Perforating surge in wellbore
gun
1-Well will be
‘live’ and need Oil or gas
control after reservoir
perforating
Pres> phyd < pres
Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforation
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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10-Using Artificial- lift

Artificial lift is required when reservoir pressure is not sufficient to lift

fluids to surface.
psurf
Psurf = surface pressure

Ph = hydrostatic pressure
The well:
ph
Flows if pwf > ph + psurf
Dies if ph + psurf > pwf

Pwf = flowing well pressure pwf

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10-Using Artificial- lift

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10-Using Artificial- lift

1 Sucker Rods
Pumps
2 Hydraulic
Pumps
3 Electric
Submersible
4 Gas Lift 5 Progressing
Cavity Pump
Pump (ESP) (PCP)

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10-Using Artificial- lift

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Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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11-Convert well to injector

Reason Main Methods

As wells mature, they are Depending on the well design, no
frequently converted downhole intervention may be
from oil/gas production required. The production intervals
to some other duty may require reconfiguring (shutting
(especially injection). off some intervals, opening up
Injection options include others). If the tubing metallurgy or
water (including size is not suitable for the new duty,
produced water), gas, it may need replacing
water alternating
gas (WAG), carbon
dioxide and other
waste streams.

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11-Convert well to injector

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11-Convert well to injector

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11-Convert well to injector

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11-Convert well to injector

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11-Convert well to injector

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11-Convert well to injector

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11-Convert well to injector

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11-Convert well to injector

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Agenda

1. Data acquisition
2. Integrity monitoring and repair
3. Water or gas shut-off
4. Debris removal and sand control
5. Sidetrack and well Deeping
6. Tubing replacement
7. Flow assurance
8. Stimulation
9. Perforating
10.Using Artificial- lift
11.Convert well to injector
12.Abandonment

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12-Abandonment

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 Well abandonment
12-Abandonment

Because well integrity and Because Dry well

environmental problems

Can use it for injection or

Possibility of workover ? Yes Reject the abandonment Yes observation or water source
wells ?
No

Is the well static ? No Should be static . Kill the No

well
Yes

Investigation should be Abandonments methods : Well status data should be

including at least : 1. Plug placement method including at least :
1. Current casing integrity 2. Cement Squeeze method 1. Top of cement
2. Pressure in all annuluses 3. mechanical plugging method 2. Perforation depth
3. Top of cement 4. Coiled tubing method 3. Well profile
4. Leak analysis 5. Through tubing method 4. Casing set depth
5. Perforation depth 6. Dump Baller method 5. Water near surface zone
6. Well profile 6. Completion type
7. Casing set depth
8. Water near surface zone
9. Completion type
Select abandonment methods
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12-Abandonment





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12-Abandonment

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Reference
About Authorized

Name: Abbas Radhi Abbas

Position: Chief Engineer / petroleum Engineer

Nationality: Iraq- Missan

Date of Birth: 1978

Gender: Male

Education Background:

Period Education description

1996-2001 University of Bagdad – college of Engineering – petroleum engineering department- (BSc)

Certificates of Appreciation
15 Certificates of Appreciation from difrent international companies such as (Schlumberger- waetherford , CNOOC , COSL ,
BHDC )
Introduce 21 online webinar
Work Experience : in Missan Oil Company ( MOC)

Period Work description

(2004-2006) reservoir engineer

(2006-2010 ) water injection engineer

during (2011) drilling and workover engineer

(2011 to 2023) petrophysics manager in Reservoir department

Language:
Arabic
Mother language:
Second
language/level: English/Fluent oral and written in English.

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