* NLE * NCLEX * HAAD * PROMETRICS * DHA * MIDWIFERY * LET * RAD TECH * CRIMINOLOGY * DENTISTRY * PHARMACY * MED TECH *RESPI

PRE-BOARDS 1 EXAMINATION
TEST 1: GENERAL/ORAL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Philippine Dentistry Licensure Examination
NAME: DATE: SCORE: /100
1. The masseter muscle, which has a complex of internal C. Maxillary lateral incisors, viewed from mesial,
components, includes all the following EXCEPT? trapezoidal.
A. Pennation D. All mandibular posterior teeth, distal aspect,
B. Structural composition permitting regional activation. rhomboidal.
C. Multiple internal aponeuroses. D. Internal 10. Maximum rotation and translation of both condyles takes
aponeuroses that do not move or deform. place at:
2. Which of the following is not an arch trait of the maxillary A. Maximum opening.
canine? B. Maximum protrusive.
A. In the same dentition, the crown is larger than the C. Right and left lateral excursive movements. D. Hinge
mandibular canine. movement.
B. The incisal margin of the crown occupies at least one 11. The heights of contour of the distal surfaces of permanent
third to one half of crown height. mandibular central incisors are located in which coronal third?
C. Labial aspect: mesial and distal marginal ridges A. Middle. C. Occlusal.
converge toward cervix. B. Cervical. D. Incisal.
D. Marked symmetry of mesial/distal halves when 12. On average, approximately what is the dimension of the
viewed from incisal. permanent maxillary canine at the widest mesiodistal diameter
3. In terms of vertical dimension, where is the mental foramen of the crown?
found most frequently? A. 5.5 mm. C. 7.5 mm.
A. At the apices of the premolars. B. 6.5 mm. D. 8.5 mm.
B. Coronal to the apices. 13. Equal contracture of the lateral pterygoid muscle bilaterally
C. Below the apices. produces which of the following mandibular movements?
D. No particular location predominates.
A. Retrusive. C. Protrusive.
4. Which jaw activity does not involve one of the following
B. Elevation. D. Lateral.
muscles? 14. Exacerbation of bruxism has been reported to occur with
A. Clenching, superior heads of lateral pterygoid muscles all the following agents except one? Which is the exception?
(LPM).
A. Paroxetine (Paxil).
B. Clenching, inferior heads of LPM.
B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
C. Ipsilateral jaw movements, inferior heads of LPM.
C. Naproxen (Naprosyn).
D. Simple jaw opening, deep masseter muscle.
D. Amphetamine derivative (“Ecstasy”).
5. If posterior teeth on the left side contact occlusally during a
15. Lymphatic drainage from tooth 32 will first involve which of
right lateral excursion of the mandible, the left side occlusal
the following node groups?
contact would be referred to as:
A. Lateral upper deep cervical node.
A. Laterotrusive contact. C. Mediotrusive contact. B. Medial upper deep cervical node.
B. Protrusive contact. D. Centric relation. C. Lateral lower deep cervical node.
6. The Y -shaped central developmental groove is most likely D. Submaxillary node.
found on which of the following premolars? 16. A comparison of the pulp chambers and root canals of
A. Maxillary first. C. Maxillary second. maxillary primary and permanent second molars shows which of
B. Mandibular first. D. Mandibular second. the following?
7. What is the average height of curvature of the cervical line
A. Enamel cap of primary tooth is relatively thick but less
(CEJ) on the mesial and distal of the permanent maxillary and consistent in depth.
mandibular incisors? B. Comparatively less thickness of dentin at the occlusal
A. About 3.5 mm on the mesial of the maxillary central fossa of primary molars.
incisor. C. Pulp chambers are proportionally larger in primary
B. About 1.5 mm on the distal of the maxillary central molars.
incisor. D. Pulp horns are lower in primary molars, especially
C. About 2.0 mm on the mesial of the mandibular central distal horns.
incisor. 17. In a comparison of maxillary, primary and permanent
D. About 1.0 mm on the distal of the mandibular central second molars, which of the following differences are noted?
incisor. A. Enamel rods at the cervix slope gingivally in the
8. Which of the following contributes primary sensory primary molar.
innervation to the temporomandibular joint? B. Enamel rods at the cervix slope occlusally in the
A. Auriculotemporal nerve. permanent molar.
B. Infraorbital nerve. C. Buccal cervical ridges are less pronounced in the
C. Branch of the lingual nerve. primary molar.
D. Facial nerve. D. Roots of primary teeth are longer and more slender in
9. What is the correct schematic outline of the following teeth? comparison with crown size than those of permanent
A. Mandibular premolars, viewed from occlusal, teeth.
rhomboidal.
