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21 April, The Hindu
21 April, The Hindu
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Buildings can oe -~ollstructed
_in Mars with 'spa.Ce:brtcks'
.Researchers develop a way to make bricks from Martian soil
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' ry infohnation. ; . f.,
The.provision.fqr persons or·
dered to give sej!llrity for good be-
haviour or maintaining peace, the
and Criminal Tracking Network &
Systems· (CCTNS) data have only
lielped I· enforcement agencies
•across Statd.ip matching missing
come into force on the day of such (1969), considered the necessity of " provision regar~ re~ or re· persons with ,f0und persons and
notification', has raised eyebrows. physical ~ t i o n of the arrest· · tests"_in Explanation of Section 53 sistance to allow taking~of,_.mea· unidentifiecf',.,~es, matching
The Act authorises the police and ed person for an effective investi• of the CTPC. The ' Court also laid surements, and the provisi~n re- lost/stolen · -mobile phones and
prison authorities to take 'mea• gation, without offending Article down certain guidelines for these Iatirig to the power of' (he ' vehicles•w:fth'thT.covered_ones,
surements' of convicts and others 20(3) of the Constitution. The re- tests. . magistrate to direct a person to tracking habitual criminals and in·
for the purpose of identification commendation was included in Since the Act does not lay down give measurements for the pur· ter·State gangs, etc.
and investigation in criminal mat· the CrPC (of 1973), as Section 53. any specific scientific tests for the pose·of any investigation, remain . The bJoio~ ~pie of an ac·
ters and to preserve records. The Later, an amendment was made in analysis of biological -samples or the same as provided for in the cused persof is cequired during
allegation is that the Act is uncon· the CrPC (with effect from June 23, otherwise, taking any sample or lPA. investigation (cj, (t,mparison with
stitutional and may be subject to· 2006) and an Explanation of 'ex· measurements for the sake of seized body ff~,.;~ d blood from
misuse. The Act seeks to repeal arnination' was added to Section identification . or comparison . Records ofjuveniles the scene of a'ime,to.establish Jin.
the Identification of Prisoners Act 53 to provide legal backing to ma· would not automatically violate Though the Act does not explicitly kage. Signa • Wbandwriting 1
(IPA) of 1920, whose scope was Ii· terials/biological samples on any constitutional. provision. The bar taking measurements of juye- specimens are • • for compari·
mited to recording measurements . which the medical examination validity of any new scientific tech· · niles, the proyisions of the {Special. , son with thosit . · uted or
which include lii:iger impressions could be conducted. Similarly, nique, to be applied in future, Act) Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 re- '1 ,forged documen~ ly, since
and footprint impressions of cer· Section 311A was added to facili· would need to be tested on the garding destructipn of ~rds qft'.:-1 ifi.ngerprints are M• • in nature,
tain convicts and · non-convict tate providing a specimen signa· touchstone of pennissible restric· conviction under the Act, shall ap- latent chance finger impressions
persons. ture or handwriting during tions on fundamental rights. ply. Since no disqualification can' lifted from the scene· of crime are
investigation. The lPA includes three catego· be attached to a conviction of an admitted as clinching evidence in
Broader scope ries of persons, namely, 'convicts offence by a juvenile, no measure- . 'a court of law to establish the pre-
While the scope of the 'measure· A settled consdtutionality of any offence punishable with ri· ment (if taken) can be used for any sence of the accused. Access to
ments' in the IPA was limited, the As early as 1961, the Supreme gorous imprisonment for a term of future reference. The legislature biometrics collected by the Un· .
Act now includes physical mea· Court of India in State of Bombay one year or upwards or of any of· has purposefully avoided the-word; ique Identification Authority ·of In·
surements such as finger impres· vs Kathi Kalu held that the person fence which would render him lia· "arrest" in the entire Juvehil~ ius-., dia (UIDAI) has been refused to en·
sions, palm prints, footprint im· in custody giving his specimen ble to enhanced punishment on a tice Act. A first information report ' . forcement agencies on the pretext
pressions, photographs, iris and handwriting or signature or im· subsequent conviction; persons . is to be written only in_heinous ~de 'technology issues' and strict
retina scans; biological samples pression of his thumb, finger, palm ordered to _give security for their ~ase~ (offences PUD!.5!J,abl~ . ~th provisions of the concerning law.
and their analysis; and behaviou· or foot, to the investigating officer, good behaviour; and persons ar· unpnsonment forti'e_ven years or The matter is pending with the
ral attributes including signatµres, cannot be included in the expres· rested in connection with an of· more)._In ~l ci~ :~~s,' delin• Delhi High Court and the Supreme
handwriting; or any other exami· sion "to be a witness" under Arti· fence punishable with rigorous im· quent Juvemles ~e-produced be- Court.
nation referred to in Sections 53 or des 20(3) of the Constitution. Si· prisonment for a term of one year fore the Juv11l)ile Justice Board .'.