B. Maxillary central incisors, viewed from facial,
triangles.

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18. Based on average MD diameters of the crowns of primary B. the central fossa of the mandibular third molar
teeth, the range for average overall length of the primary C. the distal marginal ridge of mandibular first molar
maxillary arch is about what dimension? and mesial marginal ridge of the second molar
D. the distal marginal ridge of mandibular second molar
A. 60–68 mm.
and mesial marginal ridge of the third molar
B. 68–76 mm.
30. In comparison to those of permanent molars, the common
C. 76–84 mm.
D. 84–92 mm. root trunks of primary molars are proportionately:
19. Which of the following is the smallest primary molar? A. larger
A. Maxillary 1st B. smaller
B. Maxillary 2nd C. relatively equal
C. Mandibular 1st D. variable, depending on the tooth
D. Mandibular 2nd 31. The glenoid (articular) fossa in which the mandibular
20. A posterior bitewing radiograph reveals a 2 mm × 2 mm condyle articulates is a depression within which cranial bone?
radiopaque mass on the distal surface of tooth No. 2, just A. Sphenoid
apical to the CEJ. Which of the following is most likely the B. Zygomatic
C. Temporal
finding?
D. Parietal
A. Enamel pearl E. A combination of more than one bone
B. Cervical enamel projection 32. The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes
C. Taurodont
in:
D. Distodens
E. Hypercementosis A. the mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular second
21. In an ideal occlusion, the mesiobuccal cusp of the molar
B. the distal marginal ridge of the mandibular first molar
permanent maxillary 2nd molar opposes which of the
C. the central groove of the mandibular first molar
following? D. the facial embrasure between the mandibular first
A. The buccal groove of the mandibular 2nd molar and second molars
B. The distobuccal groove of the mandibu-lar 1st molar E. the buccal groove of the first mandibular molar
C. The mesiobuccal groove of the mandibu-lar 2nd molar 33. How many teeth (out of 32) in the normal dentition oppose
D. The buccal embrasure between the mandibular 1st and only ONE other tooth?
2nd molars A. None
22. Which one of the following normally single rooted teeth is B. 1
most likely to have a bifurcated root? C. 2
A. Maxillary central incisor D. 4
B. Maxillary lateral incisor E. 6
C. Maxillary canine 34. Which premolar is considered to be most molar-like in
D. Mandibular canine form?
E. Maxillary 1st premolar A. Maxillary first
23. Which tooth is likely to have root depressions on both the B. Maxillary second
mesial and distal root surfaces? C. Mandibular first
A. Maxillary central incisor D. Mandibular second
B. Maxillary lateral incisor 35. The greatest curvature of the cervical line interproximally is
C. Maxillary 2nd premolar found on the:
D. Mandibular 2nd premolar A. Mesial of the maxillary central
24. The mandible functions as what type of lever? B. Mesial of the maxillary lateral
A. Class I C. Distal of the maxillary central
B. Class II D. Distal of the maxillary lateral
C. Class III 36. Which incisor commonly exhibits the most variety in
D. Class IV anatomy in both crown form and root form?
25. At what age is a child expected to have 12 primary teeth
A. Maxillary central
and 12 permanent teeth? B. Maxillary lateral
A. 61/2 years C. Mandibular central
B. 71/2 years D. Mandibular lateral
C. 81/2 years 37. The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary third molar occludes
D. 101/2 years in:
E. 121/2 years A. the mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular second
26. Which cusp becomes smaller and less conspicuous as you molar
go from maxillary first to second to third molar? B. the distal marginal ridge of the mandibular second
A. Mesiobuccal molar
B. Mesiolingual C. the mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular third
C. Distobuccal molar
D. Distolingual D. the facial embrasure between the mandibular second
27. Which cusp on the primary mandibular first molar is and third molars
highest and sharpest? E. the buccal groove of the third mandibular molar
A. Mesiobuccal 38. The lingual lobe of an anterior teeth is referred to as the:
B. Distobuccal A. lingual ridge
C. Mesiolingual B. mamelons
D. Distolingual C. cingulum
28. The anterior tooth with the most pronounced lingual ridge D. tubercles
is the: E. lingual pit
39. The epithelial root sheath of Hertwig is composed of:
A. Maxillary central incisor
B. Mandibular lateral incisor A. inner enamel epithelium and stellate reticulum
C. Maxillary canine B. stellate reticulum only
D. Mandibular canine C. inner and outer enamel epithelium
29. In centric occlusion, the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary D. all of the tissues listed above
E. none of the above
third molar will contact:
A. the central fossa of the mandibular second molar

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40. The heights of contour of the mandibular first premolar, 43. This is a position assumed by the jaw when it is not
when viewed from the mesial, are located within which third? engaged in any activity:
A. buccal in occlusal third, lingual in middle third A. initial contact
B. both in middle third B. centric occlusion
C. both in occlusal third C. physiologic rest position
D. buccal in cervical third, lingual in occlusal third D. habitual occlusal position
E. both in cervical third E. most protruded position
41. Guiding cusps normally contact: 44. The maintenance of the resting potential of a nerve cell is
the result of an active mechanism known as sodium pump
A. mesial marginal ridges
which _____.
B. distal marginal ridges
A. Moves the sodium from an area of lesser
C. central fossae
concentration inside the nerves that of a greater
D. embrasures
concentration outside
42. Oblique ridges are found on which molar teeth?
B. Moves the sodium from an area of lesser
A. Maxillary first and second concentration outside the nerves to that of a greater
B. Mandibular first and second concentration inside
C. Maxillary and mandibular first C. Sodium moves from inside to outside of the nerve
D. Maxilary and mandibular second D. Depends on the stimulus
E. First and second molars in both arches 45. What is the inactive organic molecular portion of enzyme?
43. When compared to the buccal roots of the maxillary first A. Apoenzyme
molar, the buccal roots of the maxillary second molar are: B. Coenzyme
A. more parallel, with a pliers-like appearance C. Cofactor
B. less parallel, lacking a pliers-like appearance D. Holoenzyme
C. more parallel, with both having a mesial tip 53. The superior ophthalmic vein directly communicates with
orientation which of the following dural venous sinuses?
D. more parallel, with both having a distal tip orientation A. Cavernous sinus
44. Which teeth exhibit isomorphy with each other? B. Occipital sinus
A. Primary maxillary first and second molars C. Sigmoid sinus
B. Primary maxillary second and primary mandibular D. Superior petrosal sinus
second molars E. Straight sinus
C. Primary mandibular first molars and primary maxillary 54. During respiration, carbon dioxide and oxygen exchanged at
first molars the junction of the blood and alveolar spaces and the junction
D. Primary maxillary second molars and permanent of blood and tissue. The actual diffusion of the gases is primarily
maxillary first molars controlled by the _____.
E. None of the above A. elasticity of blood capillaries
38. In an ideal intercuspal relation, the mesiolingual cusp of B. atmospheric pressure
the maxillary first molar contacts the mandibular first C. differentials in partial pressure of the gases
molar on the: D. d. bicarbonate content of the blood
A. Central fossa 55. All of the following are true about skeletal muscle, EXCEPT
B. Distal fossa A. The nuclei are central
C. Mesial fossa B. They are cylindrical in shape
D. Mesial marginal ridge C. Have multiple nuclei
E. Distal marginal ridge D. Have transverse striations
39. In an ideal intercuspal relation in a normal dentition, each 56. Which of the following bones is part of the superior wall
of the following teeth contacts each other except one. (roof) of the orbit?
Which one is the exception? A. Zygomatic.
A. Maxillary first premolar and mandibular second B. Lacrimal.
premolar C. Sphenoid.
B. Maxillary first molar and mandibular second premolar D. Maxilla.
C. Maxillary second premolar and mandibular first molar E. Ethmoid.
D. Maxillary second molar and mandibular third molar 57. The latissimus dorsi muscle is supplied by the _____ nerve.
40. In an ideal intercuspation, the tip of the mesiofacial cusp of A. Medial pectoral
the maxillary second molar opposes which of the following? B. Cranial nerve XI
A. Facial groove of the mandibular second molar C. Dorsal scapular
B. Distofacial developmental groove of the first molar D. Thoracodorsal
C. Embrasure between the mandibular first and second 58. The apex of a medullary pyramid in the kidney is called
molars the___.