53A of the Code of Criminal Proce· milarly, in a catena of cases, it has or upwards'. along with a gen!!ral daily diary re- Better technology cuts errors
dure (CrPC), 1973. ' been held that taking a blood sam· port and sociaJ_1background re· 'ri'lrhe objective of the Act is to facil·
The CrPC provides for 'exami· pie for the purpose of a DNA test, No harm is likely port. The power to apprehend is . jWe identification and investiga·
nation' (of the accused by a medi· taking a .hair s;unple or voice sam· · T,he Act has done away with any to_be exercised only regarclJ.ng hei• "non in criminal matters. Enforce-
cal ,practitioner) which includes pie will not amount to compelling such limitation for convicts and ar· nous. offence, un),ess'. it'is, in tiie l'l!eiit agencies must be allowed to I
examination of blood, semen, an accused to become a witness rested persons. However, it is im· best mterest ~f th~ chi)cj. . kii.).i: ,t ',.!,ise.scientific methods to prevent
swabs (in the case of sexual offenc· against himself, as such samples portant to note that most offences However, it. \Yl?µl!l-~bave . ~ :jl,ana detect crime. A number of
es), sputum and sweat, hair sam· by themselves are innocuous and punishable with imprisonment up pruden~ to a?d a pry'<isl,~,'\-IDit\le ·, analytical tools can be applied no-
pies and fingernail clippings using do not convey information within to one year are non•cognisable. Act for JUVemles fQ,r,~ ty;~~~: .wadays to the database of mea·
modern and scientific techniques personal knowledge of the ac· Otherwise too, for example, in a lay and dor?ts~~w. O
'l surements to do predictive polie·
including DNA profiling and other cused. Thus, the constitutionality simple cognisable offence (though recor s Ju~ , .Ing (which is very common in
necessary tests which could pro· of collecting biological ~amples or punishable with simple imprisc,n• to be erase • e,F';-\od,of storage developed countries). The use of ,
vide evidence as to the commis· other measurements for facilitat· ment up to only one month or of measureme~,~f. adults could · better technology will only help in
sion of an offence. Similarly, Sec· ing investigation, has been settled fine) of a chakka;jam (which gener· have bee\CO\}~~tly reduced ,' minimising the probability of er·
ally take place during political and by 10 ye~ ' qu; probability -o f rors. The right of an individual will
tion 311A of the,CrPC empowers a since l01~g. "· .
magistrate to direct. any person . The only ~:i,tlons are, scien• other protests), though arrest may ~m~tu~1"~e by any,pel'SOQ q:msidered in the back·
become necessary to clear the er e :'3:-:P y.ears Is neglqp• 0 ~ ground of the interests of s · t
untlU:dlng .a n accused person) ·to
""'""~·~ u..;. ~ -ol. -.s.'l."':f ~ -
vestigation or proceedings.
tlftc technl<lu~~~ely narcoana·
.~~•'\i&natuiem:hand• .. ,1,._..~;&<,1yl!1 •n'c-(br"lf\ flncer•
prl,.o~Y{l"ll lhe &~•me C b urt
Toad,and pr,event a condnulns of·
, re n~ i • rio btologtc!al . samples tlsti't:.s pUbltahed by the , Nadon.-J,. tb.roUS"b
in Se/vi vs State.pf Kamataka (2010) would be required normally to fa. Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) victs and others does not appear
~·--~"!.~~
ble. 'J_'he C,;lme.1!1 /(ld'4 ~ ..I020 s111,, , The data prC>J>OSed '°;,,,, .,~e y.
..