D. Embrasure between the mandibular second and third A. Cortex
molars B. Medulla
E. Central fossa C. Renal papilla
41. In an ideal intercuspal position, the distofacial cusp of a D. Major calyx
maxillary first molar opposes which feature on a E. Minor calyx
mandibular first molar? 59. All of the following vessels contribute to Kisselbach plexus
A. The distal cusp EXCEPT
B. The distofacial cusp A. lesser palatine artery.
C. The distofacial developmental groove B. sphenopalatine artery.
D. The mesiofacial developmental groove C. lateral nasal branches of facial artery.
D. superior labial artery.
E. anterior ethmoid arteries of internal carotid artery.

60. Signals entering a neuronal pool excites far greater

42. In an ideal intercuspal relation, the mesiofacial cusps of
numbers of nerve fibers leaving the pool:
the mandibular second molars contact the maxillary
A. Reverberatory circuit
molars on the:
B. Divergence
A. Distal fossae of the second
C. Convergence
B. Central fossae of the second
D. both B & C
C. Lingual embrasures between the first and second
61. The enzyme required to replicate DNA is called:
D. Facial embrasures between the first and second
E. Mesial marginal ridges of the second A. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
B. RNA polymerase

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 C. DNA polymerase 71. Which of the following types of cartilage has the ability to
D. glucose -6-phosphatase calcify?
E. none of them A. Fibrocartilage
62. Most skull joints found between the flat bones of the skull
B. Hyaline
are:
C. Elastic
A. Fibrous joints
D. Elastic and hyaline
B. Cartilaginous joints
E. Hyaline and fibrocartilage
C. Synovial joints
72. Which structures are called adenoids when enlarged?
D. Diarthroses
A. Lingual tonsils
63. Which of the following is the primary source of plasma B. Palatine tonsils
proteins? C. Pharyngeal tonsils
A. Kidneys D. Waldeyers ring
B. Liver 73. Which of the following areas of the mediastinum contains
C. Plasma cells the vagus nerve?
D. T cells A. Superior
64. A patient was due for oral prophylaxis but upon coming to B. Posterior
your office complained of pain even when gurgling of water or C. Anterior
light touch. Upon taking his medical history, it was found out D. Middle
that he was diagnosed with a tumor that was invading which E. None of the above
lobe of the cerebrum? 74. The macula densa is located in which portion of the
A. Temporal lobe kidney?
B. Parietal lobe A. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Occipital lobe B. Bowman capsule
D. Frontal lobe C. Loop of Henle
65. An individual is suffering from hyperthyroidism and the D. Proximal convoluted tubule
decision is made to remove a lobe of the thyroid gland. which E. Collecting duct
75. Rivian ducts allow drainage from which of the following
of the ff structures could be disrupted in this procedure?
glands?
i. vagus nerve
A. Parotid
ii. parathyroid gland
B. Sebaceous
iii. muscles of the larynx C. Lacrimal
iv. recurrent laryngeal nerve D. Sublingual
v. thyroid duct E. Mammary
A. i, iii 76. Each of the following is TRUE with regard to the carotid
B. ii, iv sheath EXCEPT
C. i, v A. the sternocleidomastoid muscle lies medial to it in the
D. d. iii, v e. ii, v cervical region.
66. Mucopurulent exudate from maxillary sinusitis would be B. it lies anterior to the scalene musculature in the
most likely to drain through an ostium in the cervical region.
A. bulla ethmoidalis C. it lies anterior to the thyroid gland.
B. hiatus semilunaris D. it contains the vagus nerve, jugular vein, and
C. inferior nasal meatus common carotid artery.
D. sphenoethmoidal recess E. it is associated with the carotid sinus nerve,
E. superior nasal meatus sympathetic nerves, and lymph nodes.
67. the auditory tube 77. Sublingual gland is situated between
A. passes medially from the pinna to the tympanic A. Genioglossus and mandible
membrane B. Geniohyoid and genioglossus
B. connects the middle ear cavity to the upper part of C. Hyoglossus and genioglossus
the pharynx D. Hyoglossus and styloglossus
C. is necessary to maintain air in the middle ear 78. Long bones grow in length primarily by:
D. is the same thing as the cochlea A. adding bone onto the ends of the articular cartilage
E. both b and c B. mitosis of bone cells (osteocytes)
68. The secretomotor supply of the parotid gland is through _. C. laying down of bone in the periosteum
A. Submandibular ganglion D. replacement of epiphyseal plate cartilage with bone
B. Otic ganglion E. replacement of primitive connective tissue.
C. Gasserian ganglion 79. Theoretically, in most human cells, one glucose molecule
D. Geniculate ganglion produces enough usable chemical energy to synthesize:
69. Hilar lymph nodes are located A. 30-32 ATP molecules
A. in the lateral thoracic cavity. B. 32-34 ATP molecules
B. superior to the clavicle and surrounding the carotid C. 36-38 ATP molecules
sheath. D. 44-48 ATP molecules
C. along the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 80. An otherwise healthy student taking no medications is
D. at the root of the lungs. concerned because he has noticed several painless uniform
E. at the posterior base of the skull. "large bumps" at the back of his tongue. These are most likely:
A. aphthous ulcers
70. Which glandular area secretes hormones which are B. candidal colonies
products of tyrosine metabolism? C. circumvallate papillae
A. Alpha cells of pancreas D. filiform papillae
B. Beta cells of pancreas E. fungiform papillae
C. Adrenal cortex 81. The trigeminal nerve provides sensory innervation for all of
D. Adrenal medulla the following EXCEPT _____.
E. Testes A. Oral cavity
B. Nasal cavity
C. Paranasal sinuses
D. Posterior third of the tongue

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82. A surgeon inadvertently sections the recurrent laryngeal D. cremaster muscle.