It is evident that the apparently held to '.p~ testimonial compul· cilitate investigation. Only physi· shows that the number of arrested to be disproportionate with the
enlarged scope of 'measurements'. s/ons (if .condm;ted wfthbut con· cal measurements would be suffi· persons qver 60 years of age is less stated objectives of the .Act.
in the Act is nothing but a merger sent), and thus prohiblt1!a under dent to recor~ ·ldeptlty. Further, than 1.5')(,.
of the scope of 'measurements' in Article 20(3) of the Cppsdtution·. ' nQt only h;is ~e amended Section The Act does not mandate the R.K. Vi} is a fonner Special DGP of
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···. Nirmala Sitharaman has urged
IMF to assist Sri Lanka: Centre
Colombo seeks a $4-billion bailout package for this year from the IMF
sides discussed India's eco-
If-
sRJRAMLAKSHMAN
WASHINGTON DC nomic performance and
Finance Minister Nirmala prospects as well as issues of
Sitharaman has urged the In- importance to India, the rea-
ternational Monetary Fund dout said. Ms. Sitharaman's
(IMF) to provide Sri Lanka delegation included Chief
with assistance, according to Economic Adviser Anantha
the Union government. Co- Nageswaran~
lombo, which is in the throes On Monday, the Minister
of an unprecedented eco- held a bilateral meeting with
nomic crisis, and announced her Sri Lankan counterpart
that it would default on fo- Ali Sabry, to discuss ihe eco-
reign debt repayments, to- nomic situation in Sri Lanka,
tallirtg $51 billion, is seeking Financial throes: Nirmala Sitharaman with RBI Governor the Finance Ministry said on
a $4-billion bailout package Shaktikanta Das at a G20 meeting, in Washington D.C. PT1 Twitter.
for this year from the IMF. Ms. Sitharaman "assured
Ms. Sitharaman "indicat- between the Minister and to actively engage with Sri Sri Lanka that as a close
ed that [the] IMF should sup- IMF Managing Director Kri- Lanka," the readout said. friend and good neighbour,
port and urgently provide fi- salina Georgieva . The Hindu has reached out India will try to extend all
nancial assistance to Sri "The Managing Director to the IMF Jor a readout of possible cooperation and as-
Lanka;' said a Finance Minis- assured the Finance Minister the meeting. sistance" to the country, the
try readout of the meeting that the IMF would continue During the meeting, the Ministry said.
PM launches new plans
in Gujarat's tribal areas
· · Among them is an electric locomotiv:e manufacturing unit
MAHESHLANGA "It was my dream after
AHMEDABAD becoming Prime Minister to
Prime Minister Narendra see Dahod get such an im-
Modi on Wednesday inaugu- portant project;' he said.
rated projects estimated at According to the details
over ?20,000 crore, includ- shared by the Railways, the
ing a locomotive manufac- refurbished workshop
turing unit, in Gujarat's tri- would manufacture broad
bal belt of Dahod and gauge electric locomotives
Pancmnahal. for Indian Railways and stan-
He laid the foundation dard gauge electric locomo-
stone for a project to manu- tives (or the export market.
facture 9,000-HP electric lo- Mr. Modi reminded his au-
comotives in Dahod clistriµ. been inaugurated today..One dience that tribes from cen-
He said it was his dream to of them is a·scheme related) tral Gujarat fought colonial
make the district an impor- to drinking water. There are rulers during the ·British
tant centre for "Make in many projects · related · to rule. He said new science
making paho_ q a Smari:"city. -. and·medical colleges would
jY, ...
India".
He addressed a huge gath- Dahod is 'iiow 'g oing to be- · be set up in tribal districts so
erlng of tribal people in cen- a
come ~igien~e for 'Make -fb~t tosaI bo)1 ~ -d giJls
\ ttal ~ uiarat, ahead of the As- ~ 1:Ddia' :' he:sai4•
1
.'-' , could study science and
··-. se"U:\.b\":f slat.ed for lat.e'r
4
• '. T~g1Woutthe l?CQtnbi nted:icine •·• ·
··= t\lis year. " ~- ~- •.,,,._~-.. .. · ~ ' unit, he said ~~"."~plo.:--.: - He •also narrated Storks /
f "Projects worth more nial:era, ste~ lo~t>mpt\ves . from his early life and men- \
! than t22,000 crore for Da- workshop would now be an. tioned how his work in tribal '.
! hod and Panchmahal have impetus for •~ e In India'. ", districts influenced him. ·
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.Amid _case spil<e, masl~
mandate bacl< in Delhi
COVID-19 tally in capital rises from 632 to 1,009 in 24 hours
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SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT
NEW DELHI . Maharashtra Minister
Tqe Delhi Disaster Manage-
ment Authority (DDMA) on
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Oil production
of wheat said . ,