nerve during a procedure. Which of the following muscles E. pectineus muscle.
would retain its innervation subsequent to this injury? 92. The hormone that is responsible for “let down reflex”.
A. Cricothyroid A. Epinephrine
B. Lateral cricoarytenoid B. Acetylcholine
C. Dopamine
C. Posterior cricoarytenoid
D. Oxytocin
D. Thyroarytenoid
93. Which nerve would require local anesthesia in order to carry
E. Vocalis
out a pain-free biopsy of a lesion on the anterior 2/3 of the
83. Of the following statements concerning the lymphatic
tongue?
system are true, except:
A. Lingual, hypoglossal
A. The main function is to collect and transport tissue
B. Lingual, chorda tympani
fluids from the intercellular spaces in all the tissues of C. Pharyngeal, lingual
the body, back to the veins in the blood system D. Glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal
B. Lymph is a transparent, usually slightly yellow, often 94. Reabsorption of glomerular filtrate would be most affected
opalescent liquid found in the lymphatic vessels if modifications were made to the permeability of which section
C. It consists of the bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, of the nephron?
lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, Peyer's patches, A. descending loop of henle
lymph, and lymphatic vessels B. distal convoluted tubule
D. Just like the circulatory system, the lymphatic system C. proximal convoluted tubule
has a central "heart-like" organ to pump lymph D. ascending loop of Henle
throughout the lymph vessels 95. What nerve supply has motor action ONLY?
E. The chief characteristic common to all lymphatic A. Auriculotemporal
organs is the presence of lymphocytes B. Mandibular
84. Which of the following structures are involved in steroid C. Maxillary
synthesis and lipid/glycogen metabolism? D. Facial
E. Accessory
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
96. Cardiac function is the volume of blood pumped each
B. Lysosomes
C. Peroxisomes minute, and is expressed by which equation?
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum A. CO = SV – HR
E. Mitochondria B. CO = SV + HR
85. A-gamma fibers function in C. CO = SV x HR
A. touch sensation. D. CO = SV / HR
B. muscle spindle apparatus. 97. The ductus venosus present in the fetus becomes what in
C. pressure sensation. the newborn?
D. temperature sensation.
A. Ligamentum arteriosum
E. sharp pain sensation.
86. The ascending palatine artery is a branch of _____. B. Ligamentum teres
A. Ascending pharyngeal artery C. Fossa ovalis
B. Sphenopalatine theory D. Ligamentum venosum
C. Pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery 98. Afferent sensation from the lower molar teeth is carried by
D. First part of the facial artery A. Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
87. Which of the following hormones is secreted by anterior B. Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
pituitary cells that stain with acidic dyes? C. Long buccal nerve
A. ACTH D. motor branch of the facial nerve
B. FSH 99. All of the following vitamins have little to no risk of
C. LH overdose EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?
D. Prolactin A. niacin
E. TSH B. Biotin
88. The cricopharyngeus muscle of the esophagus _____. C. vitamin C
A. Is a parasympathetic stimulator of peristalsis D. vitamin K
B. Is a sympathetic inhibitor of peristalsis 100. The muscles of TMJ, the following muscle opposing
C. Prevents swallowing air at the pharyngeal end stabilizing and agonistic muscle force as far as the disc is
D. Prevents regurgitation of stomach contents at the concerned.,
abdominal A. Temporalis
E. Controls the gag reflex B. External pterygoid
89. All of the following are true of maxillary artery, EXCEPT __. C. Lateral pterygoid
A. It is one of the terminal branches of ECA D. Medial pterygoid
B. The branches of maxillary artery accompany the
branches of maxillary nerve
C. It passes deep between the two heads of lateral
pterygoid
D. It is the arterial supply for mandible
90. Which of the following cells in the body metabolize glucose
only through anaerobic pathways?
A. Muscle cells
B. Red blood cells
C. Hepatocytes
D. Neural cells
91. All of the following structures form the boundary known as
the femoral triangle EXCEPT
A. sartorius muscle.
B. inguinal ligament.
C. adductor longus muscle.

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